HomeMy WebLinkAboutResolutions - 2011.07.06 - 18637MISCELLANEOUS RESOLUTION #11145
BY: Public Services Committee, Jim Runestaq, Chairperson
TN RE: SHERIFF'S OFFICE - AMENDMENT TO THE CONTRACT FOR FIRE DISPATCH
SERVICES IN THE CITY OF PONTIAC
To the Oakland County Board of Commissioners
Chairperson, Ladies and Gentlemen:
WHEREAS it is the policy of the Oakland County Board of Commissioners to
permit the Sheriff's Office to enter into contracts with Cities, Villages and
Townships for the purpose of providing fire dispatch services; and
WHEREAS the Board of Commissioners approved M.R. #11020 which authorized a
contract between the City of Pontiac through the Emergency Manager; and
WHEREAS the County has determined that amendments to the contract are
necessary; and
WHEREAS there will he no change from M.R. 11020 for the positions, equipment
and financial effect for this amendment;
WHEREAS Corporation Counsel has drafted the amendments and they are included
in the attached contract.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Oakland County Board of Commissioners
approves the attached contract with the amendments, with the City of Pontiac.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the all other aspects of M.R. #11020 remain in
effect.
Chairperson, I move the adoption of the foregoing resolutiorq
2 /
SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO
FIRE DISPATCH AGREEMENT WITH PONTIAC
1. Updated legal reference: All references to previous EFM statute have
been replaced with new EFM law (Public Act No. 4 of 2011).
2. Start Date: Contract to take effect on July 31, 2011 at 11:59 p.m..
Service to begin on August 1, 2011 at 12:00 a.m..
3. Payment terms: Paragraph 10. Instead of paying for fire dispatch
services on a monthly basis after the service is rendered, the City will pre-
pay for services on a monthly basis.
4. Default Triggers and Cancellation Rights: Paragraph 11. Contract
provides that Pontiac will be in default of the agreement if it (1) fails to
timely pay the County any amount due under the Agreement (2) fails to
perform any other obligation required under the Agreement or (3) seeks
authority from the governor and state treasurer to proceed under title 11 of
the United States Code, 11 USC 101 to 1532, as provided for in section
23 of Pubic Act 4 of 2011. If the city is in default, the County will provide
written notice of the default to the City and the City has 30 days to cure
the default. If city fails to cure default within 30 days, the County may:
a. Terminate this Agreement sixty (60) days from the date written
notice of termination is provided to the CITY by the COUNTY;
b. Declare all unpaid amounts owed under the Agreement
immediately due and payable without further presentment,
demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are
expressly waived by the CITY.
c. Exercise any and all rights and remedies available to it under
the Agreement (i.e. DTRF capture) or applicable law.
Previous contract simply provided that either party could terminate upon
180 days written notice.
5. County access to City financial records. Paragraph 12. City is
required to provide County with a copy of all financial reports prepared by
the CITY pursuant to the requirements of Public Act 4 of 2011 within 10
days of request by County. [New to contract]
FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE COUNTY OF OAKLAND
AND
THE CITY OF PONTIAC
This Agreement is made and entered into between the COUNTY OF OAKLAND, a Michigan
Constitutional and Municipal Corporation, whose address is 1200 North Telegraph Road, Pontiac, Michigan
48341 (the "COUNTY"), and the CITY OF PONTIAC, whose address is 47450 Woodward Avenue, Pontiac,
Michigan, 48342-2271 (the "CITY"). In this Agreement, the COUNTY shall be represented by the OAKLAND
COUNTY SHERIFF, in his official capacity as a Michigan Constitutional Officer, whose address is 1200 North
Telegraph Road, Bldg. 38 E., Pontiac, Michigan 48341 (the "SHERIFF"). In this Agreement, whenever the
COUNTY and the SHERIFF are intended to be referred to jointly, they shall collectively be referred to as the
"OAKLAND COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE" ("O.C.S.0.")
WITNESSETH
WHEREAS, the CITY is authorized by law to provide fire protection service for its residents; and
WHEREAS, in order to provide effective fire protection services for its residents, the CITY must also
provide Fire Department communication and dispatch functions; and
WHEREAS, the 0.0,5.0. provides police communication and dispatch functions and has the capability to
provide fire dispatch but, absent this Agreement, is not obligated to provide "FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE", as
defined in this Agreement, for the CITY; and
WHEREAS, the COUNTY and CITY may enter into a contract by which the 0,C.S.O. would provide FIRE
DISPATCH SERVICE for CITY; and
WHEREAS, the CITY has concluded that it is more cost effective to contract for FIRE DISPATCH
SERVICE with the 0.C,S.0, than to equip and staff its own fire communication and dispatch center; and
WHEREAS, the 0.C.S.O, agrees to provide FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE for the "CITY FIRE
PERSONNEL", as defined in this Agreement, under the following terms and conditions;
NOW, THEREFORE, it is mutually agreed as follows:
1. The COUNTY, with the cooperation and approval of the SHERIFF, shall, in conjunction with its
existing 0.C.S.O. police communications functions, provide FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE to CITY FIRE
PERSONNEL.
2. Except as expressly provided for in this Agreement, the Parties agree that this Agreement does not,
and is not intended to, transfer, delegate, or assign to the other Party or any civil or legal
responsibility, duty, obligation, duty of care, cost, legal obligation, or liability associated with any
governmental function delegated and/or entrusted to either party under any existing law or
regulations.
3. For all purposes and as used throughout this Agreement, the words and expressions listed
below; whether used in the singular or plural, within or without quotation marks, or possessive or
nonpossessive, shall be defined, read, and interpreted as follows:
3.1, "FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE" shall be defined to include: any emergency or non-emergency
telephone call or notice, of any kind, received by the 0.C.S.O., which requests, requires, or, in
the sole judgment of the 0.C.S.O. or a COUNTY AGENT_appears to request or require the
presence, attention, or services of any CITY FIRE PERSONNEL to address, respond, or
attend to any issue, event, or circumstance involving public health or safety, an accident, an
accidental injury, the protection of property, or any emergency (including, but not limited to
medical, fire, and/or health), and an 0,C.S.O. or COUNTY AGENT radio communication, or
any attempted radio communication to any CITY FIRE PERSONNEL.
3.2. "CITY FIRE PERSONNEL" shall be defined to include: all uniformed, non-uniformed, civilian,
command, volunteer, administrative, and/or supervisory personnel employed and/or
contracted by the CITY to provide, supply, support, administer, or direct any fire or emergency
related services and/or any persons acting by, through, under, or in concert with any of them;
or any CITY official, officer, employee or agent whose job duties may include the receipt of
any 0.C.S.O. FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE.
3.3. "COUNTY AGENT" shall be defined to include the SHERIFF and all COUNTY elected and
appointed officials, commissioners, officers, boards, committees, commissions, departments,
divisions employees (including any SHERIFF'S DEPUTY), agents, predecessors,
successors, or assigns, (whether such persons act or acted in their personal, representative,
or official capacities), and all persons acting by, through, under, or in concert with any of
them. COUNTY AGENT as defined in this Agreement shall also include any person who was
a COUNTY AGENT at any time during the term of this Agreement but, for any reason, is no
longer employed, appointed, or elected in his/her previous capacity.
3.4. "CLAIM" shall be defined to include any and all losses, complaints, demands for relief,
damages, lawsuits, causes of action, proceedings, judgments, deficiencies, penalties, costs
and expenses, including, but not limited to, reimbursement for reasonable attorney fees,
witness fees, court costs, investigation, litigation expenses, amounts paid in settlement,
and/or any other amount for which the COUNTY or COUNTY AGENT becomes legally and/or
contractually obligated to pay, whether direct, indirect, or consequential, whether based upon
any alleged violation of the constitution (federal or state), any statute, rule, regulation, or the
common law, whether in law or equity, tort, contract, or otherwise, and/or whether
commenced or threatened.
4 Except for the FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE expressly contracted for herein, the 0.C.S.O. and/or any
COUNTY AGENT shall not be obligated to provide or assist CITY or any CITY FIRE PERSONNEL
with any other direct, indirect, backup, or supplemental support or fire-related service or protection,
of any kind or nature, or be obligated to send any COUNTY AGENT to respond, in any way, to any
call for CITY FIRE PERSONNEL services.
5. Under all circumstances, CITY shall remain solely and exclusively responsible for all costs and/or
liabilities associated with providing available on-duty CITY FIRE PERSONNEL to receive and
respond to FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE in a timely and professional manner.
6 This Agreement does not, and is not intended to, obligate or require the 0.C.S.O. to change, alter,
modify, or develop any different 0.C.S.O. dispatch related procedures, policies, and/or standards;
purchase or use any special or additional equipment; or, alternatively, prohibit the 0.C.S.O, from
implementing any future communication-related changes that the 0.0.5.0,, in its sole judgment and
discretion, believes to be in its best interest.
7 CITY shall be solely and exclusively responsible, during the term of this Agreement, for guaranteeing
that: (a) all CITY FIRE PERSONNEL radios and other communication equipment will be properly set,
adjusted, and maintained to receive any FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE from the 0.C.S.O. and/or
COUNTY AGENT and will comply with all current and future applicable 0.C.S.0, dispatching
procedures, policies, standards, technical specifications, and/or any applicable state or federal
communication requirements, including, but not limited, to all Federal Communications Commission
orders, regulations, and policies; (b) all CITY FIRE PERSONNEL will be adequately trained and will
comply with all current and future applicable 0.C.S.O. dispatching procedures, policies, standards,
technical specifications and/or any applicable state or federal communication requirements, including,
but not limited, to all Federal Communications Commission orders, regulations, and policies; and (c)
CITY and all CITY FIRE PERSONNEL shall, at all times, promptly and properly notify the designated
COUNTY AGENT of any on-duty or off-duty status and/or availability or unavailability of CITY FIRE
PERSONNEL to receive FIRE DISPATCH SERVICE from the 0.C.S.O.
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8. The CITY shall be solely and exclusively responsible for all costs, expenses and liabilities
associated with the purchase, lease, operation, and/or use of any CITY FIRE PERSONNEL radio or
other communication equipment. The 0.C.S.O. shall not be obligated to provide CITY FIRE
PERSONNEL with any radio or other communication equipment of any kind. CITY shall not be
obligated under the terms of this Agreement to supply or provide the 0.C.S.O. with any additional
telephones, telephone lines, radios, other communications equipment, or property.
9. The 0.C,S.O. may, at its sole discretion and expense, inspect any CITY FIRE PERSONNEL radio or
other communication equipment to ensure that it conforms a applicable 0.C.S.O, dispatching
procedures, policies, standards, technical specifications, and/or state and federal law. If the
inspection reveals a lack of conformance, the 0.C.S.O. shall notify the CITY in writing of the specific
violations. The CITY shall address and correct such violations at its own expense within thirty (30)
calendar days of receiving the written notice or present a written plan to C.O.S.°. within 15 calendar
days setting forth a procedure for correcting the violations. If CITY fails to address and/or correct
such violations within the time period set forth in this paragraph, the 0.C.S O. may terminate and/or
cancel the Agreement.
10, In consideration of the COUNTY'S promises and efforts under this Agreement, CITY shall pay the
COUNTY •:.•• -- -- •••••••••••••:••••::..,--..a.., • ..: :• • . • • :"." • • : . • ••• • .. .• :
..• :.::•••••.• • ••. •,• • • • •: $18,384.22 (Eighteen•
Thousand Three Hundred Eighty Four Dollars and Twenty Two Cents) per month for the months of
1,2011 through March 31, 2012. Said payments shall be made as follows:
10.1 Each monthly payment shall be :a: due and payable no later than
the 15th calendar day of • .. . calendar month starting on the
day after this Agreement takes effect and continuing each calendar month thereafter.
10.2 All a .:•ai•onthly payments shall be due and payable by CITY without any further notice or
demand from the COUNTY.
10.3 Each monthly payment shall be made by a check drawn on a CITY
account and shall be made payable to the County of Oakland and delivered to the
attention of: Oakland County Treasurer, 1200 N. Telegraph Road, Pontiac, MI 48341-
0479, or in any manner directed by the County.
10.4 Each payment shall clearly identify that it is a monthly payment being made pursuant to this
Agreement and identify the calendar month for which CITY intended the payment to apply.
The COUNTY, in its discretion, may apply any monthly payment received from CITY to any
past due amount or monthly payment then due and owing to the COUNTY pursuant to this
Agreement.
11, If the CITY, for any reason, fails to pay the COUNTY any monies when and as due under this
Agreement-the CITY agrees thata•••:•:.-: • • .. ••: . • •:••::.• .:•!•••• • the COUNTY or the County
Treasurer, at their sole option, shall be entitled to setoff from any other CITY funds that are in the
COUNTY'S possession for any reason . •, . .. a a
Funds include but are not limited to the Delinquent .lax Revolving
Fund ("DTRF") :
Any setoff or retention of funds by the COUNTY shall be deemed a voluntary assignment of the
amount by the CITY to the COUNTY, The CITY waives any CLAIMS against the COUNTY or its
Officials for any acts related specifically to the COUNTY'S offsetting or retaining such amounts. This
paragraph shall not limit the CITY'S legal right to dispute whether the underlying amount retained by
the COUNTY was actually due and owing under this Agreement.
If the COUNTY chooses not to exercise its right to setoff or if any setoff is insufficient to fully pay the
COUNTY any amounts due and owing the COUNTY under this Agreement, the COUNTY shall have
the right to charge up to the then-maximum legal interest on any unpaid amount. Interest charges
shall be in addition to any other amounts due to the County under this Agreement. Interest charges
shall be calculated using the daily unpaid balance method and accumulate until all outstanding
amounts an accumulated interest are fully paid.
Nothing in this Paragraph shall operate to limit the COUNTY'S right to pursue or exercise any other
legal rights or remedies under this Agreement against CITY to secure reimbursement of amounts due
the COUNTY under this Agreement. The remedies in this Paragraph shall be available to the
COUNTY on an ongoing and successive basis if CITY at any time becomes delinquent in its
payments. Notwithstanding any other terms and conditions in this Agreement, if the COUNTY
pursues any legal action in any court to secure its payment under this Agreement, the CITY agrees to
pay all costs and expenses, including attorney's fees and court costs, incurred by the County in the
collection of any amount owed by CITY.
12. Each Party shall be responsible for any CLAIMS made against that Party and for the acts of its
Employees or AGENTS. Further, the CITY agrees that it shall remain solely and completely liable for
any and all CLAIMS that either arose or have their basis in circumstances or events occurring before
the effective date of this Agreement, including but not limited to, any wage or benefit issues, any
collective bargaining obligations, or any other related employment rights or obligations such as worker
or unemployment compensation based upon any person's employment by the CITY prior to the
effective date of this Agreement.
13. In any CLAIMS that may arise from the performance of this Agreement, each Party shall seek its own
legal representation and bear the costs associated with such representation including any attorney
fees,
14. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, neither Party shall have any right under any legal
principle to be indemnified by the other Party or any of its employees or AGENTS in connection with
any CLAIM.
15. This Agreement does not, and is not intended to, impair, divest, delegate or contravene any
constitutional, statutory, and/or other legal right, privilege, power, obligation, duty or immunity of the
Parties. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as a waiver of governmental immunity for either
Party.
16. This Agreement does not, and is not intended to, create, by implication or otherwise, any direct or
indirect obligation, duty, promise, benefit, and/or right to be indemnified, or any other right of any kind
in favor of any person, organization, alleged third party beneficiary, or any right to be contractually,
legally, equitably or otherwise subrogated to any indemnification or any other rights provided under
the terms of this Agreement.
17. Neither the COUNTY nor any COUNTY AGENT, by virtue of this Agreement or otherwise, shall be
considered employees of the CITY. The COUNTY and/or any COUNTY AGENTS legal status and
relationship to the CITY shall be that of an Independent Contractor. No CITY FIRE PERSONNEL
shall, by virtue of this Agreement or otherwise, be considered an employee, agent, or working under
the supervision and control of the COUNTY and/or any COUNTY AGENT.
18. The CITY and the 0,C.S.O. shall each remain the sole and exclusive employer of each of their
respective employees. The CITY and COUNTY each agree to remain solely and exclusively
responsible for the payment of each of their respective employees' wages, compensation, overtime
wages, expenses, fringe benefits, pension, retirement benefits, training expenses, or other allowances
or reimbursements of any kind, including, but not limited to, workers' disability compensation,
unemployment compensation, Social Security Act protection and benefits, employment taxes, or any
other statutory or contractual right or benefit based, in any way, upon employment.
19. This Agreement does not, and is not it intended to, create, change, modify, supplement, supersede, or
otherwise affect or control, in any manner, any term or condition of employment of any COUNTY
AGENT, or any applicable 0.C.S.O. employment and/or union contract, any level or amount of
supervision, any standard of performance, any sequence or manner of performance, and/or any
0.C.S.O. rule, regulation, training and education standard, hours of work, shift assignment, order,
policies, procedure, directive, ethical guideline, etc., which shall solely and exclusively, govern and
control the employment relationship between the 0.C,S.O. and/or all conduct and actions of any
COUNTY AGENT.
20. Neither the CITY nor any CITY FIRE PERSONNEL shall provide, furnish or assign any COUNTY
AGENT with any job instructions, job descriptions, job specifications, or job duties, or, in any manner,
attempt to control, supervise, train, or direct any COUNTY AGENT in the performance of any
COUNTY duty or obligation under the terms of this Agreement,
21. The CITY shall promptly deliver to the 0.C.S.O. written notice and copies of any CLAIM, accusation or
allegation of negligence or other wrongdoing, whether civil or criminal in nature, that the CITY
becomes aware of which involves, in any way, the 0.C.S.O. or any COUNTY AGENT. The CITY shall
cooperate with the 0.C.S.O. in any investigation conducted by the SHERIFF of any act or
performance of any duties by any COUNTY AGENT.
Agreement shall become effective during the month sr..sectified in paragraph 10 and shall remain in
effect continuously until it expires. without ;any .further O CT. r notice being required of any party
This Agreement may be cancelled
for any reason, including the convenience of any Party, and without any penalty, before its March 31,
2012 expiration by delivering a written notice of the cancellation to the other signatories to this
Agreement, or their successors in office. Such written notice shall provide at least • • •
calendar days notice of the effective date of cancellation, and such cancellation of this
Agreement shall be effective at 11:59 P.M. on the last calendar day of the calendar month following
the expiration of the • • calendar day notice period. If this Agreement is terminated for any reason,
the CITY will fully reimburse the COUNTY for all direct and indirect labor costs incurred by the
COUNTY as a result of the Agreement's termination. Such costs include, but are not limited to,
unemployment compensation claims made by COUNTY employees hired by the COUNTY to fulfill the
terms of this Agreement.
23. This Agreement, and any subsequent amendments, shall not become effective prior to the approval
by the COUNTY Board of Commissioners and the duly-appointed Emergency ••:•••••••, • Manager of
the CITY or his successor in office, or, if no Emergency •;:•e:.••••:..:.:. Manager is in place, by resolution of
the CITY'S Governing Body. The approval and terms of this Agreement shall be entered into the
official minutes and proceedings of the COUNTY Board of Commissioners and CITY Council and shall
also be filed with the Office of the Clerk for the COUNTY and the CITY Clerk, In addition, this
22.
IN WITNESS VVHEREOF, Michael F. Stampfler, Emergency- .:• Manager for the
hereby acknowledges that he has been authorized by the
to
execute this Agreement on behalf of the CITY and hereby accepts and binds the CITY to the terms and
conditions of this Agreement on this day of 201
WITNESS: THE CITY OF PONTIAC,
Agreement, and any subsequent amendments, shall be filed by a designated COUNTY AGENT with
the Secretary of State for the State of Michigan and shall not become effective prior to the filing of this
Agreement with the Secretary of State.
24. Any signatory or any signatories' successor in office to this Agreement shall send, by first class mail,
any correspondence and written notices required or permitted by this Agreement to each of the
signatories of this Agreement, or any signatories' successor in office, to the addresses shown in this
Agreement. Any written notice required or permitted under this Agreement shall be considered
delivered to a party as of the date that such notice is deposited, with sufficient postage, with the U.S.
Postal Service.
25. This Agreement is made and entered into in the State of Michigan and shall in all respects be
interpreted, enforced and governed under the laws of the State of Michigan. The language of all parts
of this Agreement is intended to and, in ail cases, shall be construed as a whole, according to its fair
meaning, and not construed strictly for or against any Party. As used in this Agreement, the singular
or plural number, possessive or non-possessive, shall be deemed to include the other whenever the
context so suggests or requires.
26. Absent an express written waiver, the failure of any party to pursue any right granted under this
Agreement shall not be deemed a waiver of that right regarding any existing or subsequent breach or
default under this Agreement. No failure or delay on the part of any Party in exercising any right,
power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall a single or partial exercise of
any right, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise of any other right, power or
privilege.
27, The COUNTY and CITY acknowledge that this Agreement shall be binding upon them and, to the
extent permitted by law, upon their administrators, representatives, executors, successors and
assigns, and all persons acting by, through, under, or in concert with any of them.
28. This Agreement sets forth the entire contract and understanding between the COUNTY and CITY and
fully supersedes any and all prior contracts, agreements or understandings between them in any way
related to the subject matter hereof after the effective date of this Agreement shall remain effective
and enforceable for any CLAIM arising or occurring during any prior contract period. This Agreement
shall not be changed or supplemented orally. This Agreement may be amended only by concurrent
resolutions of the COUNTY Board of Commissioners and CITY Board of Trustees in accordance with
the procedures set forth herein.
29. Each Party shall comply with all federal, state, and local statutes, ordinances, regulations,
administrative rules, requirements applicable to its activities performed under this Agreement.
30. If a court of competent jurisdiction finds a term, or condition, of this Agreement to be illegal or invalid,
then the term, or condition, shall be deemed severed from this Agreement. All other terms, conditions,
and provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force.
31. For and in consideration of the mutual promises, acknowledgments, representations, and agreements
set forth in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy
of which is hereby acknowledged, the COUNTY and the CITY hereby agree and promise to be bound
by the terms and provisions of this Agreement„
a Michigan Municipal Corporation
BY:
MICHAEL F. STAMPFLER
Emergency Manager
iN-VVITNESS WHEREOF, BILL BULLARD, Jr., Chairperson, Oakland County Board of Commissioners,
hereby acknowledges that he has been authorized by a resolution of the Oakland County Board of
Commissioners (a certified copy of which is attached) to execute this amendment to the Current Agreement
on behalf of the COUNTY OF OAKLAND and hereby accepts and binds the COUNTY OF OAKLAND to the
I terms and conditions of this Agreement on this day of 201: D.
WITNESS: COUNTY OF OAKLAND, a Michigan
Municipal Corporation
BY:
Jr.
Chairperson, Oakland County Board of
Commissioner
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, MICHAEL J. BOUCHARD, in his official capacity as the OAKLAND COUNTY
SHERIFF, a Michigan Constitutional Office, hereby concurs and accepts the terms and conditions of this
I Agreement on this day of ,
WITNESS: OAKLAND COUNTY SHERIFF, a Michigan
Constitutional Officer
BY:
MICHAEL J. BOUCHARD,
Oakland County Sheriff
I 07.01,11
001111101n1
1 RIM ANNE
Resolution #11145 July 6, 2011
Moved by Dwyer supported by Middleton the resolution be adopted.
AYES: Middleton, Nuccio, Potts, Scott, Taub, Weipert, Bosnic, Crawford, Dwyer, Gingell,
Gosselin, Hoffman, Long, Matis. (14)
NAYS: Nash, Quarles, Woodward, Zack, Covey, Gershenson, Greimel, Hatchett, Jackson,
McGillivray. (10)
A sufficient majority having voted in favor, the resolution was adopted.
STATE OF MICHIGAN) 7 kill COUNTY OF OAKLAND)
I, Bill Bullard Jr., Clerk of the County of Oakland, do hereby certify that the foregoing resolution is a true
and accurate copy of a resolution adopted by the Oakland County Board of Commissioners on July 6,
2011, with the original record thereof now remaining in my office.
In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the County of Oakland at
Pontiac, Michigan this 6th day of July, 2011.