HomeMy WebLinkAboutResolutions - 2023.05.25 - 38238
AGENDA ITEM: 2023 Invasive Moth Suppression Program - Approval of Cost Participant
Agreements and Allocation of Funds
DEPARTMENT: Board of Commissioners
MEETING: Board of Commissioners
DATE: Thursday, May 25, 2023 7:28 PM - Click to View Agenda
ITEM SUMMARY SHEET
COMMITTEE REPORT TO BOARD
Resolution #2023-2967 _ 23-88
Motion to adopt the attached suggested resolution.
ITEM CATEGORY SPONSORED BY
Resolution Michael Spisz, Marcia Gershenson
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
A continuation of the Invasive Moth Suppression Program for 2023 to the CVTs in Oakland County.
POLICY ANALYSIS
This is a request for the Board to approve the projects of the participating Oakland County (OC)
cities, villages, and townships (CVT – see Schedule B) in the 2023 Invasive Moth Suppression
Program (Program) and to authorize the release of the Program funds from the Board of
Commissioners Special Projects account (#SC731822). On December of 2021, the Oakland County
(OC) Board of Commissioners approved MR #21475 that appropriated $250,000 for the 2022
Invasive Moth (Lymantria dispar) Program and MR #2022-2272_22-397 that appropriated
$156,165.14 (the remaining funds) for the 2023 Invasive Spongy Moth Suppression Program
(Program). The Program is a matching grant program for CVTs, in partnership with Michigan State
University Extension Program (MSUE), to suppress the Lymantria dispar population and improve
the environment of the County.
The County’s share for the 2023 Invasive Moth Suppression Program funding is $24,704.77. On
approval of the Board, the Chairman is authorized to enter into the cost participation agreement with
the participating CVT’s for the 2023 Program, as prepared by Corporation Counsel. A budget
amendment is not required as MR #21475 authorized the appropriation of $250,000 from the
Assigned Fund Balance to the Board of Commissioners Special Projects account.
BUDGET AMENDMENT REQUIRED: No
Committee members can contact Michael Andrews, Policy and Fiscal Analysis Supervisor at
248.425.5572 or andrewsmb@oakgov.com, or the department contact persons listed for additional
information.
CONTACT
Yolanda Smith Charles, Commissioner
ITEM REVIEW TRACKING
Yolanda Smith Charles, Board of Commissioners Created/Initiated - 5/25/2023
David Woodward, Board of Commissioners Approved - 5/25/2023
Hilarie Chambers, Executive's Office Approved - 5/30/2023
Lisa Brown, Clerk/Register of Deeds Final Approval - 5/30/2023
AGENDA DEADLINE: 06/04/2023 7:28 PM
ATTACHMENTS
1. Schedule B proj list2023.4.26.23
2. z.2023CPA.TEMPLATE.MP23.3.21.23
COMMITTEE TRACKING
2023-05-15 Economic Development & Infrastructure - Recommend to Board
2023-05-25 Full Board - Adopted
Motioned by: Commissioner Yolanda Smith Charles
Seconded by: Commissioner Christine Long
Yes: David Woodward, Michael Spisz, Penny Luebs, Karen Joliat, Kristen Nelson, Christine
Long, Robert Hoffman, Philip Weipert, Gwen Markham, Angela Powell, Marcia Gershenson,
William Miller III, Yolanda Smith Charles, Brendan Johnson, Ajay Raman (15)
No: None (0)
Abstain: None (0)
Absent: Charles Cavell, Gary McGillivray, Janet Jackson, Michael Gingell (4)
Passed
May 25, 2023
RESOLUTION #2023-2967 _ 23-88
Sponsored By: Michael Spisz, Marcia Gershenson
Board of Commissioners - 2023 Invasive Moth Suppression Program - Approval of Cost
Participant Agreements and Allocation of Funds
Chair and Members of the Board:
WHEREAS in December of 2021, the Oakland County (OC) Board of Commissioners approved MR
#21475 that appropriated $250,000 for the 2022 Invasive Moth (Lymantria dispar) Program and MR
#2022-2272_22-397 appropriated $156,165.14, the remaining funds, for the 2023 Invasive Spongy
Moth Suppression Program (Program); and
WHEREAS the Program is a matching grant program, in partnership with Michigan State University
Extension Program (MSUE), to assist OC’s cities, villages, and townships (CVTs) to suppress the
Lymantria dispar population and improve the environment of the County; and
WHEREAS the Board of Commissioners’ Invasive Moth Study Group approved the applications
submitted by the local CVT’s eligible under the 2023 Program; and
WHEREAS the County’s authorized share for the 2023 Invasive Moth Program is $24,704.77.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Oakland County Board of Commissioners hereby
approves the projects listed on the attached Schedule B and authorizes the release of funds from the
Board of Commissioners Special Projects account (#SC731822).
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board of Commissioners authorizes the Chair to execute the
attached cost participation agreement(s) with the participating CVT’s for the 2023 Oakland County
Invasive Spongy Moth Suppression Program, as prepared by Corporation Counsel.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Oakland County Clerk is requested to forward copies of this
resolution to Oakland County Fiscal Services and the CVT’s participating in the 2023 Invasive
Spongy Moth Suppression Program.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that a budget amendment is not required.
Chair, the following Commissioners are sponsoring the foregoing Resolution: Michael Spisz, Marcia
Gershenson.
Date: May 25, 2023
David Woodward, Commissioner
Date: May 30, 2023
Hilarie Chambers, Deputy County Executive II
Date: May 30, 2023
Lisa Brown, County Clerk / Register of Deeds
COMMITTEE TRACKING
2023-05-15 Economic Development & Infrastructure - Recommend to Board
2023-05-25 Full Board - Adopted
Motioned by Commissioner Yolanda Smith Charles seconded by Commissioner Christine Long to
adopt the attached Resolution: 2023 Invasive Moth Suppression Program - Approval of Cost
Participant Agreements and Allocation of Funds.
Yes: David Woodward, Michael Spisz, Penny Luebs, Karen Joliat, Kristen Nelson, Christine Long,
Robert Hoffman, Philip Weipert, Gwen Markham, Angela Powell, Marcia Gershenson, William
Miller III, Yolanda Smith Charles, Brendan Johnson, Ajay Raman (15)
No: None (0)
Abstain: None (0)
Absent: Charles Cavell, Gary McGillivray, Janet Jackson, Michael Gingell (4)
Passed
ATTACHMENTS
1. Schedule B proj list2023.4.26.23
2. z.2023CPA.TEMPLATE.MP23.3.21.23
STATE OF MICHIGAN)
COUNTY OF OAKLAND)
I, Lisa Brown, Clerk of the County of Oakland, do hereby certify that the foregoing resolution is a true
and accurate copy of a resolution adopted by the Oakland County Board of Commissioners on May
25, 2023, with the original record thereof now remaining in my office.
In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the Circuit Court at
Pontiac, Michigan on Thursday, May 25, 2023.
Lisa Brown, Oakland County Clerk / Register of Deeds
2023 Moth Program 4.26.23
SCHEDULE B
CVT CVT
Contribution
County
Contribution
Total
Project
Cost
Project No.Scope of Work
Oxford
Township $329 $329 $658 23002
Egg Mass Survey
Fieldwork - Vendor
Rochester
Hills $986.87
$986.86 $1,973.73 23003
Egg Mass Survey
Fieldwork - Staff
Hazel Park $3,807.40 $3,807.39 $7,614.79 23004 Egg Mass Survey
Fieldwork – Staff;
Mechanical-Ground
Spray - Vendor
Bloomfield
Township $9,952.50 $9,952.50 $19,905 23005
Egg Mass Survey
Fieldwork - Vendor
City of
Rochester $6,179.25 $6,179.25 $12,358.50 23006
Egg Mass Survey
Fieldwork - Vendor
City of
Farmington $1,355 $1,355 $2,710 23007
*Tree Defoliation
Survey mid-
summer - Vendor
Auburn Hills $163.07 $163.06 $326.13 23008 Egg Mass Survey
Fieldwork – Staff
Farmington
Hills $1,931.72 $1,931.71 $3,863.43 23009
MSUE Training for
Egg Mass Survey
Fieldwork – Staff;
Mechanical -Ground
Spray - Vendor
Total $24,704.81 $24,704.77 $49,409.58
*Approved by BOC Spongy Moth Committee.
OAKLAND COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Page 1 of 8
COST PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
OAKLAND COUNTY FY2023 INVASIVE SPONGY MOTH SUPPRESSION GRANT PROGRAM
COST PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
Participating Moth Suppression Community (the “Community”): CVT, MI
This Cost Participation Agreement (“Agreement”) is effective as of the date it has been signed by
both Parties, County of Oakland, Michigan, and CVT, Michigan, as indicated on page three of this
Agreement (“Effective Date”).
WHEREAS the County has established the Oakland County FY2023 Invasive Spongy Moth Suppression
Grant Program (the “Program”) to conduct spongy moth suppression in Oakland County communities to
treat and suppress Lymantria dispar (formerly known as Gypsy Moth), as further described in the Terms
and Policies of the Program set forth in Attachment A to this Agreement (the “Program Policies”). Limited
matching funds will be distributed as reimbursement for costs expended among qualifying Oakland County
Communities with approved Program Applications for specific, targeted areas to be treated; and
WHEREAS the Community has submitted to the County a 2023 Application Form seeking funds from the
Program relating to the project identified above (the “Project”) and as more fully described in such
Application and summarized in Attachment B of this Agreement and made a part hereof, and the County
has reviewed and approved the Community’s Application; and
WHEREAS the County desires to contribute funds to the Project in accordance with the terms of this
Agreement and subject to the Program Policies on a 1 to 1 match basis in an amount not to exceed the
limits set forth in this Agreement and in no instance exceeding thirty thousand dollars ($30,000.00); and
NOW THEREFORE in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements of the parties to this
Agreement, the parties agree as follows:
1.Community’s Representations and Warranties. The Community acknowledges and agrees to the
Program Policies and represents and warrants to the County that (i) the Project, and the
implementation thereof, is and will be consistent with the purposes of the Program, the description
of the Project set forth in the Community’s Application and in Attachment B to this Agreement, and in
compliance with the Program Policies; and (ii) any funds received from the County through the
Program or otherwise related to the Project shall solely be used by the Community for the permitted
expenses for the Project and for no other purpose.
2.Reporting Requirements. This is a reimbursement program. The Community shall submit a report to
the County after the completion of the Project describing in detail and with supporting documentation
as requested by the County to sufficiently evidence that the Project was completed in accordance with
the Program Policies, the Community’s Application, and Attachment B to this Agreement. Said report
and documentation must be received by the County on or before June 30, 2023.
3.Authorization to Publicize. The Community hereby authorizes and permits and grants a non-exclusive,
OAKLAND COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Page 2 of 8
COST PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
irrevocable license to the County, without further notice and action required by the Community or the
County, to use photographs, logos, published/printed information, and any other materials submitted
in the Program Application and/or Final Report to promote or otherwise publicize the County, the
Program, the Project and/or the Community in any manner or form, including, but not limited to, in
social media, press releases, advertisements, and/or publications of any nature.
4.No Guaranty of Participation. The Community acknowledges, understands, and agrees to all of the
following: (i) the funding provided by the County through the Program is meant to supplement, and
not replace, funding for existing moth suppression programs or projects engaged in by the Community;
(ii)there is no guarantee that the Program will be continued from year-to-year and the County expects
that most projects funded under the Program will be completed by the end of June 2023; and (iii)
there is no obligation on behalf of the County to either fund the Project or continue the Program in
the future.
5.Assumption of Liabilities and Responsibilities; Release. The Community assumes any and all
responsibilities, including, but not limited to, costs and expenses, and liabilities arising out of the
administration and implementation of the Project, and acknowledges and agrees that the County
shares no such responsibilities or liabilities in administering or implementing the Project or
maintaining the Project. The Community, on its behalf and on behalf of its employees, agents,
representatives, elected and appointed officials, and volunteers, agrees to not sue and to waive,
release, and forever discharge the County and its employees, agents, representatives, elected and
appointed officials, and volunteers from all liability, damages, injuries, claims, or demands of any
nature and for any reason (“Claims”) arising from or in any way connected to the Program and/or the
Project, including, but not limited to, any matters relating to treating and suppressing Lymantria
dispar, and shall indemnify and hold the County harmless against any third-party Claims.
6.Approval of Funding. In reliance on the representations and agreements made by the Community in
this Agreement and each document referenced herein, the County approves the funding of the Project
through the Program in the amount identified as “FY2023 INVASIVE SPONGY MOTH SUPPRESSION
Grant Program Award” set forth on Attachment B to this Agreement, which amount shall be paid as a
reimbursement to the Community by the County upon successful completion of the Project and
receipt by the County from the Community of a report and the documentation described in Section 2
of this Agreement and the Community’s performance of any and all other obligations set forth in this
Agreement or any document referenced herein. Said report and documentation must be received by
the County on or before June 30, 2023. If a Project is not completed in accordance with the Application
and as approved by the County and/or applicable report and documentation is not received by the
County on or before June 30, 2023, to its satisfaction, the County’s obligation to pay the
reimbursement funds under this Agreement is null and void. The online report and the documentation
described in Section 2 shall be received by the County on or before June 30, 2023.
7.References to the County and/or the Program. All marketing materials created, or references or
acknowledgments made by the Community regarding the receipt or use of funding under the Program
for the Project shall reference the County and the Program. The Community, through its authorized
representative, shall, upon the County’s request, execute a License Agreement for the use of the
OAKLAND COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Page 3 of 8
COST PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
County’s or Program’s name and/or any materials, logos, or items related thereto, provided, however,
the Community shall cease the use or reference to the County or the Program upon notice by the
County.
8.Counterpart and Electronic Signatures. This Agreement may be signed in counterparts which together
shall be deemed a fully executed document. Any signature to this Agreement delivered electronically
shall be deemed an original signature to this Agreement.
Application ID Number: MG
Purchasing / Fiscal: FND10100-CCN5010101-PRG174020-SC731822
County Project Number: PN
Reimbursement Award Amount: $
The parties to this Agreement have executed this Agreement as indicated below.
OAKLAND COUNTY
Signed:
Title: Chairman, Board of Commissioners
Payment Approved by:
Patti Dib, Chief of Staff - Board of Commissioners
COMMUNITY
Signed:
Title:
OAKLAND COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Page 4 of 8
COST PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
Attachment A
OAKLAND COUNTY FY2023 INVASIVE SPONGY MOTH SUPPRESSION GRANT PROGRAM
Program Policies
1.STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
1.1. Recognizing a continuing need to conduct invasive moth suppression in Oakland County
communities, Oakland County Government wishes to administer a discretionary spongy moth
suppression program that will allow the County to assist Oakland County communities with the
identification, treatment and suppression of spongy moth (Lymantria dispar), formerly known as
Gypsy Moth.
1.2. Limited matching funds will be distributed on a first come first serve basis by the County as
reimbursement for costs expended among qualifying Oakland County Communities with approved
Program Applications.
2.PROGRAM SUMMARY
2.1. The Oakland County Board of Commissioners established the Oakland County FY2023 Invasive
Spongy Moth Suppression Grant Program (the “Program”), in partnership with Michigan State
University Extension (“MSUE”), to identify, treat and suppress spongy moth (Lymantria dispar),
formerly known as gypsy moth, in Oakland County communities. The Program is a matching grant
program for all cities, villages, and townships within Oakland County. The limited matching funds
will be distributed as reimbursement for costs expended among qualifying Communities with
approved Oakland County FY2023 Invasive Spongy Moth Suppression Program applications.
Communities can apply for this grant for egg mass survey field work “Survey” and spring 2023
treatment.
2.2. Each Community seeking funds through the Program shall do all of the following: 1) attend required
training session held by MSUE or contract with a professional survey vendor, 2) submit map(s)
showing proposed treatment areas, 3) submit a copy of local elected governing body (City Council,
Village Council or Township Board) certified Resolution of Approval, including the person authorized
to sign for the Community, 4) fully complete a FY2023 Invasive Spongy Moth Suppression Program
Application Form (an “Application”), and 5) if the County approves such Application, execute a Cost
Participation Agreement as presented by the County. Submission of an Application by a Community
does not entitle the Community to participate in the Program nor an award of any grant funds. Any
funding under the Program is subject to the sole discretion of the County.
2.3. Participating communities are required to provide a 1 to 1 match of their awarded grant amount.
The total amount of grant funds that the County may award to the Community under the Program
shall not exceed thirty thousand dollars ($30,000.00). The County’s matching funds will only cover
the direct costs for: 1a) a contracted professional survey vendor in an amount not to exceed ten
thousand dollars ($10,000); OR 1b) for staff time to attend required MSUE training and to conduct
OAKLAND COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Page 5 of 8
COST PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
field survey work in an amount not to exceed two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500); and 2)
treatment directly related to spongy moth suppression.
2.4. The Community shall be reimbursed for the cost of survey work contingent on 1) completing
treatment using approved methods OR 2) it has been determined by a professional survey vendor
or MSUE that infestation does not warrant treatment.
2.5. The Community’s administration expenses will not be matched by County grant funds. The Cost
Participation Agreement must be fully executed and a final report with documentation must be
received by the County on or before June 30, 2023, in order for the Community to be reimbursed.
3.PROJECT GUIDELINES
3.1. Program Funding:
3.1.1. Shall be utilized for direct costs for a professional survey vendor or for community staff
and/or volunteer time to attend required MSUE training, to conduct field egg mass survey
work, and to supplement and enhance treatments directly related to spongy moth
suppression in Oakland County communities utilizing aerial spraying or other approved
mechanical treatment methods.
3.1.2. Shall not be utilized for spongy moth suppression treatments conducted prior to 2023.
3.1.3. Participating communities are required to provide a 1 to 1 match of their awarded grant
amount.
3.1.4. County funds cannot exceed $30,000 per community.
3.1.5. Shall not be utilized for administration expenses.
3.1.6. Shall be utilized to reimburse Communities for egg mass survey field work and/or treatments
identified in an executed Cost Participation Agreement.
3.2. Survey:
3.2.1. If the Community contracts with a professional survey vendor to perform egg mass survey
field work, then the following conditions apply:
3.2.1.1. The Community may select from either the County’s pre-qualified vendor or their
own selected vendor.
3.2.1.2. If the Community contracts with their own selected vendor, a professional
certification is required (i.e., ISA-Certified Arborist or Professional Forester).
3.2.1.3. Surveys are to include spongy moth egg mass count, analysis, treatment
recommendations, treatment area mapping (if applicable), and a final survey
assessment document.
3.2.1.4. The Community will be required to contract directly with the professional survey
vendor and pay all invoices in full.
3.2.1.5. Maps of all areas designated for treatment (both mechanical and aerial spray
methods) shall be provided to the County on or before February 17, 2023.
3.2.1.6. County’s matching funds shall not exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000) for Egg
Mass Survey Field Work.
OAKLAND COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Page 6 of 8
COST PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
3.2.2. If the Community uses designated staff and/or volunteers to perform egg mass survey field
work, then the following conditions apply:
3.2.2.1. Designated staff and/or volunteers are required to attend a training session held by
MSUE.
3.2.2.2. Designated staff and/or volunteers conduct egg mass survey field work and prepare
treatment area maps.
3.2.2.3. Surveys are to include spongy moth egg mass counts.
3.2.2.4. Maps of all areas designated for treatment (both mechanical and aerial spray
methods) shall be provided to the County on or before February 17, 2023.
3.2.2.5. County’s matching funds shall not exceed two thousand five hundred dollars
($2,500) for Designated staff and/or volunteers to conduct Egg Mass Survey Field
Work.
3.2.3. The Community shall be reimbursed for the cost of Egg Mass Survey Field Work contingent
upon:
3.2.3.1. Completion of treatment using approved methods; Or
3.2.3.2. It has been determined by a professional survey vendor or MSUE that treatment is
not warranted.
3.3. Treatment:
3.3.1. Treatment must occur on or after the execution date of the cost participation agreement.
3.3.2. If the Community uses the aerial spraying method to treat approved sites, the Community
may select from either Oakland County’s pre-qualified vendor or their own selected vendor
to perform the treatment.
3.3.3. Regardless of the vendor, County grant funds will be reimbursed to Community at the lowest
per acre rate among the vendors and the Community will be required to contract directly
with the treatment vendor of their choice and pay all invoices in full.
3.3.4. If the Community uses approved mechanical treatment methods, then the County’s
matching funds will only cover costs for the purchase of materials for sticky bands, burlap
tree bands, ground spraying, egg mass scraping.
3.3.5. Local Elected Governing Body Resolution of Approval:
3.3.5.1. Each Application shall be accompanied by a certified copy of a resolution of the
Community’s elected governing body (city council, village council, township board)
approving the Community’s participation in the Program (including the
appropriation of the required funds to fund the Community’s obligations under the
Program to complete the Project(s)), authorizing application for the Program,
designating the person authorized to sign on the Community’s behalf, and
certifying the Community’s commitment to complying with the Program’s
OAKLAND COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Page 7 of 8
COST PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
requirements.
4.ADMINISTRATION
4.1. Funding for Projects through the Program may be appropriated annually by the County but is not
guaranteed. Funding availability shall be determined annually through the budget process.
4.2. Program funding may be reduced or eliminated based upon the ability of the County to meet its
primary constitutional and statutory duties. The County expressly reserves the right to adjust the
County matching funds share at any time based upon County budget needs.
4.3. The amount of funds available for match shall be determined by the total amount of funds allocated
by the County added to an equal amount representing the match provided by the participating
Communities.
4.4. The County shall administer the Program in partnership with MSUE.
5.DISBURSEMENT
5.1. The County shall forward an approved Program Award Summary and a Cost Participation
Agreement to each participating Community for local approval.
5.2. Minimally, each Application shall include: the Community’s responsibility for administering the
Project, the Project location, purpose, scope, estimated costs, including supporting details,
provisions ensuring compliance with project guidelines, as well as disbursement eligibility
requirements. The Cost Participation Agreement shall require the maintenance and delivery of
supporting documentation to ensure compliance with the following provisions:
5.2.1. Any and all supporting documentation for Project expenditures reimbursed with
appropriated funding through the Program shall be maintained a minimum of seven years
from the date of final reimbursement for actual expenditures incurred.
5.2.2. The Oakland County Fiscal Services Division reserves the right to audit all Project
expenditures reimbursed through the Program.
5.3. The deadline for submitting the Application is November 4, 2022, at 4:00 p.m.
5.4. Upon completion by the Community of its Project, the Community shall submit a final online report
and documentation in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the Cost Participation
Agreement. Said report and documentation must be received by the County on or before June
30, 2023, to receive a reimbursement payment. The Oakland County Department of Management
and Budget Fiscal Services Division shall process payments in accordance with its policies and
procedures.
OAKLAND COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Page 8 of 8
COST PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT
ATTACHMENT B
OAKLAND COUNTY FY2023 INVASIVE SPONGY MOTH SUPPRESSION GRANT PROGRAM
Program Award Summary
Application ID Number: MG
Participating Community (the “Community”): CVT MI
Project Description:
PROJECT BUDGET
COMMUNITY PROJECT COST BREAKDOWN
COMMUNITY General Funds or Local Restricted Funds: (ACTUAL COST) $-0-
COMMUNITY Force Account Labor: (ACTUAL COST) $
COMMUNITY Volunteer Labor: (ACTUAL COST) $-0-
Egg Mass Survey (Vendor): (ACTUAL COST) $-0-
Treatment: (ACTUAL COST) $-0-
TOTAL FY2023 Invasive Spongy Moth Suppression Reimbursement Program: (AWARD) $
TOTAL Community Match: (MATCH)* $
Total Program Costs (All project costs): (TOTAL) $
TREATMENT MUST OCCUR ON OR AFTER THE EXECUTION DATE OF THE COST PARTICIPATION
AGREEMENT
*Total Community Match shall equal or exceed award amount.