HomeMy WebLinkAboutReports - 2023.12.07 - 40873
AGENDA ITEM: Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan
DEPARTMENT: Emergency Management & Homeland Security
MEETING: Board of Commissioners
DATE: Thursday, December 7, 2023 6:00 PM - Click to View Agenda
ITEM SUMMARY SHEET
COMMITTEE REPORT TO BOARD
Resolution #2023-3506
Motion to adopt the Hazard Mitigation Plan as an official Plan of Oakland County and authorize the
Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security Department to supervise and
implement the Plan's recommendations within the funding limitations as provided by Oakland
County and other sources.
ITEM CATEGORY SPONSORED BY
Resolution Penny Luebs
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
FEMA requires each county to update their Hazard Mitigation Plan every 5 years. Using grant funds
provided by FEMA, Emergency Management worked with a contractor to update the county's plan.
Oakland County, Michigan, is subject to flooding, tornadoes, winter storms, and other natural,
technological, and human hazards. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
Assistance Hazard Mitigation Grant Program administered by the Federal Emergency Management
Agency provides grants to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures before and after a
disaster. VIA MR #2023-2815, grant funding in an amount up to $162,000 was accepted from the
State of Michigan to complete this plan. To remain eligible to receive mitigation monies, Oakland
County prepared a Hazard Mitigation Plan for the County and all communities in the County. The
Plan is a tool for reducing the risks from natural and man-made hazards and for providing a guide to
commit resources that will reduce the effects of the hazards. The Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland Security Department and Local Emergency Planning Committee
(LEPC) comprised of representatives from the County, cities, townships, villages, and stakeholder
organizations, along with community residents, business owners, and local agencies has prepared
and reviewed a Hazard Mitigation Plan which contains therein options to protect people and reduce
damages from hazards. The Plan is an official document of the County and the communities therein.
The LEPC has been established as the County Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee, pursuant to
the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (PL-106-390) and associated regulations (44CFR 210.6).
Adoption by Oakland County demonstrates its commitment to hazard mitigation and achieving the
goals outlined in the Plan.
BUDGET AMENDMENT REQUIRED: No
Committee members can contact Michael Andrews, Policy and Fiscal Analysis Supervisor at
248.425.5572 or andrewsmb@oakgov.com, or the department contact persons listed for additional
information.
CONTACT
Thom Hardesty, Director Emergency Management & Homeland Security
ITEM REVIEW TRACKING
Aaron Snover, Board of Commissioners Created/Initiated - 12/7/2023
AGENDA DEADLINE: 12/07/2023 6:00 PM
ATTACHMENTS
1. OaklandCounty2023.HMP.Volume I
2. OaklandCounty2023.HMP.Volume II
COMMITTEE TRACKING
2023-11-28 Public Health & Safety - Recommend to Board
2023-12-07 Full Board - Adopt
Motioned by: Commissioner Charles Cavell
Seconded by: Commissioner Ajay Raman
Yes: David Woodward, Michael Spisz, Michael Gingell, Penny Luebs, Karen Joliat, Kristen
Nelson, Christine Long, Robert Hoffman, Philip Weipert, Gwen Markham, Angela Powell, Marcia
Gershenson, William Miller III, Yolanda Smith Charles, Charles Cavell, Brendan Johnson, Ajay
Raman, Ann Erickson Gault (18)
No: None (0)
Abstain: None (0)
Absent: (0)
Passed
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Table of Contents | 1
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Table of Contents | 2
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Hazard Mitigation and Hazards ........................................................................................................................... 3
References ................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Chapter 2: Plan Process ................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Defining the Planning Area ................................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Establishment of the Planning Partnership......................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Plan Participation ................................................................................................................................................ 3
2.4 Public Involvement and Participation ............................................................................................................... 10
2.5 Equity Considerations for Underserved Communities and Socially Vulnerable Populations ........................... 12
2.6 Existing Plans, Studies, and Reports ................................................................................................................. 14
2.7 Plan Adoption ................................................................................................................................................... 14
References .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
Chapter 3: Community Profile .............................................................. 3-1
3.1 Historical Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 1
3.2 Geography and Climate ...................................................................................................................................... 2
3.3 Land Use Patterns ............................................................................................................................................... 2
3.4 Housing Trends ................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.5 Transportation Network ..................................................................................................................................... 6
3.6 Population and Demographic Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 6
3.7 Economic Characteristics .................................................................................................................................. 10
3.8 FEMA Community Risk Index ............................................................................................................................ 11
3.9 Community Resilience ...................................................................................................................................... 12
3.10 Social Vulnerability and Underserved Populations ......................................................................................... 12
3.11 Community Services/Organizations ................................................................................................................ 16
3.12 Critical Assets .................................................................................................................................................. 17
References .............................................................................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 4: Hazard Profile & Risk Assessment ................................................... 4-1
4.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
4.2 Risk Assessment Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 2
4.3 FEMA NRI Risk Scores ......................................................................................................................................... 7
4.4 Overall Risk Scores ............................................................................................................................................ 10
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4.5 Drought ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.6 Earthquake ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
4.7 Extreme Heat .................................................................................................................................................... 38
4.8 Flooding ............................................................................................................................................................ 48
4.9 High-Hazard Dams ............................................................................................................................................ 71
4.10 Fog ................................................................................................................................................................ 112
4.11 Severe Summer Storms ................................................................................................................................. 116
4.12 Severe Winter Storms ................................................................................................................................... 133
4.13 Subsidence .................................................................................................................................................... 143
4.14 Tornado ......................................................................................................................................................... 146
4.15 Wildfire ......................................................................................................................................................... 160
Manmade/Technological Hazards ........................................................................................................................ 169
4.16 Active Shooter/Active Assailant .................................................................................................................... 170
4.17 Cybersecurity ................................................................................................................................................ 173
4.18 Fire: Structural .............................................................................................................................................. 176
4.19 Gas/Oil Shortages, Supply Disruptions, and Related Accidents .................................................................... 180
4.20 HAZMAT: Fixed Site ....................................................................................................................................... 185
4.21 HAZMAT: Transportation/Rail ....................................................................................................................... 187
4.22 Infrastructure Failure: Bridges, Roads, and Overpasses ............................................................................... 190
4.23 Infrastructure Failure: Communications ....................................................................................................... 193
4.24 Infrastructure Failure: Electrical Systems ..................................................................................................... 195
4.25 Infrastructure Failure: Invasive Species ........................................................................................................ 197
4.26 Infrastructure Failure: Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) ................................................................................. 200
4.27 Infrastructure Failure: Stormwater System .................................................................................................. 202
4.28 Infrastructure Failure: Water System ........................................................................................................... 205
4.29 Nuclear Incident: Power Plant Accident ....................................................................................................... 208
4.30 Sociopolitical Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social Unrest) .............................................................................. 210
4.31 Terrorism and Sabotage ................................................................................................................................ 213
4.32 Transportation Accident: Air ......................................................................................................................... 216
4.33 Transportation Accident: Highway ............................................................................................................... 219
4.34 Transportation Accident: Marine .................................................................................................................. 227
4.35 Transportation Accident: Rail ....................................................................................................................... 230
4.36 Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) ......................................................................................................... 234
Other Hazards of Concern..................................................................................................................................... 236
4.37 Public Health Emergencies ............................................................................................................................ 236
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Table of Contents | 4
References ............................................................................................................................................................ 239
Chapter 5: Capabilities and Integration of Mitigation Measures .................................... 5-1
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
5.2 Building Codes..................................................................................................................................................... 1
5.3 Planning & Regulatory Capabilities ..................................................................................................................... 2
5.4 Financial Capabilities ........................................................................................................................................... 8
5.5 Warning, Education, and Outreach Capabilities ............................................................................................... 12
5.6 Administrative and Technical Capabilities & Support ....................................................................................... 16
References .............................................................................................................................................................. 18
Chapter 6: Mitigation Goals & Changes in Priority ............................................... 6-1
6.1 Goals ................................................................................................................................................................... 1
6.2 Changes in Priority .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Chapter 7: Mitigation Strategies and Actions ................................................... 7-1
7.1 Mitigation Action Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 1
7.2 Mitigation Projects .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Chapter 8: Plan Maintenance ............................................................... 8-1
8.1 Formal Review Process ........................................................................................................................................ 1
8.2 Continued Public Involvement ............................................................................................................................ 2
8.3 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Updating the Plan .................................................................................................. 2
8.4 Annual Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee Planning Meetings ................................................................... 5
8.5 Implementation through Existing Programs ....................................................................................................... 6
Appendix A: Plan Participation and Documentation ............................................. A-1
A.1 Mitigation Webinar Participation ....................................................................................................................... 1
A.2 Mitigation Workshops ........................................................................................................................................ 3
A.3 Other Meeting Documentation ........................................................................................................................ 18
Appendix B: Public Involvement Activities and Documentation .................................... B-1
B.1 Community Hazard Mitigation Survey ................................................................................................................ 1
B.2 Public Meeting Announcements/News Releases ............................................................................................... 4
B.3 Public Meeting Documentation .......................................................................................................................... 6
B.4 Public Outreach Activities & Draft Review........................................................................................................ 12
Appendix C: Report for 2023 Oakland County and Municipality Hazard Mitigation Questionnaire ......... C-1
Appendix D: Jurisdiction Participation & Sign-in Sheets (FOUO) .................................... D-1
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D.1 Jurisdiction Participation .................................................................................................................................... 2
D.2 Sign-in Sheets ................................................................................................................................................... 69
D.2.1 Public Meeting ............................................................................................................................................... 69
D.2.3 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan – A Draft Review ............................................................................ 81
Appendix E: Maps (FOUO) ................................................................. E-1
Appendix F: Disadvantaged Communities ..................................................... F-1
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Chapter 1 | Introduction | 1-1
Chapter 1: Introduction
Oakland County, Michigan is subject to natural and man-made hazards that can threaten life,
health, property and the environment. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
Assistance Act, as amended, and 44 CFR Part 201, require local governments to develop a
Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan (Plan or HMP) that iden�fies strategies to minimize the impact of these
hazards in order to be eligible for pre- or post-disaster mi�ga�on funding. In response, Oakland
County prepared a mul�-jurisdic�onal Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan, dated January 17, 2005, and
completed the first update in 2012 to beter understand Oakland County hazards, their impacts
and to iden�fy ways to mi�gate those risks. The second update took place in 2017. This Plan
represents the fourth itera�on of the hazard mi�ga�on plan for the county.
The following communi�es are par�cipa�ng in this plan.
Participating Jurisdictions
Oakland County
Addison, Township of
Auburn Hills, City of
Berkley, City of
Beverly Hills, Village of
Bingham Farms, Village of
Birmingham, City of
Bloomfield Hills, City of
Bloomfield, Township of
Brandon, Township of
Clarkston, City of
Clawson, City of
Commerce, Township of
Farmington, City of
Farmington Hills, City of
Ferndale, City of
Franklin, Village of
Groveland, Township of
Hazel Park, City of
Highland, Township of
Holly, Township of
Holly, Village of
Huntington Woods, City of
Independence, Township of
Keego Harbor, City of
Lake Angelus, City of
Lake Orion, Village of
Lathrup Village, City of
Leonard, Village of
Lyon, Township of
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Chapter 1 | Introduction | 1-2
Madison Heights, City of
Milford, Township of
Milford, Village of
Northville, City of
Novi, City of
Novi, Township of
Oakland, Township of
Oak Park, City of
Orchard Lake, City of
Orion, Township of
Ortonville, Village of
Oxford, Township of
Oxford, Village
Pleasant Ridge, City of
Pontiac, City of
Rochester, City of
Rochester Hills, City of
Rose, Township of
Royal Oak, City of
Royal Oak, Township of
Southfield, City of
South Lyon, City of
Southfield, Township of
Springfield, Township
Sylvan Lake, City of
Troy, City
Walled Lake, City
Waterford, Township of
West Bloomfield, Township of
White Lake, Township of
Wixom, City of
Wolverine, Village of
This is a mul�-jurisdic�onal hazard mi�ga�on plan, and seeks to iden�fy the county’s and
individual communi�es’ hazards and understand their impact on vulnerable assets, including
residents and property. With that understanding, the plan sets forth solu�ons that, if
implemented, have the poten�al to significantly reduce threat to life and property. The plan is
based on the premise that hazard mi�ga�on works. With increased aten�on to managing
natural, technological, and manmade hazards, communi�es can reduce the threats to ci�zens
and through proper land use and emergency planning can avoid crea�ng new problems in the
future. Many solu�ons can be implemented at minimal cost and social impact.
This is not an emergency response or management plan. Certainly, the plan can be used to
iden�fy weaknesses and refocus emergency response planning. Enhanced emergency response
planning is an important mi�ga�on strategy. However, the focus of this plan is to support beter
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 1 | Introduction | 1-3
decision-making directed toward avoidance of future risk and the implementa�on of ac�vi�es
or projects that will eliminate or reduce the risk for those that may already have exposure to a
hazard threat.
The Oakland County Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan was also created with the goal of substan�ally and
permanently reducing the county’s vulnerability to hazards through sound public policy. By
increasing public awareness of poten�al harm, documen�ng resources for risk reduc�on and
loss preven�on, and iden�fying ac�vi�es to guide the development of less vulnerable and more
sustainable communi�es, this plan aims to protect ci�zens, cri�cal facili�es, infrastructure,
private property, and the natural environment.
1.1 Purpose
This plan exists to iden�fy natural and manmade hazard threats to the community, prepare
mi�ga�on management strategies to address those threats, develop short-term and long-term
goals and objec�ves for mi�ga�on planning, and to fulfill federal, state, and local hazard
mi�ga�on planning obliga�ons. The intent of this plan is to enhance awareness of and provide
mi�ga�on strategies for elected officials, agencies, and the public and develop ac�ons that will
minimize nega�ve outcomes to Oakland County’s ci�zens, the economy, and the environment
due to poten�al natural and manmade hazard threats. The well-being of the county and local
communi�es rests on reducing risks to life and property in the event of a hazard event or
emergency/disaster.
1.2 Hazard Mitigation and Hazards
1.2.1 Hazard Mitigation
Hazard mi�ga�on is defined as cost-effec�ve ac�ons that have the effect of reducing, limi�ng,
or preven�ng the vulnerability of people, culture, property, and the environment to poten�ally
damaging, harmful, or costly hazards. Hazard mi�ga�on measures, which can be used to
eliminate or minimize the risk to life, culture, and property, fall into three categories:
1. Those that keep the hazard away from people, property, and structures;
2. Those that keep people, property, or structures away from the hazard; and
3. Those that reduce the impact of the hazard on vic�ms, e.g., insurance.
Hazard mi�ga�on measures must be prac�cal, cost effec�ve, and culturally, environmentally,
and poli�cally acceptable. Ac�ons taken to limit the vulnerability of society to hazards must not,
in themselves, be costlier than the an�cipated damages.
Hazard mi�ga�on planning must be based on vulnerabili�es and its primary focus must be on
the point where capital investment and land use decisions are made. The placement of capital
investments, whether for homes, roads, public u�li�es, pipelines, or public works, determine to
a large extent, the nature and degree of a community’s hazard vulnerability. Once a capital
facility is in place, there is litle opportunity to reduce hazard vulnerability through correc�on of
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Chapter 1 | Introduction | 1-4
errors in loca�on or construc�on. It is for this reason that o�en the most effec�ve mi�ga�on
tools are zoning and other ordinances that manage development in high-vulnerability areas and
building codes that ensure new buildings are constructed to withstand the damaging forces of
an�cipated hazards.
1.2.1 Hazards
The hazards analyzed in this plan include the following:
Natural Hazards
• Drought
• Earthquake
• Extreme Heat
• Flooding – Riverine and Urban/Depressional
• Fog
• Invasive Species
• High Hazard Dams
• Severe Summer Storms
o Thunderstorms
o Lightning
o Microbursts/High Winds
o Hailstorms
• Severe Winter Storms
o Extreme Cold
o Ice and Sleet Storms
o Snowstorm/Blizzard
• Subsidence
o Natural
o Mining
• Tornadoes
• Wildfires
Manmade/Technological Hazards
Although non-natural hazards are not required by FEMA for inclusion in a hazard mi�ga�on
plan, Oakland County wishes to rank and mi�gate against a comprehensive list of hazard events
that could impact the county. Due to both the nature of non-natural hazards and the
discre�onary status regarding their inclusion, the following hazards of interest have been briefly
and qualita�vely assessed for the sake of public educa�on and informing their inclusion within
the hazard ranking and mi�ga�on process.
• Ac�ve Shooter/Ac�ve Assailant
• Cybersecurity
• Fire (Structural)
• Gas/Oil Shortages or Supply Disrup�ons
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Chapter 1 | Introduction | 1-5
o Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Accidents
• HAZMAT Incidents
o Fixed Site
o Transporta�on/Rail
• Infrastructure Failure
o Bridges, Roads, Overpasses
o Communica�ons
o Electrical Systems
o Invasive Species
o Sewer System
o Storm Water System
o Water System
• Nuclear Incidents
o Power Plant Accidents
• Sociopoli�cal Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social Unrest)
• Terrorism and Sabotage
• Transporta�on Accidents
o Air
o Highway
o Marine
o Rail
• Weapons of Mass Destruc�on
Other Hazards of Concern
• Public Health Emergencies
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Chapter 1 | Introduction | 1-6
References
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2022, April 19). Local Mitigation Planning
Policy Guide. Retrieved on March 28, 2023. Retrieved
from: htps://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fOEM_local-mi�ga�on-planning-
policy-guide_042022.pdf
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Chapter 2 | Plan Process | 2-1
Chapter 2: Plan Process
The Plan was prepared to provide a basis for iden�fying and managing natural hazards and to
meet federal, state, and local requirements for hazard mi�ga�on and FEMA mi�ga�on grant
funding. This Plan is designed to comply with requirements of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended, and Related Authori�es and 44 CFR Part 201,
which states that local governments, to be eligible for pre-disaster and/or post-disaster
mi�ga�on funds, must have an approved Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan in place. The Plan is also
designed to comply with the Federal Emergency Management Act, Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) and Michigan State Police Emergency Management and
Homeland Security Division Mi�ga�on Recovery Sec�on (EMHSD) guidance documents
(par�cularly the Local Mul�-Hazard Mi�ga�on Planning Guidebook and Local Mi�ga�on
Planning Policy Guide) and other applicable federal, state and local regula�ons. This was
accomplished by evalua�ng the impacts of known natural and man-made hazards, priori�zing
mi�ga�on alterna�ves and coordina�ng hazard mi�ga�on with other Oakland County programs
and policies.
Updating the Plan began with an initial kickoff meeting with the Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland Security Planning Team, which was held on April 25th, 2023.
Following this meeting, the planning process involved a review of the existing Plan; updating
Oakland County's hazard history and risk assessment; gathering information on local hazards
from individual communities; gathering input on hazard priorities; identifying specific
vulnerabilities, impacts, and desired mitigation strategies; evaluating the previous Plan goals,
and mitigation strategies; determining the status of previous mitigation strategies and Action
Plans; identifying repetitive loss properties; facilitating the activities of the steering committee
and conducting multiple stakeholder and public meetings, including outreach activities.
Information regarding hazards in the county and applicable mitigation strategies were obtained
from four webinars held on June 9th, 2023, June 15th, 2023 (morning and afternoon session),
and June 16th, 2023, and three workshops held in the county on July 17th, July 19th, and July
20th. An Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan – A Draft Review meeting was held on
September 27, 2023.
In summary, the planning process consisted of the following key tasks:
Task 1: Organize Resources
The Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security created a planning team
to attend meetings, gather data and historical information, review drafts, and participate in
mitigation brainstorming sessions. In addition to the core planning team, a steering committee
was formed to provide overall guidance and direction throughout the mitigation planning
process (see Steering Committee).
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Task 2: Risk Assessment
The planning team identified the hazards to include in this Plan, as well as hazard profiles to
address the probability, extent, vulnerabilities, and impacts associated with each hazard. The
team then used local resources to inventory the county’s assets and estimate losses. The core
planning team, steering committee, and jurisdictional representatives provided input and
subject-matter expertise throughout this process.
Task 3: Public Involvement
A comprehensive public survey was conducted and reached 933 residents. As part of this
survey, steering committee members, community representatives, and the general public were
asked to rate each of the hazards in terms of perceived risk. They were also asked to rate
“mitigation importance” for each of the identified hazards in the Plan. Local jurisdictions shared
the meeting information on their websites, Facebook pages, X (formerly Twitter) accounts, and
community newsletters. Information from this survey was used to inform the hazard risk
prioritization process and to ensure the Plan adequately addressed the public's concerns and
priorities. A public forum was advertised and was held in the county on July 19th, 2023, which
provided local residents with an opportunity to provide input into the Plan. A draft of the Plan
was made available on the County web site for review and comment. The September 27, 2023,
draft review meeting was made available for stakeholders and the public to attend. A video of
the meeting was also posted for those not able to attend.
Task 4: Develop Mitigation Strategies
The planning team met with representatives of each participating community to develop and
prioritize mitigation strategies and action items that would reduce the costs of disaster
response and recovery, protect people and infrastructure, and minimize overall disruption to
the county in the event of a disaster (see Chapter 7: Mitigation Strategies and Actions).
Task 5: Complete the Plan
The core planning team compiled all of the relevant sections of the Plan to produce a draft plan
for review. The Plan was submitted to the Michigan State Police, Emergency Management and
Homeland Security Division’s (MSP/EMHSD) Mitigation Program and to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency for review.
Task 6: Plan Adoption
The Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security coordinated the effort to
ensure the Plan was formally adopted by each participating jurisdiction.
Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan History
This mul�-jurisdic�onal Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan (the Plan or HMP) was originally created in 2005.
It was updated in 2011/2012 for Oakland County, and the communi�es within Oakland County,
to beter understand natural and man-made hazards and their impacts and to iden�fy ways to
mi�gate those hazards to protect the health, safety and economic interests of its residents. The
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plan was again updated in 2017/2018. The current 2023 update includes each of the 62
communi�es within Oakland County, and builds on the previous updates.
2.1 Defining the Planning Area
The planning area is defined as all incorporated and unincorporated areas of Oakland County,
as well as the incorporated areas that cross county boundaries. As such, Oakland County, which
includes the unincorporated areas in the County, and 62 participating jurisdictions intend to
adopt and implement the Plan. All partners to this Plan have jurisdictional authority within this
planning area.
2.2 Establishment of the Planning Partnership
Each jurisdiction participating in the Plan was asked to provide a designated point of contact for
the jurisdiction and confirmed the jurisdiction’s commitment to the process and understanding
of expectations. A list of the participating jurisdictions is provided in Chapter 1: Introduction.
2.3 Plan Participation
2.3.1 Core Planning Team
The core planning team consisted of key members of Oakland County Emergency Management
and Homeland Security and Integrated Solutions Consulting. The Oakland County Oakland
County Emergency Management and Homeland Security provided contract administration,
participation on the Steering Committee, local matching funds for the development of this Plan
(in the form of staff salaries and direct expenses), Geographic Information System (GIS) data,
technical and regional information, meeting facilities and printing and duplication services.
Oakland County continued to be instrumental in assisting in the preparation of county maps
and data, providing a meeting location for the workshops, and coordinating various Oakland
County departments. Oakland County is responsible for utilization, updating and oversight of
the Plan and supporting local units of government with grant funding.
Meetings were held bi-weekly throughout the planning process. Key members of the core
planning team are provided below.
Table 2-1. Core Planning Team
Name Title Organiza�on
Thom Hardesty Director
Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland
Security
Michael Kamenec Emergency Management Specialist
Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland
Security
Robert Seeley Chief
Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland
Security
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2.3.2 Steering Committee
Hazard mitigation planning enhances collaboration and support among diverse parties whose
interests can be affected by hazard losses.
During the 2023 update of the Plan, the steering committee agreed to meet as often as needed
throughout the course of the plan’s development. The core planning team facilitated each
steering committee meeting, which addressed a set of objectives based on the work plan
established for the Plan.
The steering committee was responsible for:
• The updating and prioritizing of hazards that impact Oakland County.
• Updating the plan’s goals and priorities.
• The overall planning area’s capability assessment and consideration of mitigation
alternatives.
• The identification of new mitigation actions and the update of past countywide
mitigation action items.
• Coordination and outreach with key stakeholders and planning partners.
• Ensure the needs of underserved populations are met through the planning process.
• Review the draft of the Plan.
The steering committee that supported the 2023 Oakland County NHMP update is detailed in
the following table:
Table 2-2. Steering Committee
Name Title Organiza�on
Thom Hardesty Director
Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland
Security
Michael Kamenec Emergency Management Specialist
Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland
Security
Robert Seeley Chief
Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland
Security
James Schafer Senior Planner Oakland County Economic
Development Department
Erin Quetell Chief Oakland County Office of
Sustainability
Debbie Sedam Quality and Safety Coordinator Oakland County Water Resources
Commissioner
Melanie Grund Community Liaison Oakland County Neighborhood
and Housing Development
Dave DeBoer Deputy Fire Marshal
West Bloomfield Fire Dept. /
Local Emergency Planning
Commitee
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2.3.3 Local Jurisdiction Participation
The following local jurisdictions participated in the 2023 NHMP (see Table 2-3). Local
representatives, participation activities, and planning documents to facilitate the planning
process are provided in Appendix A: Plan Participation and Documentation and Appendix D:
Jurisdiction Participation & Sign-in Sheets.
Table 2-3. Participating Jurisdictions
Jurisdic�on
At least 1
Resident
from
Community
Completed
Public
Survey Webinars
Hazard
Mi�ga�on
Plan
Workshop
Other
Par�cipa�ng
Ac�vi�es (i.e.,
Mee�ng with
Planning Team,
Online Planning
System)
Hazard
Analysis
Iden�fied
New
Mi�ga�on
Ac�on(s)
Reviewed/
Updated
Past
Mi�ga�on
Project(s),
if applicable
Oakland
County Yes X X X X X X
Addison
Township Yes X X X X X X
City of Auburn
Hills Yes X X X X X
City of Berkley Yes X X X X X X
Village of
Beverly Hills Yes - X X X X X
Village of
Bingham
Farms
Yes X X X X X X
City of
Birmingham Yes X - X X X X
Bloomfield
Township Yes - - X X X X
City of
Bloomfield
Hills
Yes - - X X X X
Brandon
Township Yes X X X X X X
City of
Clarkston Yes - - X X X X
City of
Clawson Yes - - X X X X
Commerce
Township Yes - - X X X X
City of
Farmington Yes X - X X X X
City of
Farmington
Hills
Yes X X X X X X
City of
Ferndale Yes - - X X X X
Village of
Franklin Yes X X X X X X
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Chapter 2 | Plan Process | 2-6
Jurisdic�on
At least 1
Resident
from
Community
Completed
Public
Survey Webinars
Hazard
Mi�ga�on
Plan
Workshop
Other
Par�cipa�ng
Ac�vi�es (i.e.,
Mee�ng with
Planning Team,
Online Planning
System)
Hazard
Analysis
Iden�fied
New
Mi�ga�on
Ac�on(s)
Reviewed/
Updated
Past
Mi�ga�on
Project(s),
if applicable
Groveland
Township Yes - - X X X X
City of Hazel
Park Yes X X X X X X
Highland
Township Yes - X X X X X
Holly
Township Yes - - X X X X
Village of
Holly Yes - - X X X X
City of
Hun�ngton
Woods
Yes X X X X X X
Independence
Township Yes - - X X X X
City of Kego
Harbor Yes - - X X X X
City of Lake
Angelus Yes - - X X X X
Village of Lake
Orion Yes - - X X X X
City of
Lathrup
Village
Yes X - X X X X
Village of
Leonard Yes X X X X X X
Lyon
Township Yes X X X X X
City of
Madison
Heights
Yes - X X X X X
Milford
Township Yes X X X X X X
Village of
Milford Yes X X X X X X
City of
Northville Yes X - X X X X
City of Novi Yes X X X X X X
Novi Township Yes - - X X X X
City of Oak
Park Yes - X X X X X
Oakland
Township Yes - - X X X X
City of
Orchard Lake Yes - - X X X X
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Chapter 2 | Plan Process | 2-7
Jurisdic�on
At least 1
Resident
from
Community
Completed
Public
Survey Webinars
Hazard
Mi�ga�on
Plan
Workshop
Other
Par�cipa�ng
Ac�vi�es (i.e.,
Mee�ng with
Planning Team,
Online Planning
System)
Hazard
Analysis
Iden�fied
New
Mi�ga�on
Ac�on(s)
Reviewed/
Updated
Past
Mi�ga�on
Project(s),
if applicable
Orion
Township Yes - X X X X X
Village of
Ortonville Yes X X X X X X
Oxford
Township Yes X X X X X X
Village of
Oxford Yes X X X X X X
City of
Pleasant
Ridge
Yes X - X X X X
City of Pon�ac Yes - - X X X X
City of
Rochester Yes X X X X X X
City of
Rochester
Hills
Yes X X X X X X
Rose
Township Yes - - X X X X
City of Royal
Oak Yes X X X X X X
Royal Oak
Township Yes - - X X X X
City of South
Lyon Yes X X X X X X
City of
Southfield Yes X - X X X X
Southfield
Township Yes X X X X X NA
Springfield
Township Yes - X X X X X
City of Sylvan
Lake Yes - X X X X X
City of Troy Yes - - X X X X
City of Walled
Lake Yes - - X X X X
Waterford
Township Yes X X X X X X
West
Bloomfield
Township
Yes X X X X X X
White Lake
Township Yes X X X X X X
City of Wixom Yes X X X X X X
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Chapter 2 | Plan Process | 2-8
Jurisdic�on
At least 1
Resident
from
Community
Completed
Public
Survey Webinars
Hazard
Mi�ga�on
Plan
Workshop
Other
Par�cipa�ng
Ac�vi�es (i.e.,
Mee�ng with
Planning Team,
Online Planning
System)
Hazard
Analysis
Iden�fied
New
Mi�ga�on
Ac�on(s)
Reviewed/
Updated
Past
Mi�ga�on
Project(s),
if applicable
Village of
Wolverine
Lake
Yes X - X X X X
The focus of the 2023 Oakland County HMP Update was a series of structured discussions with,
and opportunities for feedback from, Oakland County officials, municipal officials, affected
stakeholders and the general public. An online planning system enabled the planning team to
keep in contact with the affected parties and supply information to a broad audience. In
particular, these included the following opportunities for outreach and input:
• A project online planning system (https://mi-oakland-hs.isc-cemp.com/)
• Creation and distribution of online forms so county, municipal, and stakeholders could
easily submit local hazard risk concerns and mitigation strategies.
o Hazard Form: https://integratedsolutions.wufoo.com/forms/khx8k751tbt3wg/
o New Mitigation Action Projects Form:
https://integratedsolutions.wufoo.com/forms/qo0ndg617ys5lw/
• Meetings, email, and phone communication with leaders and representatives from each
of the communities.
Table 2-4. Jurisdictions NOT Participating
Jurisdic�on Have Not Received Leter Declining Par�cipa�on Have Received Leter Declining Par�cipa�on
None X
The following sections explain, in greater detail, the key activities and supporting
documentation. More information about each of these activities is also provided in Appendix A:
Plan Participation and Documentation and Appendix D: Jurisdiction Participation & Sign-in
Sheets.
2.3.4 Mitigation Workshop
Three workshops were held on July 17, 2023, July 19, 2023, and July 20, 2023, in Oakland
County to identify hazards and update and consider new mitigation strategies. In addition,
individual meetings were held with jurisdictions who were unable to bring their local planning
teams to these workshops or needed additional guidance and support. Prior to the workshops,
four webinars were held to provide information to prepare the jurisdictions for the workshop.
Webinars were held June 9, 2023, June 15, 2023 (morning and afternoon session), and June 16,
2023. See Appendix A: Plan Participation and Documentation for a list of the individuals who
attended the Workshops and for copies of the sign-in sheets.
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The purpose of the workshop was to ensure local jurisdictions had the opportunity to identify
their communities’ risks and to identify/update their mitigation strategies and priorities. These
workshops included local planning members from each of the communities. Participants
validated the county’s risk assessment findings, described specific hazard risks and concerns for
their own communities, updated existing mitigation actions/strategies from the 2017/18 Plan,
and worked with their local planning team to identify new mitigation initiatives.
2.3.5 Other Stakeholders and Organizations
Throughout the planning process, key stakeholders, departments, and community
organizations were involved in providing key input, data, disseminating information about the
Plan, meetings, and reviewing the draft of the plan.
Table 2-5. Stakeholders and Organizations
Stakeholder and Organiza�on Contribu�on
Michigan State University Extension Agriculture, agribusiness, natural resources data, climate
change
University of Michigan Transporta�on Research
Ins�tute Traffic informa�on and data
Oakland County Water Resources Commissioner’s
Office Flood informa�on
Road Commission for Oakland County Road and traffic informa�on
Oakland County Planning and Economic
Development Services
Plan integra�on, general plan, community data, and
development trends, mee�ngs
Oakland County Health Division Public health hazard informa�on, mee�ngs
Oakland County Sheriff's Office Capability and crime data, mee�ngs
Oakland County Office of Sustainability Mee�ngs, sustainability
Oakland County Neighborhood and Housing
Development Mee�ngs, outreach
Oakland County Parks and Recrea�on Mee�ng
Clinton River Watershed Council Greenspace and new mi�ga�on ac�ons, mee�ngs
U.S. Geological Survey Geologic informa�on, earthquake informa�on
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dam and levee data
Na�onal Weather Service Natural hazard history and informa�on
Southeast Michigan Council of Governments
(SEMCOG)
Future development trends, demographic informa�on,
traffic informa�on
Michigan State Police Emergency Management and
Homeland Security Division
2019 Michigan Hazard Mi�ga�on plan, mi�ga�on
guidance, plan review
Michigan DNR Wildfire data, natural resources
DHS: FEMA Mi�ga�on policy, Na�onal Risk Index
2.3.6 Neighboring Jurisdictions
The neighboring counties were invited to review and comment on the draft plan.
Table 2-6. Neighboring Jurisdictions
Neighboring Jurisdic�on Par�cipa�on Descrip�on
Genesee County LEPC Invited to review and comment on the
dra� plan.
Lapeer County LEPC Invited to review and comment on the
dra� plan.
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Livingston County LEPC Invited to review and comment on the
dra� plan.
Macomb County LEPC Invited to review and comment on the
dra� plan.
St. Clair County LEPC Invited to review and comment on the
dra� plan.
Washtenaw County LEPC Invited to review and comment on the
dra� plan.
Wayne County LEPC Invited to review and comment on the
dra� plan.
A number of individuals outside the planning area par�cipated in the Oakland County Hazard
Mitigation Plan – A Draft Review/Planners Gathering mee�ng on September 27, 2023. Appendix
D includes the full list of par�cipants. Notable atendees from outside the planning area include:
• City of Hesperia
• City of New Bal�more
• Hillsdale City Planning Commission
• Macomb County Public Works
• Michigan Associa�on of Planning
• Tulare County
• Washington Township
2.4 Public Involvement and Participation
Broad public participation in the planning process helps ensure that diverse points of view
about the planning area’s needs are considered and addressed. The public must have
opportunities to comment on disaster mitigation plans during the drafting stages and prior to
plan approval (44 CFR, Section 201.6(b)(1)). As such, a number of public outreach activities
were organized to ensure public participation and input were obtained. The following sections
explain, in greater detail, the key activities and supporting documentation. More information
about each of these activities is also provided in Appendix B: Public Involvement Activities and
Documentation.
2.4.1 Community Preparedness and Mitigation Survey
Surveys were distributed through a variety of methods beginning on June 1, 2023, including e-
mail blasts and social media platforms, such as Facebook and X (formerly Twitter). The survey
was available to the community until September 30, 2023. Community organizations were
critical in connecting county and municipal residents with the survey, and Oakland County
utilized their broad-based distribution lists of community stakeholders and partners to
disseminate the survey to residents and leaders of underserved communities and
organizations. In total, 933 residents participated in the 30-question survey. Results helped to
validate the hazards included in the plan, the hazard ranking process, and areas where the
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county and municipalities could further improve outreach and education efforts. See Appendix
C for questionnaire results.
2.4.2 Public Forum & Outreach
The public was invited to attend a public forum held on July 19th, 2023. The public meeting was
advertised locally prior to the meeting.
The purpose of the meeting was to provide an overview of the project, share and validate the
hazard risk findings, and receive public input on important mitigation initiatives. Attendees
were given access to important information regarding the Plan, and an opportunity to provide
input regarding the Plan and planning process.
2.4.3 Public Plan Review and Feedback on Draft of the Plan
At the conclusion of the planning process, the public was offered an opportunity to provide
feedback to the draft Plan. The public version of the plan was made available at the following
dedicated hazard mitigation plan site: https://www.oakgov.com/community/emergency-
management/need-to-know/disaster-planning/hazard-mitigation-plan
The draft Plan was made available on the web page until the Plan was formally approved and
adopted. To further facilitate con�nued public involvement in the planning process, the public
will have an opportunity to provide con�nual feedback and input. As future needs and concerns
arise, or if the public would like to provide feedback regarding the latest version of the Oakland
County Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan, the public is invited to use the form below (which is provided on
the web site) to provide comments.
• Link to Plan Comment Form: htps://integratedsolu�ons.wufoo.com/forms/comment-
form-oakland-county-mi�ga�on-plan/
The Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan – A Draft Review/Planners Gathering mee�ng was
held on September 27, 2023. For those that were not able to atend, a link to the video was
made available.
Link to Video of Public Mee�ng/Planners Gathering Mee�ng:
• htps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uDj68aYD7M
2.4.4 How Public Input was Incorporated into the Plan
Information and feedback gained from the survey and public forum provided valuable data to
validate and confirm the risk assessment findings and potential mitigation strategies.
Specifically, feedback from the public offered during the public forum on July 19, 2023, offered
greater insights to the public’s concerns regarding specific hazards and their impacts. The public
also offered specific initiatives they felt would create greater resiliency for the county and its
residents.
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Survey results helped to validate the hazards included in the plan, the hazard ranking process,
and areas where the county and municipalities could further improve outreach and education
efforts. Open-ended responses, specifically regarding their experience with damages from past
hazards, helped to validate hazard-specific impact data in Chapter 4: Risk Assessment. These,
and related findings, helped the planning team determine meaningful mitigation projects.
2.5 Equity Considerations for Underserved
Communities and Socially Vulnerable Populations
Some disasters occur on larger scales and are more impacted by built environments and are
most likely to continually impact those most at risk because of existing health conditions, lack
of resources, being underserved by past mitigation planning work, facing historical
disinvestment in their communities, or other factors. In this case, people in widely different
locations can be the most harmed by repeating disaster cycles, so mitigation strategies should
also work to break cycles of loss caused by social and economic disparities. Hazard mitigation
strategies can reduce existing risk by, for example, relocating a building out of an area that
frequently floods. In each case, an attempt has been made to lessen the harm of a future flood
before the event happens. Strategies may also seek to make future development less
vulnerable to hazards at the time it is built. Examples would be requiring new structures to be
elevated above predicted flood levels or by building structures to better withstand future
hazards. Hazard mitigation plans are designed to involve the input of stakeholders from
different perspectives to ensure plans use the best available data, are aligned with the needs of
the entire community, and are in alignment with other plans, such as comprehensive plans,
capital improvement plans, and climate action plans.
This Plan continues to recognize that all members of the community are not impacted in the
same way by natural disasters. Some community members are at more risk, for a number of
possible reasons. A mitigation strategy that uses a ‘one size fits all’ approach, and does not
recognize different levels of risk, will not adequately or efficiently support historically
underserved populations; and can actually make inequalities worse after a disaster.
This version of the Plan highlights equity as a key part of the overall plan vision. This Plan
update seeks to continue to develop a shared understanding among participants of how hazard
mitigation can be made more inclusive and be proactive in creating strategies that reduce
existing disparities in risk and hazard recovery. Addressing the whole community requires an
understanding that while a single solution for all seems fair, it does not address historical
inequalities and current differences in age, financial resources, housing stability, neighborhood
investment, health or ability, and access to government services. In mitigation planning, this
means that successfully reducing risk in the most meaningful and efficient way requires
understanding how the distribution of resources will actually reduce risk and for whom.
Equitable mitigation success should be measured by assessing who was most impacted in loss
of life or financial harm by past and future disasters, quantifiable reductions of vulnerability to
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
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those most at risk, and increasing engagement with historically underserved populations and
community organizations to better understand how plans and processes and natural hazard
events are affecting different communities.
Chapter 3: Community Profile describes different demographic and economic factors in
Oakland County. This section includes FEMA’s National Risk Index scores for Oakland County for
social vulnerability and community resilience. Social vulnerability is defined as the susceptibility
of social groups to the adverse impacts of natural hazards, including disproportionate death,
injury, loss, or disruption of livelihood (FEMA, 2023). Community resilience is defined as the
ability of a community to prepare for anticipated natural hazards, adapt to changing conditions,
and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions (FEMA, 2023).
The Community Profile section also included an analysis of the census tracts in Oakland County
which are identified as “disadvantaged” by the U.S. Council on Environmental Quality (ACEQ).
According to the U.S. Council on Environmental Quality (ACEQ), a community is identified as
“disadvantaged” if it is located in a census tract that is at or above the threshold for one or
more environmental, climate, or other burdens, and at or above the threshold for associated
socioeconomic burdens, including poverty and language barriers (U.S. Council on
Environmental Quality, 2022). The total population of these 21 census tracts is 112,641 which is
22% of the total Oakland County population. Each census tract is further identified in Appendix
F, illustrating specific socioeconomic burdens to each census tract. This information was used as
part of the hazard risk ranking process and to determine potential inequities and disparities
regarding potential impacts from natural hazards.
Chapter 4: Risk Assessment includes a hazard ranking methodology that specifically assesses
the impact of the hazard on underserved populations. Furthermore, each hazard profile
included FEMA’s Expected Annual Loss analysis and National Risk Index score for the county.
The Risk Index score is based on the following components: Social Vulnerability, Community
Resilience, and Estimate Annual Loss (EAL), with EAL based on Exposure, Annualized Frequency,
and Historic Loss Ratio (HLR) factors, for a total of five risk factors (FEMA, 2023).
Mitigation goals were updated to encourage greater participation and engagement from
underserved populations and groups, and aligns with the county’s Strategic Plan, which
prioritizes diversity, inclusion, and equity. During stakeholder meetings, in which new and
ongoing mitigation strategies were discussed, jurisdictional representatives were encouraged to
consider how the mitigation actions directly and/or indirectly resulted in equitable outcomes.
During the plan update process, a comprehensive community preparedness questionnaire was
developed and disseminated. The questionnaire was developed with a specific focus to better
understand the challenges and concerns related to access and functional needs, access to
information, ability to recover, and services needed, especially for those who may be
underserved or lack access to key resources. The Oakland County Neighborhood and Housing
Development and Office of Diversity, Equity & Inclusion played a key role in ensuring the
questionnaire was inclusive. Melanie Grund, Community Liaison, and contact for “Welcoming
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 2 | Plan Process | 2-14
Oakland” provided important contributions to this effort. As a reflection of Oakland County’s
commitment to the goal of operationalizing equity by taking actions to integrate diversity,
equity, and inclusion within county operations, “Welcoming Oakland” members include the
following organizations: ACCESS, Arab American and Chaldean Council, Association of Chinese
Americans, Inc., Centro Multicultural La Familia, Chaldean American Ladies of Charity (United
Community Family Services), Chaldean Community Foundation, Council of Asian Pacific
Islanders, FBI, Global Detroit, Global Troy, Jewish Community Relations Council, La Casa Amiga
(Catholic Charities of Southeast Michigan), Michigan Immigrant Rights Council, Oakland County
Board of Commissioners, Oakland County Community Corrections, Oakland County Executive
Office, Oakland County Neighborhood & Housing Development, Oakland County Sheriff's Office,
Oakland County Workforce Development, Oakland Literacy Council, Oakland Schools,
Samaritas, Waterford Refugee Welcome Alliance, and Welcoming Michigan.
The county and participating jurisdictions have a responsibility to ensure equitable outcomes in
the implementation of this Plan and to ensure that action is taken to reduce vulnerabilities to
disasters experienced disproportionately by marginalized populations.
When conducting community engagement related to implementation of or update to this Plan,
the county will ensure that the whole community has an opportunity to participate in the
process and discussion. FEMA defines the “whole community” as “individuals and families,
including those with access and functional needs, businesses, faith-based and community
organizations, nonprofit groups, schools and academia, media outlets, and all levels of
government, including state, local, tribal, territorial, and federal partners that have a shared
responsibility in emergency preparedness and mitigation” (FEMA, 2011).
2.6 Existing Plans, Studies, and Reports
Hazard mitigation planning must include a review and incorporation, if appropriate, of existing
plans, studies, reports, and technical information (44 CFR, Section 201.6(b)(3)). Chapter 5:
Capabilities and Integration of Mitigation Measures provides a review of key studies, plans,
laws, and ordinances in effect within the planning area that can affect hazard mitigation
actions. All these documents were reviewed as part of the plan update process. Additionally,
each chapter in this Plan includes its own reference section, which also acknowledges key plans,
studies, and technical information utilized in this Plan.
2.7 Plan Adoption
Formal adop�on of a Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan is required for FEMA for approval. The Dra� Plan
was provided to members of the project Steering Commitee. Copies of the Dra� Plan were also
provided to each municipality in Oakland County, to other stakeholders and the public via the
Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security website.
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Chapter 2 | Plan Process | 2-15
Upon comple�ng the comment/review period, the plan was submited to the Michigan State
Police, Emergency Management and Homeland Security Division’s (MSP/EMHSD) Mi�ga�on
Program and to the Federal Emergency Management Agency for review. Upon FEMA review and
approval pending adop�on, the Plan was presented to the Oakland County Board of
Commissioners for adop�on. The Oakland County Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan was formally adopted
by the Oakland County Board of Commissioners on [Insert Date of Adop�on].
2.7.1 Community Adoption
FEMA and the Michigan State Police also require that all mul�-jurisdic�onal Plans be adopted,
in whole or in part, by individual municipali�es within the planning area. Municipal officials
were informed of this requirement. A sample resolu�on of adop�on was provided to each
community. Informa�on regarding local hazard priori�es and local hazard mi�ga�on strategies is
included in separate subsec�ons of the Plan so that each community may readily reference and
adopt sec�ons specific to their municipality.
See Volume II:
• County Mi�ga�on Ac�ons (County Departments and Mi�ga�on Ac�ons that Apply to the
County and All Par�cipa�ng Municipali�es)
• Municipal Annexes (Ci�es, Townships, and Villages)
Table 2-7. Community Adoptions
Community Items Adopted Date Adopted
Addison, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Auburn Hills, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Berkley, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Beverly Hills, Village of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Bingham Farms, Village of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Birmingham, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Bloomfield Hills, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Bloomfield, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Brandon, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Clarkston, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Clawson, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Commerce, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Farmington, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Farmington Hills, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Ferndale, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Franklin, Village of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Groveland, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Hazel Park, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Highland, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Holly, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Holly, Village of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Huntington Woods, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Independence, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Keego Harbor, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Lake Angelus, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Lake Orion, Village of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
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Chapter 2 | Plan Process | 2-16
Lathrup Village, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Leonard, Village of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Lyon, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Madison Heights, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Milford, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Milford, Village of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Northville, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Novi, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Novi, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Oakland, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Oak Park, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Orchard Lake, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Orion, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Ortonville, Village of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Oxford, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Oxford, Village Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pleasant Ridge, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pontiac, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Rochester, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Rochester Hills, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Rose, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Royal Oak, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Royal Oak, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Southfield, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
South Lyon, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Southfield, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Springfield, Township Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Sylvan Lake, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Troy, City Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Walled Lake, City Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Waterford, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
West Bloomfield, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
White Lake, Township of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Wixom, City of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
Wolverine, Village of Resolution to adopt Hazard Mitigation Plan
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References
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2022, April 19). Local Mitigation Planning
Policy Guide. Retrieved on March 28, 2023. Retrieved
from: https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fOEM_local-mitigation-planning-
policy-guide_042022.pdf
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2023). National Risk Index. Retrieved
on: March 1, 2023. Retrieved from: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2011). A Whole Community Approach
to Emergency Management: Principles, Themes, and Pathways for action. Retrieved on March
15, 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
07/whole_community_dec2011__2.pdf
U.S. Council on Environmental Quality (2022). Climate & Economic Justice Screening
Tool. Retrieved on: March 1, 2023. Retrieved from:
https://screeningtool.geoplatform.gov/en/#3/33.47/-97.5
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 3 | Community Profile | 3-1
Chapter 3: Community Profile
3.1 Historical Overview
The earliest inhabitants of the area were Na�ve Americans of the Otawa, Ojibwa, and
Potawatomi Tribes. Many of Oakland County's main transporta�on routes originated from
Na�ve American trails such as the Saginaw Trail (Woodward Avenue), Shiawassee Trail (Orchard
Lake Road) and Grand River Trail (Grand River Avenue).
In 1818, a group of men from Detroit
and Macomb County formed the
Pontiac Company with intent to
purchase land and establish a town
within Oakland County. Later that
same year, a group of professionals
and businessmen from Detroit
surveyed the area and reported on
Oakland County’s abundant natural
resources.
On January 12, 1819, Oakland County
was officially organized by
proclamation of Governor Lewis Cass.
The Oakland County seat was
established in Pontiac, with financial
and property contributions from the
Pontiac Company. Oakland County was
divided into 2 townships, Oakland
Township in the north and Bloomfield Township in the south. By 1827, Oakland County was
further divided to encompass 5 townships with the addition of Farmington, Troy, and Pontiac
Townships.
The first official census of Oakland County was conducted in 1820 and reported a population of
330 people. The population quickly grew within the next 10 years to include 4,911 people in
1830. By 1870, Oakland County, population 40,867, was the fifth largest in the state. The 2010
U.S. Census reported 1,202,362 residents, which is second in Michigan only to Wayne County.
According to Census projections, Oakland County has an estimated population of 1,269,431
people in 2022 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2023).
Figure 3-1. Map of Michigan
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Chapter 3 | Community Profile | 3-2
3.2 Geography and Climate
Oakland County covers approximately 907 square miles and is located in southeast Michigan,
north of Wayne County and west of Macomb County. The topography of Oakland County
ranges from flat to gently rolling. Oakland County contains the headwaters for five major river
systems/watersheds, illustrated in Figure 3-2.
Weather in Oakland County is consistent with non-coastal areas of southeastern Michigan.
Table 3-1 provides average monthly weather conditions in Oakland County as recorded by the
National Weather Service (NWS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
(NOAA, 2023).
Table 3-8: Oakland County Temperature and Precipitation Averages
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
NOAA - AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
Month Average High
Temperature (F)
Average Precipitation
(inches)
Average Snowfall
(inches)
January 32.3 2.23 14.0
February 35.2 2.08 12.5
March 45.9 2.43 6.2
April 58.7 3.26 1.5
May 70.3 3.72 0.0
June 79.7 3.26 0.0
July 83.7 3.51 0.0
August 81.4 3.26 0.0
September 74.4 3.22 0.0
October 62.0 2.53 0.0
November 48.6 2.57 1.9
December 37.2 2.25 8.9
Annual/Ave Total 59.12 2.86 3.75
Source: NOAA (May 2021)
3.3 Land Use Patterns
Although Oakland County's Planning and Economic Development Services Department provides
a variety of planning tools and services, Oakland County does not exercise land use or zoning
control. Instead, each of the individual cities, townships and villages in Oakland County are
zoned and exercise their own control regarding land use planning and permitting. The
exception is the Village of Bloomfield which is a subdivision within Bloomfield Township and not
a separate political jurisdiction.
The largest portion of land use in Oakland County is single-family residential followed by
agricultural/rural residential. Since 2015, mixed-use land use has exhibited the greatest acreage
increase at a 6.30% increase, since the previous version of this Plan. In the 2021 American
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Community Survey, 76% of Oakland County’s housing units were reported as single-unit
detached homes and 22.0% as multi-unit housing units.
The greatest decline in land use acreage has been in hospitality acreage with a (-12.50%)
decrease since the previous version of this Plan. Detailed land use according to Southeast
Michigan Council Governments (SEMCOG) is illustrated in Table 3-2.
Figure 3-1: Watersheds
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Table 3-9: 2020 Land Use Patterns & Trends
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
2020 LAND USE
Parcel Land Use Acres 2015 Acres 2020 Change
2015-2020
Pct Change 2015-
2020
Single-Family Residential 143,186.90 145,990.40 2,803.60 2%
Attached Condo Housing 7,475.70 7,306.50 -169.3 -2.30%
Multi-Family Housing 7,738.10 8,160.30 422.2 5.50%
Manufactured Home 3,442.60 3,445.70 3.1 0.10%
Agricultural/Rural Residential 130,543.40 129,630.80 -912.6 -0.70%
Mixed Use 166.9 177.5 10.6 6.30%
Retail 8,602.80 8,492.50 -110.4 -1.30%
Office 7,924 7,750.20 -173.8 -2.20%
Hospitality 2,072.30 1,813.80 -258.4 -12.50%
Medical 2,916.40 2,864.60 -51.9 -1.80%
Institutional 16,768.90 15,368 -1,400.90 -8.40%
Industrial 14,885 14,389.10 -495.9 -3.30%
Recreational/Open Space 60,029 61,352.10 1,323.10 2.20%
Cemetery 2,529.50 2,529.50 0 0%
Golf Course 11,903.40 11,528.30 -375.1 -3.20%
Parking 1,114.20 1,182.80 68.7 6.20%
Extractive 5,734.20 5,786.70 52.5 0.90%
TCU 8,360.50 8,508.40 147.9 1.80%
Vacant 61,211.10 61,762.10 551 0.90%
Water 28,731.40 28,851.30 119.9 0.40%
Not Parceled 55,200.50 53,646.20 -1,554.30 -2.80%
Total 580,536.60 580,536.60 0 0%
Source: SEMCOG (2020)
3.4 Housing Trends
The median home value of owner-occupied housing units in Oakland County is approximately
$299,800 while approximately 5% of all housing units in Oakland County are vacant (Census
Reporter, 2023) in 2021.
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Table 3-10: 2020 Oakland County Housing Trends
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
SEMCOG - HOUSING TYPE TRENDS
Housing Type ACS 2010 ACS 2020
Change
2010-
2020
New Units
Permitted
Since 2019
Single Unit 359,718 370,652 10,934 6,530
Multi-Unit 151,100 155,464 4,364 7,204
Manufactured Homes or Other 15,875 15,978 103 0
Total 526,693 542,094 15,401 13,734
Units Demolished (-1,484)
NET = Total Permitted - Demolished 12,250
Source: SEMCOG (2020)
Table 3-11: 2020 Oakland County Building Permits
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI | SEMCOG – BUILDING PERMITS
Year Single
Family
Two
Family
Attach
Condo
Multi
Family
Total
Units
Total
Demos
Net
Total
2000 4,285 120 633 346 5,384 390 4,994
2001 3,377 130 819 519 4,845 480 4,365
2002 3,234 116 1,284 644 5,278 428 4,850
2003 3,838 16 1,181 574 5,609 405 5,204
2004 3,829 90 2,241 331 6,491 548 5,943
2005 3,199 124 1,043 138 4,504 503 4,001
2006 1,607 72 438 185 2,302 400 1,902
2007 876 12 182 32 1,102 277 825
2008 543 8 79 139 769 324 445
2009 401 8 10 42 461 378 83
2010 794 4 39 37 874 290 584
2011 1,134 2 90 36 1,262 306 956
2012 1,707 30 150 84 1,971 502 1,469
2013 2,210 2 123 655 2,990 448 2,542
2014 2,022 4 89 294 2,409 487 1,922
2015 2,035 18 151 797 3,001 532 2,469
2016 1,928 2 201 946 3,077 524 2,553
2017 2,330 2 346 1,427 4,105 521 3,584
2018 1,989 38 367 860 3,254 508 2,746
2019 1,665 0 197 2,109 3,971 389 3,582
2020 1,618 0 305 1,365 3,288 355 2,933
2021 1,615 2 406 1,525 3,548 360 3,188
2022 1,497 14 214 927 2,652 359 2,293
2023 135 0 10 130 275 21 254
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2000 to 2023
totals 47,868 814 10,598 14,142 73,422 9,735 63,687
Source: SEMCOG (2023)
3.5 Transportation Network
There are approximately 6,152 miles of public roads within Oakland County (SEMCOG, 2023).
Oakland County roads are maintained by the Road Commission for Oakland County. This Road
Commission is charged with maintaining over 2,700 miles of county roads, 230 miles of state
highway and approximately 1,500 county, city, and state traffic signals in Oakland County
(OCRC, 2023). Portions of the County road system are also maintained by the Michigan
Department of Transportation and some municipalities.
The Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART) provides bus service to
54 fixed routes throughout Oakland, Wayne, and Macomb Counties. SMART buses run seven
days per week, 22 hours per day and provide 12 million rides per day. SMART also provides
specialized services to the elderly and handicapped (Smartbus, 2023).
Oakland County is proud to manage three airports, including Oakland County International
Airport (PTK), which ranks as the 97th busiest airport in the nation with 126,240 takeoffs and
landings. PTK is ranked as the nation's sixteenth busiest general aviation airport and second to
Detroit Metro in Michigan (2021 data). Over ½ million passengers and pilots pass through the
airport every year. More than 624 private and corporate aircraft are based here. In the course
of a year, virtually all the Fortune 500 companies use the airport. The airport contributes over
$1 billion to the County's economy each year. The aggregate tax contribution of airport
businesses ranks the OCIA community as the second-highest taxpayer in Waterford Township
(Oakland County, 2023).
Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak with stations located in Pontiac, Birmingham, and
Royal Oak. The rail service connects to Detroit, which further connects passengers to numerous
cities throughout the country. Freight rail lines are located throughout Oakland County and are
operated by Canadian National Railway and CSX Transportation (Access Oakland, 2023).
3.6 Population and Demographic Characteristics
Oakland County is the second most populous county in Michigan with a total population of
1,274,395 as of the 2020 Census (U.S. Census Bureau, 2023). Population projections estimate
that by 2050 the population will be 1,387,838 which is an increase of 193,682 since year 2000
(SEMCOG, 2023).
Figure 3-3 illustrates the Oakland County population forecasted by SEMCOG while Table 3-5
illustrates household characteristics.
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Figure 3-2: Oakland County Total Population By Census Tract
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
TOTAL POPULATION BY CENSUS TRACT
TOTAL POPULATION TOTAL NUMBER OF CENSUS TRACTS
1,274,395 360
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Population of Oakland County, MI (2023)
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Figure 3-3: Oakland County Population Forecast
Table 3-12: 2020 Oakland County Household Characteristics
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
SEMCOG – HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
Households Census
2020
Census
2010
Change
2010-2020
Pct Change
2010-2020
SEMCOG
Jul-22
SEMCOG
2050
Housing Units 554,403 527,255 27,148 5.10% 560,986 -
Households
(Occupied Units) 524,047 483,698 40,349 8.30% 523,973 573,614
Residential Vacancy
Rate 5.50% 8.30% -2.80% - 6.60% -
Average Household
Size 2.4 2.46 -0.06 - 2.39 2.38
Source: SEMCOG (2023)
Table 3-13: 2020 Oakland County Population Change By Age
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU – POPULATION CHANGE BY AGE
Age Group Census
2010 Change 2000-2010 ACS 2020 Change 2010-2020
Under 5 68,506 -11,861 67,888 -618
9-May 77,140 -9,186 68,943 -8,197
14-Oct 83,450 -2,048 77,253 -6,197
15-19 81,049 6,777 76,537 -4,512
20-24 63,344 2,753 74,263 10,919
25-29 71,670 -10,445 85,384 13,714
30-34 71,717 -22,355 80,780 9,063
35-39 80,354 -23,680 80,540 186
40-44 89,478 -17,543 76,184 -13,294
45-49 98,381 2,494 86,686 -11,695
50-54 99,877 15,948 89,969 -9,908
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55-59 86,571 24,161 93,697 7,126
60-64 71,701 29,026 85,826 14,125
65-69 50,320 14,989 71,400 21,080
70-74 33,783 -1,157 53,604 19,821
75-79 27,347 -2,063 35,251 7,904
80-84 23,917 4,848 22,118 -1,799
85+ 23,757 7,548 29,017 5,260
Total 1,202,362 8,206 1,255,340 52,978
Median Age 40.2 3.5 41 0.8
Source: SEMCOG (2023)
Table 3-14: 2020 Oakland County Race and Demographic Information
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
SEMCOG – RACE AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Race and
Hispanic Origin
Census
2010
Percent of
Population 2010
Census
2020
Percent of
Population 2020
Percentage Point
Change 2010-2020
Non-Hispanic 4,521,773 96.1% 4,587,818 95% -1.1%
White 3,223,281 68.5% 3,108,251 64.3% -4.2%
Black 1,018,089 21.6% 997,657 20.7% -1%
Asian 168,092 3.6% 245,417 5.1% 1.5%
Multi-Racial 92,100 2% 205,178 4.2% 2.3%
Other 20,211 0.4% 31,315 0.6% 0.2%
Hispanic 182,970 3.9% 242,671 5% 1.1%
Total 4,704,743 100% 4,830,489 100% 0%
Source: SEMCOG (2023)
Table 3-15: 2020 Oakland County Educational Attainment
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
SEMCOG – EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Highest Level of Education* ACS 2010 ACS 2020 Percentage Point Change 2010-2020
Did Not Graduate High School 7.8% 5.6% -2.1%
High School Graduate 21.4% 18.4% -3%
Some College, No Degree 21.3% 19.8% -1.4%
Associate Degree 7.4% 8.2% 0.8%
Bachelor's Degree 24.6% 27.3% 2.7%
Graduate / Professional Degree 17.6% 20.7% 3.1%
Did Not Graduate High School 7.8% 5.6% -2.1%
* Population age 25 and over
Source: SEMCOG (2023)
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Table 3-16: 2020 Oakland County School Enrollment
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
SEMCOG / U.S. CENSUS BUREAU – SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
Grade Level Population Percent of Population
Nursery School, Preschool 19,047 6.5%
Kindergarten to 12th Grade 197,102 67.0%
College/Undergraduate 57,165 19.4%
Graduate, Professional 20,696 7.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2023)
3.7 Economic Characteristics
According to the SEMCOG, there will be approximately 1,145,081 jobs within Oakland County in
the year 2050. Based off U.S. Census Bureau estimates, approximately 82.9% of the Oakland
County population is over 16 years of age with 65.8% of the overall population in the civilian
labor force (SEMCOG, 2023).
Table 3-17: Oakland County Employment Industries
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
SEMCOG – FORECASTED JOBS BY INDUSTRY SEDCTOR
Forecasted
Jobs By
Industry
Sector
2019 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Change
2019-
2050
Pct
Change
2019-
2050
Natural
Resources,
Mining, &
Construction
43,362 42,214 56,173 56,161 55,696 54,655 54,256 54,230 10,868 25.1%
Manufacturing 73,645 66,786 78,307 78,333 76,488 73,509 71,752 71,543 -2,102 -2.9%
Wholesale
Trade 44,294 41,669 45,153 47,036 48,345 48,166 48,060 48,236 3,942 8.9%
Retail Trade 94,466 83,552 87,883 84,611 79,721 76,288 73,649 71,201 -23,265 -24.6%
Transportation,
Warehousing,
& Utilities
27,506 27,347 33,999 35,150 35,635 35,936 36,373 36,985 9,479 34.5%
Information &
Financial
Activities
165,073 153,531 168,567 173,975 176,495 178,217 180,511 183,383 18,310 11.1%
Professional
and Technical
Services &
Corporate HQ
162,271 153,216 171,861 179,934 185,696 191,124 197,635 205,551 43,280 26.7%
Administrative,
Support, &
Waste Services
80,060 68,503 76,738 80,453 83,566 85,956 88,767 92,098 12,038 15%
Education
Services 50,011 46,515 49,733 51,170 52,243 52,717 53,036 53,514 3,503 7%
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Healthcare
Services 124,583 115,065 126,182 133,841 139,873 144,973 150,410 157,088 32,505 26.1%
Leisure &
Hospitality 88,685 65,209 87,787 92,927 94,297 94,746 95,146 95,610 6,925 7.8%
Other Services 50,769 44,079 50,635 53,373 54,488 55,014 55,513 56,072 5,303 10.4%
Public
Administration 19,040 18,183 19,177 19,418 19,624 19,608 19,566 19,570 530 2.8%
Total
Employment
Numbers
1,023,765 925,869 1,052,195 1,086,382 1,102,167 1,110,909 1,124,674 1,145,081 121,316 11.8%
Source: SEMCOG (2023)
Table 3-18: Oakland County Household Income
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
SEMCOG – HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Income (in 2020 dollars) ACS 2010 ACS 2020 Change 2010-2020 Percent Change 2010-2020
Median Household Income $78,798 $81,587 $2,789 3.5%
Per Capita Income $42,892 $46,075 $3,183 7.4%
Source: SEMCOG (2023)
3.8 FEMA Community Risk Index
According to FEMA, Oakland County has a Community Risk Index Rating of “Relatively High”
and a Community Risk Index Score of “96.09” (FEMA National Risk Index, 2023).
The Risk Index score is based on the following components: Social Vulnerability, Community
Resilience, and Estimate Annual Loss (EAL), with EAL based on Exposure, Annualized Frequency,
and Historic Loss Ratio (HLR) factors, for a total of five risk factors (FEMA National Risk Index,
2023).
Each risk factor contributes to either the likelihood or consequence aspect of risk and can be
classified as one of two risk types: risk based on geographic location or risk based on the nature
and historical occurrences of natural hazards. The five risk factors are summarized in Table 3-
12. (FEMA National Risk Index, 2023).
Table 3-19: FEMA National Risk Index: Risk Components & Factors
FEMA NATIONAL RISK INDEX
RISK COMPONENTS & FACTORS
Risk Component Risk Factors Risk Factor
Description
Risk
Contribution
Risk Type
Assignment
Social Vulnerability Social Vulnerability Consequence Enhancer Consequence Geographic Risk
Community
Resilience
Community
Resilience Consequence Reducer Consequence Geographic Risk
Expected Annual
Loss Exposure Expected Consequence Consequence Natural Hazard Risk
Expected Annual
Loss
Annualized
Frequency
Probability of
Occurrence Likelihood Natural Hazard Risk
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Expected Annual
Loss Historic Loss Ratio Expected Consequence Consequence Natural Hazard Risk
3.9 Community Resilience
According to FEMA, Oakland County has a Community Resilience Rating of “Very High” and a
Community Resilience Score of “89.59” (FEMA National Risk Index, 2023).
Community resilience is defined as the ability of a community to prepare for anticipated natural
hazards, adapt to changing conditions, and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions
(FEMA National Risk Index, 2023).
The “Community Resilience Score” and “Community Resilience Rating” represent the relative
level of a community’s resilience compared to all other communities at the same level. The
Community Resilience Score is inversely proportional to a community’s risk. A higher
Community Resilience Score results in a lower Risk Index Score (FEMA National Risk Index,
2023).
3.10 Social Vulnerability and Underserved Populations
According to FEMA, Oakland County has a Social Vulnerability Rating of “Very Low” and a Social
Vulnerability Score of “14.64” (FEMA National Risk Index, 2023).
Social vulnerability is defined as the susceptibility of social groups to the adverse impacts of
natural hazards, including disproportionate death, injury, loss, or disruption of livelihood (FEMA
National Risk Index, 2023).
The "Social Vulnerability Score” and “Rating” represent the relative level of a community’s
social vulnerability compared to all other communities at the same level. A community’s Social
Vulnerability Score is proportional to a community’s risk. A higher Social Vulnerability Score
results in a higher Risk Index Score (FEMA National Risk Index, 2023).
Social vulnerability is one of five components included in the formulation of the “National Risk
Index Score” in addition to Community Resilience, Estimated Annual Loss (EAL) based on
Exposure, Annualized Frequency, and Historic Loss Ratio (HLR) factors (FEMA National Risk
Index, 2023).
Table 3-13 illustrates at-risk populations in Oakland County as compared to U.S. percentages
and the differences thereof. As seen in Table 3-13, Oakland County demonstrates lower
percentages of at-risk/disadvantaged individuals compared to average U.S. population
percentages.
Table 3-20: Oakland County Neighborhoods At-Risk Table (2017-2021)
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NEIGHBORHOODS AT-RISK TABLE
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI (2017–2021)
Indicators 2021* Oakland County
Population
Oakland County
Percentage
U.S.
Percentage
Percent Difference
(Oakland County vs. U.S.)
People under 5
years 67,659 5.3% 5.9% (-0.6%)
People over 65
years 215,043 16.9% 16.0% 0.9%
People of color
(including Hispanic) 374,326 29.4% 40.6% (-11.2%)
People who don’t
speak English well 21,025 1.7% 4.1% (-2.4%)
People without a
high school degree 48,382 5.4% 11.1% (-5.7%)
Families in poverty 15,479 4.7% 8.9% (-4.2%)
Housing units that
are rentals 147,099 28.3% 35.4% (-7.1%)
Households with no
car 28,381 5.5% 8.3% (-2.8%)
People with
disabilities 144,275 11.4% 12.6% (-1.2%)
People without
health insurance 52,204 4.1% 8.5% (-4.4%)
High Reliability: Data with coefficients of variation (CVs) < 12% are in black to show that the sampling error is small.
Medium Reliability: Data with CVs between 12 & 40% are in orange. These values should be interpreted with caution.
Low Reliability: Data with CVs > 40% are displayed in red to indicate that the estimate is considered very unreliable.
* ACS 5-year estimates: 2021 represents average characteristics from 2017-2021.
CITATION: U.S. Department of Commerce. 2022. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Office, Washington D.C.,
reported by Headwaters Economics’ Neighborhoods at Risk, headwaterseconomics.org/par.
Source: Neighborhoods At Risk (2021), U.S. Census Bureau (2021)
Table 3-14 illustrates 34 (out of 338) census tracts in Oakland County that are identified as
“disadvantaged”. According to the Council on Environmental Quality (ACEQ), a community is
identified as “disadvantaged” if it is located in a census tract that is at or above the threshold
for one or more environmental, climate, or other burdens and at or above the threshold for
associated socioeconomic burdens, including poverty and language barriers.
The total population of these 34 census tracts is 123,692, which is 0.09% of the total Oakland
County population (US Census Bureau, 2021). Each census tract is further identified in
(Appendix F – Disadvantaged Communities), illustrating the specific socioeconomic burdens of
each census tract.
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Table 3-21: Oakland County Disadvantaged Census Tracts
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACTS
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME TRACT?
26125135000 3,842 TRUE
26125140900 5,419 TRUE
26125141000 5,225 TRUE
26125141100 2,984 TRUE
26125141200 3,136 TRUE
26125141300 3,719 TRUE
26125141400 4,626 TRUE
26125141500 6,378 TRUE
26125141600 4,485 TRUE
26125141700 2,268 TRUE
26125142000 2,348 TRUE
26125142100 1,584 TRUE
26125142200 2,764 TRUE
26125142300 2,307 TRUE
26125142400 3,428 TRUE
26125142600 3,539 TRUE
26125142700 3,797 TRUE
26125144701 3,830 TRUE
26125160300 3,001 TRUE
26125160400 2,816 TRUE
26125161400 4,032 TRUE
26125162400 2,289 TRUE
26125171300 3,356 FALSE
26125171500 5,194 TRUE
26125171600 2,061 TRUE
26125172400 1,651 TRUE
26125172500 2,411 TRUE
26125175100 5,169 TRUE
26125175200 3,910 TRUE
26125175300 4,314 TRUE
26125181000 3,875 TRUE
26125181300 6,002 TRUE
26125181600 5,236 TRUE
26125198100 2,696 FALSE
Total Population in Disadvantaged Census Tracts: 123,692
The Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST) highlights disadvantaged census tracts across all 50 states, the
District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories. Communities are considered disadvantaged:
• If they are in census tracts that meet the thresholds for at least one of the tool’s categories of burden, or
• If they are on land within the boundaries of Federally Recognized Tribes.
The CEJST tool uses datasets as indicators of burdens. The burdens are organized into categories. A community is
highlighted as disadvantaged if it is located in a census tract that is:
1. At or above the threshold for one or more environmental, climate, or other burdens, and,
2. At or above the threshold for an associated socioeconomic burden.
In addition, a census tract that is completely surrounded by disadvantaged communities and is at or above the 50%
percentile for low income is also considered disadvantaged.
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality - Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
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Figure 3-5 illustrates the Oakland County Community Resilience Index Story Map. This map
shows each participating jurisdiction with density mapping used to identify community areas
that are overburdened by the 22 challenges identified by the FEMA Community Resilience
Challenges Index.
Figure 3-4: Oakland County Community Resilience Index Story Map
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDEX STORY MAP
22 CHALLENGE VARIABLES
Population, Household, Housing Characteristics Economic Healthcare Connection to
Community
Population without a High School Diploma
Population 65 and Older
Population with a Disability
Households without a Vehicle
Households with Limited English
Single-parent Households
Households without a Smartphone
Mobile Homes as Percentage of Housing
Owner-Occupied Housing
Population Below Poverty Level
Median Household Income
Unemployed Labor Force
Unemployed Women Labor Force
Income Inequality
Workforce in Predominant Sector
Number of
Hospitals
Medical
Professional
Capacity
Population
without Health
Insurance
Presence of Civic and
Social Organizations
Population without
Religious Affiliation
Percent of Inactive
Voters
Population Change
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) 2023
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3.11 Community Services/Organizations
Natural gas service is provided to Oakland County customers by Consumers Energy, DTE Gas,
and SEMCO. Those outside of natural gas service areas and those using other heating fuels are
serviced by AmeriGas, Ferrellgas, Hamilton's Propane, Northwest Energy and Oakland Fuels.
Electrical service is provided by Consumers Energy and DTE Electric. The primary telephone
service providers are AT&T, CenturyTel Midwest, Frontier and Verizon North. Water and sewer
services for a large portion of Oakland County are overseen by the Water Resources
Commissioner's Office.
Oakland County provides a number of services to residents through various agencies and
departments, including the Office of the Water Resources Commissioner, Emergency
Management and Homeland Security, Equalization, Health Division, Parks and Recreation,
Planning and Economic Development Services and the Oakland County Sheriff's Office. Many of
the County’s services operate from the Oakland County government campus at 1200 North
Telegraph Road in Pontiac, Michigan.
Oakland County is served by 28 school districts. Also within Oakland County are multiple
colleges and universities. Additional learning resources are provided through public library
services throughout the County.
Oakland County has an extensive Parks and Recreation Department which maintains a number
of County parks. The County is also home to numerous festivals such as the annual Arts, Beats
and Eats; Renaissance Festival and the Woodward Dream Cruise. Major shopping and
entertainment venues within the County include the Great Lakes Crossing Outlets, the
Somerset Collection, Twelve Oaks Mall, the Suburban Collection Showplace, and the Pine Knob
Music Theatre.
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3.12 Critical Assets
The following list of the top critical assets was developed based on current and future land use
in Oakland County, the nature of hazards which may affect the County and the results of
community input. The following facilities and infrastructure were identified as critical to
providing essential products and services to the general public, preserving the welfare and
quality of life of the community, and assuring public safety, emergency response and disaster
recovery. Changes to the critical assets list from the original 2005 Plan included adding "other
response facilities" to hospitals and removing natural areas from the list. Natural areas are
included under open spaces.
• Central business districts.
• Commercial sites.
• Hospitals/other response facilities.
• Industrial sites.
• Open spaces.
• Public facilities.
• Residential areas.
• Roads, railroads, and bridges.
• Schools and churches.
• Sports and entertainment venues.
• Utility facilities.
Natural features are highly valued assets in Oakland County. Oakland County Planning and
Economic Development Services has established a priority ranking for all natural features to
preserve the remainder of the County’s natural heritage. The purpose of establishing priority
areas is to maintain the economic, environmental, educational, and recreational benefits that
natural areas provide.
Additional assets, because of their increased vulnerability and/or importance to the
community, are noted in this section of the plan. They include:
• Fire Stations
• Schools Districts
• Administration-related Buildings
• Historical Sites and Districts
• Historical Designations
• Manufactured Home Communities
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Figure 3-5: Fire Stations
Source: Oakland County, MI
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Figure 3-6: School Districts
Source: Oakland County, MI
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Figure 3-7: Administration-related Buildings
Source: Oakland County, MI
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
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Figure 3-8: Historical Sites and Districts
Source: Oakland County, MI
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
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Table 3-22: Historical Designations
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Source: Oakland County, MI
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
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Figure 3-9: Manufactured Home Communities
Source: Oakland County, MI
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References
Access Oakland. (2023, April 24). OK Railroad. Retrieved from Access Oakland:
https://accessoakland.oakgov.com/datasets/oc-railroad/explore
AirNav. (2023, April 24). Oakland Southwest Airport - FAA Information. Retrieved from AirNav:
http://www.airnav.com/airport/Y47
Census Reporter. (2023, April 24). Oakland County, MI. Retrieved from Census Reporter:
https://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US26125-oakland-county-mi/
FEMA National Risk Index. (2023, April 25). National Risk Index. Retrieved from FEMA National Risk
Index: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/report/viewer?dataLOD=Counties&dataIDs=C26125
NOAA. (2023, April 24). Southeast Michigan Climate Information. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.weather.gov/dtx/monthlynormals
Oakland County. (2023, April 24). About the Oakland County Airports. Retrieved from Oakland
County: https://www.oakgov.com/community/airports
Oakland County. (2023, April 24). About the Oakland County Airports. Retrieved from Oakland
County: https://www.oakgov.com/community/airports
OCRC. (2023, April 24). Road Commision for Oakland County. Retrieved from OCRC:
https://www.rcocweb.org/27/About-Us
SEMCOG. (2023, April 25). Community Profile: Oakland County, MI. Retrieved from SEMCOG:
https://semcog.org/community-profiles/communities=2999#EconomyJobs
SEMCOG. (2023, April 24). Population and Households. Retrieved from SEMCOG:
https://semcog.org/community-profiles/communities=2999#People
SEMCOG. (2023, April 24). Transportation. Retrieved from SEMCOG:
https://semcog.org/community-profiles/communities=2999#Transportation
Smartbus. (2023, April 24). About: Our Organization. Retrieved from Smartbus:
https://www.smartbus.org/About/Our-Organization
U.S. Census Bureau. (2023, April 24). Oakland County, Michigan. Retrieved from U.S. Census
Bureau: https://data.census.gov/profile/Oakland_County,_Michigan?g=050XX00US26125
U.S. Census Bureau. (2023, April 24). Quick Facts. Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau:
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/oaklandcountymichigan
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Chapter 4: Hazard Profile & Risk
Assessment
4.1 Overview
This Plan evaluated over 40 hazards during the 2023 Oakland County HMP Update. Risks were
identified using a combination of historical research, surveys, workshops, community, and
public meetings, and the 2017 Plan. Based on this evaluation, specific hazards were identified
as requiring additional consideration and therefore are the focus of this Mitigation Plan. These
hazards were selected to represent both County-wide and local community concerns.
Evaluation of these hazards does not reduce the significance of a hazard event from any of the
hazards evaluated but provides a method for Oakland County to focus mitigation activities and
resources.
Some hazards were consolidated into similar groupings (e.g., all forms of infrastructure failure
were ultimately combined). Per FEMA’s mandate to address all natural hazards, the following
natural hazards were not included because these hazards do not directly impact the County.
They are:
• Hurricanes
• Sea Level Rise
• Storm Surge
• Tsunami
While this section provides a detailed description and profile of each hazard, the analysis is
provided at the county level. Specific hazard risks and concerns for the municipalities and
school districts are addressed in Volume II and Volume III of this Plan. The hazards that are
addressed in this section are:
Natural Hazards
• Drought
• Earthquake
• Extreme Heat
• Flooding – Riverine and
Urban/Depressional
• Fog
• Invasive Species
• High Hazard Dams
• Severe Summer Storms
o Thunderstorms
o Lightning
o Microbursts/High Winds
o Hailstorms
• Severe Winter Storms
o Extreme Cold
o Ice and Sleet Storms
o Snowstorm/Blizzard
• Subsidence
o Natural
o Mining
• Tornadoes
• Wildfires
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4.1.1 Presidential Disaster (DR) and Emergency Declarations (EM) in Oakland
County
Table 4-1 lists all disaster and emergency declarations in Oakland County according to FEMA. This
list shows the foundation for identifying what hazards pose the most significant risk within
Oakland County.
While severe storms have been the most significant natural hazard Oakland has experienced,
flooding and snowstorms have also created damage that have received a federal disaster
declaration over the past years. The table below lists the county's presidential or federal
disaster declarations since 1953.
Table 4-23. State and Federal Disaster Declarations for Oakland County
Incident Type Declaration Title Declaration
Date
FEMA Disaster
Number Location Declaration
Type
Flood Severe Storms, High Winds, &
Flooding 4/26/75 465 MI DR
Severe Storm Severe Storms, Tornadoes,
Icing & Flooding 3/19/76 495 MI DR
Snowstorm Blizzards & Snowstorms 1/27/78 3057 MI EM
Severe Storm Severe Storms, Tornadoes,
and Flooding 7/11/97 1181 MI DR
Snowstorm MI – Severe Weather 1/2 /99 1/27/99 3137 MI EM
Severe Storm Severe Storms, and Flooding 10/17/00 1346 MI DR
Snowstorm Snow 1/10/01 3160 MI EM
Other Power Outage 9/23/03 3189 MI EM
Severe Storm Severe Storms, Tornadoes,
and Flooding 6/30/04 1527 MI DR
Hurricane Hurricane Katrina Evacuation 9/7/05 3225 MI EM
Flood Severe Storms, and Flooding 9/25/14 4195 MI DR
Biological COVID-19 3/13/20 3455 MI EM
Biological COVID-19 Pandemic 3/27/20 4494 MI DR
Severe Storms Severe Storms, Flooding, and
Tornadoes 7/15/2021 4607 MI DR
(IA only)
4.2 Risk Assessment Methodology
4.2.1 Probability of Occurrence
The probability of occurrence of a hazard is indicated by a probability factor based on the
likelihood of annual occurrence:
• High: Significant hazard event is likely to occur annually (Probability Factor = 3)
• Medium: Significant hazard event is likely to occur within 25 years (Probability Factor =
2)
• Low: Significant hazard event is likely to occur within 100 years (Probability Factor = 1)
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• Unlikely: There is little to no probability of significant occurrence, or the recurrence
interval is greater than every 100 years (Probability Factor = 0)
The assessment of hazard frequency is generally based on past hazard events in the area.
4.2.2 Extent
Extent was assessed in two categories: extent/intensity and catastrophic potential of the
hazard. Numerical impact factors were assigned as follows:
Extent/Intensity: Extent is the range of anticipated intensities of the identified hazards. Extent
is most commonly expressed using various scientific scales, such as the Enhanced Fujita scale.
• High: Historical and/or probabilistic models/studies for this hazard indicate the
possibility of a high-intensity incident (Extent Factor = 3)
• Medium: Historical and/or probabilistic models/studies for this hazard indicate the
possibility of a medium-intensity incident (Extent Factor = 2)
• Low: Historical and/or probabilistic models/studies for this hazard indicate the
possibility of a low-intensity incident (Extent Factor = 1)
• Unlikely: Historical and/or probabilistic models/studies for this hazard indicate the
possibility of little to no intensity (Extent Factor = 0)
Catastrophic Factor: The potential that an occurrence of this hazard could be catastrophic.
• High: High potential that this hazard could be catastrophic (Extent Factor = 3)
• Medium: Medium potential that this hazard could be catastrophic (Extent Factor = 2)
• Low: Low potential that this hazard could be catastrophic (Extent Factor = 1)
• Unlikely: Virtually no potential that this hazard could be catastrophic (Extent Factor = 0)
Each category was assigned a weighting factor to reflect its significance, consistent with those
typically used for measuring the benefits of hazard mitigation actions: a weighting factor of 3
was assigned for Extent/Intensity and its potential for Catastrophe.
4.2.3 Vulnerability
Vulnerabilities were assessed in three categories: population exposure, property exposure, and
exposure based on changes in development. Numerical impact factors were assigned as
follows:
People: Values were assigned based on the percentage of the total population exposed to the
hazard event.
• High: 30% or more of the population is exposed to this hazard (Vulnerability Factor = 3)
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• Medium: 15% to 29% of the population is exposed to this hazard (Vulnerability Factor =
2)
• Low: 14% or less of the population is exposed to this hazard (Vulnerability Factor = 1)
• No Vulnerability: None of the population is exposed to this hazard (Vulnerability Factor
= 0)
Property Exposed: Values were assigned based on the percentage of the total property value
exposed to the hazard event.
• High: 25% or more of the total assessed property value is exposed to the hazard
(Vulnerability Factor = 3)
• Medium: 10% to 24% of the total assessed property value is exposed to the hazard
(Vulnerability Factor = 2)
• Low: 9% or less of the total assessed property value is exposed to the hazard
(Vulnerability Factor = 1)
• No Vulnerability: None of the total assessed property value is exposed to the hazard
(Vulnerability Factor = 0)
Changes in Development Factor: Changes in development since the previous Plan was
approved have increased or decreased the community’s vulnerability/exposure to this hazard.
• High: Changes in development have significantly increased the vulnerability/exposure of
the community to this hazard (Vulnerability Factor = 3)
• Medium: Changes in development have increased the vulnerability/exposure of the
community to this hazard, but not significantly (Vulnerability Factor = 2)
• Low: Changes in development have minimally increased the vulnerability/exposure of
the community to this hazard (Vulnerability Factor = 1)
• No Vulnerability: Changes in development have had no effect and/or have decreased
the vulnerability/exposure of the community to this hazard (Vulnerability Factor = 0)
Each category was assigned a weighting factor to reflect its significance, consistent with those
typically used for measuring the benefits of hazard mitigation actions: a weighting factor of 3
was assigned for People, and a weighting factor of 1 was assigned for Property Exposed and
Changes in Development.
4.2.4 Impact
Hazard impacts were assessed in eight categories: population and life/safety,
underserved/equity, property damages, economic, environmental, essential operations, future
development, and climate change. Numerical impact factors were assigned as follows:
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Population and Life/Safety: Values were assigned based on (1) best available historical and
probabilistic data for individuals vulnerable to the hazard event and (2) the likelihood to
experience adverse impacts in the event of its occurrence.
• High: Populations exposed to this hazard are likely to experience significant adverse
impacts (Impact Factor = 3)
• Medium: Populations exposed to this hazard are likely to experience some adverse
impacts (Impact Factor = 2)
• Low: Populations exposed to this hazard are likely to experience minimal adverse
impacts (Impact Factor = 1)
• No impact: Populations exposed to this hazard are not likely to experience significant
adverse impacts (Impact Factor = 0)
Underserved/Equity: Values were assigned based on the best available data for underserved
populations vulnerable to the hazard event and likely to experience adverse or
disproportionate impacts. As a result of the hazard incident, these populations may suffer from
greater disparities in equity.
• High: Underserved populations exposed to this hazard are likely to experience
significant adverse/disproportionate impacts (Impact Factor = 3)
• Medium: Underserved populations exposed to this hazard are likely to experience some
adverse/disproportionate impacts (Impact Factor = 2)
• Low: Underserved populations exposed to this hazard are likely to experience minimal
adverse/disproportionate impacts (Impact Factor = 1)
• No impact: Underserved populations exposed to this hazard are not likely to experience
significant adverse/disproportionate impacts (Impact Factor = 0)
Property Damages: Values were assigned based on the expected total property damages
incurred from a hazard incident. It is important to note that values represent estimates of the
loss from a significant incident based on historical data or probabilistic models/studies.
• High: More than $5,000,000 in property damages is expected from a single major
hazard event, or damages are expected to incur 15% or more of the property value
within the jurisdiction (Impact Factor = 3)
• Medium: More than $500,000, but less than $5,000,000 in property damages is
expected from a single major hazard event, or anticipated damages are expected to be
more than 5% but less than 15% of the property value within the jurisdiction (Impact
Factor = 2)
• Low: Less than $500,000 in property damages is expected from a single major hazard
event or less than 15% of the property value within the jurisdiction (Impact Factor = 1)
• No impact: Little to no property damage is expected from a single major hazard event
(Impact Factor = 0)
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Economic Factor: An estimation of the impact (in USD) on the local economy is based on the
projected loss of business revenue, crops, worker wages, and local tax revenues or the impact
on the regional gross domestic product (GDP).
• High: Where the total economic impact is likely to be greater than $10
million (Impact Factor = 3)
• Medium: Where the total economic impact is likely to be greater than $100,000 but less
than or equal to $10 million (Impact Factor = 2)
• Low: Where the total economic impact is not likely to be greater than $100,000
(Impact Factor = 1)
• No Impact: Where there is virtually no significant economic impact (Impact Factor = 0)
Environmental Factor: Environmental impact from a major hazard event requiring outside
resources and support; and/or repair, clean-up, restoration, and/or preservation work.
• High: Environmental impact from a single major hazard event is likely to be significant,
requiring extensive outside resources and support; and/or repair, clean-up, restoration,
and/or preservation work (Impact Factor = 3)
• Medium: Environmental impact from a single major hazard event is likely to be
localized, requiring some outside resources and support; and/or repair, clean-up,
restoration, or preservation work (Impact Factor = 2)
• Low: Environmental impact from a single major hazard event is likely to be minimal,
requiring little to no outside resources and support, and/or minimal repair, clean-up,
restoration, or preservation work (Impact Factor = 1)
• No impact: No environmental impacts from a single major hazard event is likely (Impact
Factor = 0)
Essential Operations Factor: Impact on the ability of the jurisdiction to meet the essential day-
to-day operational demands and needs of the community from a single major hazard event.
• High: Significant impact on the ability of the jurisdiction to meet the essential day-to-
day operational demands and needs of the community from a single major hazard event
(Impact Factor = 3)
• Medium: Some impact on the ability of the jurisdiction to meet the essential day-to-day
operational demands and needs of the community from a single major hazard event
(Impact Factor = 2)
• Low: Minimal impact on the ability of the jurisdiction to meet the essential day-to-day
operational demands and needs of the community from a single major hazard event
(Impact Factor = 1)
• No Impact: No impact on the ability of the jurisdiction to meet the essential day-to-day
operational demands and needs of the community from a single major hazard event
(Impact Factor = 0)
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Future Development Factor: The potential that future development will have on increasing or
decreasing the impact/consequence of this hazard.
• High: Future development trends will significantly increase the impact/consequence of
this hazard (Impact Factor = 3)
• Medium: Future development trends will increase the impact/consequence of this
hazard, but not significantly (Impact Factor = 2)
• Low: Future development trends will minimally increase the impact/consequence of this
hazard (Impact Factor = 1)
• No Impact: Future development trends will not increase the impact/consequence of this
hazard and/or may even decrease the impact/consequence of this hazard
(Impact Factor = 0)
Climate Change Factor: The potential that Climate Change will increase the risk of this hazard
(i.e., type, location, and range of anticipated intensities of the identified hazard and impacts).
• High: Climate Change trends will significantly increase the risk of this hazard and its
impacts (Impact Factor = 3)
• Medium: Climate Change trends will increase the risk of this hazard and its impacts, but
not significantly (Impact Factor = 2)
• Low: Climate Change trends will minimally increase the risk of this hazard and its
impacts (Impact Factor = 1)
• No Impact: Climate Change trends will not increase the risk of this hazard and its
impacts (Impact Factor = 0)
Each category was assigned a weighting factor to reflect its significance, consistent with those
typically used for measuring the benefits of hazard mitigation actions: a weighting factor of 3
was assigned for Population and Life Safety and Underserved/Equity, and a weighting factor of 2
was assigned for Property Damages. In addition, a weighting factor of 1 was assigned for
Economic, Environmental, Essential Operations, Future Development, and Climate Change.
4.3 FEMA NRI Risk Scores
The National Risk Index (NRI) is a dataset and online tool to help illustrate the United States
communities most at risk for 18 natural hazards: Avalanche, Coastal Flooding, Cold Wave,
Drought, Earthquake, Hail, Heat Wave, Hurricane, Ice Storm, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine
Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Volcanic Activity, Wildfire, and Winter Weather.
Because not all hazards apply to the county, only those with a defined risk to the county are
included.
The National Risk Index leverages available source data for Expected Annual Loss due to these
18 hazard types, Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience, to develop a baseline relative
risk measurement for each United States county and census tract. These measurements are
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calculated using average past conditions but cannot be used to predict future outcomes for a
community. The National Risk Index is intended to fill gaps in available data and analyses to
better inform federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial decision-makers as they develop risk
reduction strategies.
4.3.1 FEMA National Risk Index Score
Table 4-24. Overall FEMA NRI Score
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA OVERALL NRI SCORE
FEMA Overall NRI Score FEMA Overall NRI Rating
96.1 / 100 Relatively High
Risk Index Scores are calculated using an equation that combines scores for Expected Annual Loss due to natural
hazards, Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience. (Expected Annual Loss X Social Vulnerability /
Community Resilience = Risk Index).
Source: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/report/viewer?dataLOD=Counties&dataIDs=C26125
4.3.2 Social Vulnerability
Social Vulnerability measures the susceptibility of social groups to the adverse impacts of
natural hazards, including disproportionate death, injury, loss, or disruption of livelihood.
Per the FEMA National Risk Index, Oakland County has a Social Vulnerability Rating of “Very
Low” and a Social Vulnerability Score of “14.60” out of 100 (FEMA, 2023).
The "Social Vulnerability Score” and “Rating” represent the relative level of a community’s
social vulnerability compared to all other communities at the same level. A community’s Social
Vulnerability Score is also proportional to a community’s risk. A higher Social Vulnerability Score
results in a higher Risk Index Score (FEMA, 2023).
Social vulnerability is one of five components included in the formulation of the “National Risk
Index Score” in addition to community resilience, estimated annual loss (EAL) based on
exposure, annualized frequency, and Historic Loss Ratio (HLR) factors (FEMA, 2023).
Table 4-25. Social Vulnerability FEMA NRI Score
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA NRI SOCIAL VULNERABILITY SCORE
Social Vulnerability Score Social Vulnerability Rating
14.6 / 100 Very Low
Social Vulnerability is measured using the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) published by the University of South
Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/social-vulnerability
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4.3.3 Community Resilience
Community Resilience measures a community's ability to prepare for anticipated natural
hazards, adapt to changing conditions, and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions.
Table 4-26. Community Resilience FEMA NRI Score
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA NRI COMMUNITY RESILIENCE SCORE
Community Resilience Score Community Resilience Rating
89.6 / 100 Very High
Community Resilience is measured using the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (HVRI BRIC)
published by the University of South Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/community-resilience
4.3.4 Community Resilience Challenges Index (CCRI) Percentile
Table 4-27. FEMA Community Resilience Challenges Index (CRCI) Percentile
OAKLAND COUNTY, IL
FEMA CRCI PERCENTILE
Community Resilience Challenges Index Percentile
7.0 / 100%
The FEMA CRCI index provides a relative composite value by county and by census tract, measured as an
average of counts of standard deviations from the national mean for each indicator. The 2023 update to the
FEMA CRCI uses the most currently available census data, the 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates, and is updated
annually.
Source: https://fema.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=90c0c996a5e242a79345cdbc5f758fc6
4.3.5 Expected Annual Loss
Expected Annual Loss (EAL) represents the expected economic damage likely to occur yearly
due to hazard events.
Table 4-28. Expected Annual Loss FEMA NRI Score (All Natural Hazards)
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA NRI EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS SCORE
Expected Annual Loss Score Expected Annual Loss Rating
96.8 / 100 Relatively High
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized
frequency, and historic loss ratios (Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss
Ratio).
Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/expected-annual-loss
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4.4 Overall Risk Scores
The following tables represent the new overall risk scores for Oakland County based on the
described methodology above. Following a data-driven quantitative assessment, the planning
team utilized subject matter knowledge and expertise and further refined the scores. FEMA NRI
Scores were used as appropriate and applicable to inform the analysis.
4.4.1 Oakland County Overall Risk Scores
Table 4-29. 2023 Hazard Risk Scores for Oakland County
Probability Consequence Total Risk
Hazard Event Probability
Factor
Sum of
Weighted
Extent
Factors
Sum of Weighted
Vulnerability
Factors
Sum of
Weighted
Impact
Factors
Consequence
Score
Total Risk Score
(Probability x
Consequence)
Flood (Flash Flooding) 3 15 11 22 48 68
Winter Storm and
Blizzards 3 12 15 11 38 56
High Winds/Severe Winds 3 9 12 14 35 52
Flood (Riverine/Creek) 2 15 9 22 46 47
Public Health
Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic
2 18 9 18 45 46
Tornadoes 2 15 5 24 44 45
Ice and/or Sleet Storms 2 12 12 19 43 44
Structural Fire 3 6 6 12 24 38
Extreme Cold 2 9 13 14 36 38
Transportation Accidents:
Highway 3 6 5 11 22 35
Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site 2 12 5 15 32 34
Hail 2 9 10 11 30 32
Thunderstorm (Lightning) 3 6 5 9 20 32
Cybersecurity 2 12 8 9 29 32
Weapons of Mass
Destruction 1 18 11 24 53 29
Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Transportation
Incident
2 6 5 15 26 29
Terrorism 1 18 5 23 46 26
Active Shooter/Active
Assailant 2 6 5 11 22 25
Nuclear Power Plant
Accidents 1 12 10 16 38 22
Invasive Species 2 6 5 8 19 22
Earthquake 1 6 15 12 33 20
Fog 2 6 3 7 16 19
Dam Failure 1 12 5 13 30 18
Extreme Heat 1 6 9 14 29 18
Transportation Accidents:
Rail 1 12 5 12 29 18
Drought 1 6 9 10 25 15
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Socio-Political Hazards
(Civil Disturbance, Social
Unrest)
1 6 5 12 23 14
Transportation Accidents:
Air 1 6 5 11 22 14
Infrastructure Failure 1 6 6 9 21 13
Subsidence (Sinkhole) 1 6 5 9 20 13
Transportation Accidents:
Marine 1 6 5 8 19 12
Oil and Gas Well
Accidents 1 6 5 8 19 12
Wildfire 1 6 5 5 16 11
Table 4-30. Hazard Risk Scores Legend
Probability
Factor
Sum of Weighted
Extent Factors
Sum of Weighted
Vulnerability
Factors
Sum of Weighted
Impact Factors Consequence Score Total Risk Score
1 Low (L) 0–6 Low (L) 0–6 Low (L) 0–12 Low (L) 0–25 Low (L) 0–24 Low (L)
2 Medium
(M) 7–12 Medium
(M) 7–12 Medium
(M) 13–26 Medium
(M) 26–50 Medium
(M)
25–
59
Medium
(M)
3 High (H) 13–18 High (H) 13–
18 High (H) 27–39 High (H) 51–75 High (H) 60–
100 High (H)
* The Legend – specifically the assignment of low, medium, and high—provides an additional means to qualitatively assess the
probability factor, sum of weighted factors, and the total risk scores for each hazard.
The Consequence Score represents the sum of the Extent, Vulnerability, and Impact Factors.
The Total Risk Score is a measure of Probability and Consequence.
Note: If you are accessing the Microsoft Word version of this Plan, double-click on the icon
below to access the entire assessment. The first tab includes the assessment, and the second
includes the final scores.
Oakland County MI HMP Hazard Rankin
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4.5 Drought
Hazard Description
Drought is an extended period with significantly low precipitation levels that usually occurs
during planting and growing seasons.
Hazard Location
Drought could occur anywhere in Oakland County, likely affecting the entire county.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Figure 4-2 displays the precipitation conditions for the United States using the Palmer Drought
Severity Index (PDSI), taken from the National Weather Service (NWS). The PDSI quantifies
drought in terms of prolonged and abnormal moisture deficiency or excess. This index indicates
general conditions and not local variations caused by isolated rain. The PDSI is an important
climatological tool for evaluating the scope, severity, and frequency of prolonged periods of
abnormally dry or wet weather. In addition, it can help delineate disaster areas and indicate the
availability of irrigation water supplies, reservoir levels, range conditions, amount of stock
water, and potential intensity of forest fires (NCAR, 2023).
The PDSI compares moisture deficiency and excess on a numerical scale that usually ranges
from positive five to negative five. Positive values reflect excess moisture supplies, while
negative values indicate moisture demands in excess of supplies.
Figure 4-10. Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)
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Figure 4-11. U.S. Drought Severity Index by Division
The National Drought Mitigation Center also rates drought nationwide by intensity using a D0
(Abnormally Dry) to D4 (Exceptional Drought) scale, as seen in the map of Michigan.
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Figure 4-12. U.S. Drought Monitor – Michigan (2023)
Probability and Frequency
“Meteorological drought can begin and end rapidly, while hydrological drought takes much
longer to develop and recover. Over the decades, many indices have been developed to
measure drought in these various sectors. For example, the U.S. Drought Monitor depicts
drought integrated across all time scales and differentiates between agricultural and
hydrological impacts (NOAA, 2023).” The NOAA uses the PDSI to measure drought conditions,
illustrated in Figure 4-1. Subsequently, Figure 4-4 shows the frequency of drought events in
Oakland County between the year 2000 and the year 2023.
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Figure 4-13. U.S. Drought Monitor – Oakland County, Michigan (2023)
Past Events
Extreme drought conditions in 1976-1977 contributed heavily to the large wildfire that struck
the Seney area in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula in July 1976 (Michigan Hazard Analysis, 2006).
During a drought in 1988, Michigan took several steps to combat the impacts of the drought on
businesses, natural resources, and individual citizens. A statewide burning ban was enacted,
and water use restrictions were implemented in many communities.
During a drought that struck Michigan from 1998-2003, one-third of the state’s fruit, vegetable,
and field crops were destroyed. This drought resulted in a U.S. Department of Agriculture
Disaster Declaration for 82 state counties, including Oakland County. In addition, the drought
led to water shortages in southeast Michigan, forcing local officials to issue water usage
restrictions.
The Upper Peninsula of Michigan suffered drought conditions between 16 and 22 months
starting in 2005. The hay crop in the Eastern U.P. was only 50 to 70 percent of normal, and the
resulting lack of feed led some farmers to downsize their cattle herds. In the northern tip of the
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Lower Peninsula, the proprietors of farms and golf courses suffered very high utility bills due to
the need for near-constant irrigation. Corn and bean crops were severely impacted. A burning
ban was also issued for most of the state (the first such ban since 1998) to reduce the risk
of wildfires.
Table 4-9 shows the recorded drought events for Oakland County from 1950 to 2023, as
recorded by NOAA’s National Climate Data Center. From 1950 to 2023, Oakland County
recorded two events with no associated injuries or deaths.
Table 4-31. Drought Activity in Oakland County, MI (2018-2022)
Location County/Zone St. Date Time T.Z. Type Dth Inj PrD CrD
Totals: 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND (ZONE) OAKLAND MI 07/01/2001 00:00 EST Drought 0 0 0 0.00K
OAKLAND (ZONE) OAKLAND MI 09/01/2002 00:00 EST Drought 0 0 0 0.00K
Totals: 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
Vulnerability and Impacts
Life Safety and Health: Droughts affect life safety and public health in several ways. Health
problems can arise from poor water quality, poor food quality, and increased dust in the air. In
addition, droughts make fires more likely, spread more quickly, and make them more
challenging. In addition, poor air quality and a lack of water may reduce residents’ engagement
in recreational activities, reducing overall mental and physical well-being (NDMC, 2023).
Figure 4-14. Populations Vulnerable to Drought in Oakland County
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey
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Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Drought has a negligible impact on buildings.
Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities include the loss of essential functions due to low
water supplies. Severe droughts can negatively affect drinking water supplies. Should a public
water system be involved, the losses could total millions if outside water is shipped. Possible
losses to infrastructure include the loss of potable water.
Economy: Although no data demonstrates the economic impact of past drought events on
Oakland County, the most significant economic effect of drought is on agriculture, which is not
an essential economic driver.
Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: No data exists demonstrating
the impact of drought on future development in Oakland County. However, excessive drought
can result in water shortages and increased competition for limited water resources, which can
limit the ability of developers to expand projects within the county.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: According to University Corporation for
Atmospheric Research (UCAR), climate change is causing more extreme weather events,
including severe drought. UCAR explains that warmer temperatures cause more evaporation,
turning water into vapor in the air and causing drought in some areas of the world. Places
prone to drought are expected to become even drier over the following century (UCAR, 2023).
Climate Change Impact on Drought in Oakland County: Higher temperatures, increasing
variation in precipitation patterns, and changes in lake levels are likely to increase the
vulnerability of cities to extreme events (including flooding, drought, heat waves, and more
intense urban heat island effects), compounding already existing stressors.
Table 4-32. 25-Year Climate Projections for Oakland County
25-YEAR CLIMATE PROJECTIONS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
HIGHER EMISSIONS (RCP8.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 164% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 7 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 11 days per year).
LOWER EMISSIONS (RCP4.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 112% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 4 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 7 days per year).
Source: Neighborhoods at Risk (https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate)
Table 4-33. Future Climate Indicators for Oakland County
FUTURE CLIMATE INDICATORS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
Indicator
Modeled
History
(1976-
2005)
Early Century
(2015-2044)
Mid Century
(2035-2064)
Late Century
(2070-2099)
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
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Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max
Precipitation
Average Annual
Total
Precipitation
32” 33” 33” 34” 34” 34” 35”
30-33 31-37 30-35 31-38 30-37 30-39 31-40
Days Per Year
With
Precipitation
194 days 192 days 191 days 191 days 189 days 190 days 187 days
191-198 179-200 178-198 179-203 172-201 177-202 157-201
Days Per Year
With No
Precipitation
172 days 173 days 174 days 174 days 176 days 175 days 178 days
167-175 165-186 167-187 162-186 164-193 163-188 164-208
Maximum
Number Of
Consecutive Dry
Days
11 days 11 days 11 days 11 days 12 days 12 days 12 days
10-12 10-13 10-13 10-13 10-14 10-13 10-16
Temperature Thresholds
Annual days
with Maximum
temperature >
90°
6 days 19 days 21 days 26 days 34 days 35 days 64 days
6-10 9-35 11-35 14-49 16-54 17-67 30-95
Annual days
with Maximum
temperature >
100°
0 days 1 day 1 day 1 day 3 days 3 days 13 days
0-0 0-2 0-4 0-9 0-15 0-9 1-48
Source: Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (2023)
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates
Table 4-34. Oakland County Expected Annual Loss Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, IL
FEMA NRI EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR DROUGHT EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss Score
Expected
Annual
Loss
Rating
0 events
per year N/A N/A N/A N/A $0 0.0
No
Expected
Annual
Losses
Annualized Frequency: The natural hazard annualized frequency is defined as the expected frequency or
probability of a hazard occurrence per year. Annualized frequency is derived either from the number of recorded
hazard occurrences each year over a given period or the modeled probability of a hazard occurrence each year.
Population: Population exposure is defined as the estimated number of people determined to be exposed to a
hazard according to a hazard type-specific methodology.
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized
frequency, and historic loss ratios (Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss
Ratio). Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/expected-annual-loss
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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FEMA Hazard-Specific Risk Index Table
Table 4-35. Oakland County Hazard Specific Risk Index Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RATINGS - DROUGHT
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
0 / 100 Very Low Very High
Risk Index Scores: are a quantitative rating calculated using data for only a single hazard type. Risk Index Scores
are calculated using data for only a single hazard type, and reflect a community's Expected Annual Loss value,
community risk factors, and the adjustment factor used to calculate the risk value.
Social Vulnerability Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Social Vulnerability is measured using
the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Community Resilience Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Community Resilience is measured
using the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (HVRI BRIC) published by the University of South
Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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4.6 Earthquake
Hazard Description
According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), an earthquake happens when two earth blocks
suddenly slip past one another. The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. The
location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and
the area directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter (USGS, 2023). Figure
4-6 illustrates how this phenomenon occurs.
Figure 4-15. Earthquakes
Sometimes an earthquake has foreshocks. These more minor earthquakes happen in the same
place as the larger earthquake that follows. Scientists can’t tell if an earthquake is a foreshock
until a larger earthquake happens. The largest main earthquake is called the mainshock.
Mainshocks always have aftershocks that follow. Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that
occur afterward in the same place as the mainshock. Depending on the size of the mainshock,
aftershocks can continue for weeks, months, and even years after the mainshock occurs
(USGS, 2023).
The Earth has four primary layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust (the
lithosphere). The crust and the top portion of the mantle make up a thin skin on the surface of
our planet. This skin comprises many pieces, like a puzzle covering the earth's surface. These
puzzle pieces slowly and constantly move around, sliding past and bumping into each other.
These puzzle pieces are called tectonic plates, and the edges of the plates are called the plate
boundaries. The plate boundaries come together to make up fault lines. Most of the
earthquakes around the world occur on these fault lines. Since the edges of the plates are
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rough, some parts get caught on each other while the rest of the plate keeps moving. When the
plate has moved far enough, the edges unstick on one of the faults, and the unsticking is what
causes an earthquake (USGS, 2023). Figure 4-7 illustrates these layers.
Figure 4-16. Earthquake Layers
Hazard Location
Typically, an earthquake affects a large region, not a specific location. Because earthquakes
typically have regional effects, the entire Oakland County population could be affected.
However, given the historic severity, only a fraction of the people would be affected by a
specific event. The impact of an earthquake would be primarily on water, sewers, and gas
pipelines throughout Oakland County.
Figure 4-8 shows that Oakland County includes an area of low seismic activity called the
Grenville Front (Oakland County, 1998). This front is a line marking relatively old geological
changes making it less of a hazard than an actual fault line.
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Figure 4-17. Earthquake Map (Grenville Front)
Source: Oakland County, MI, USDA, SEMCOG
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Figure 4-18. Earthquake Vulnerability Map
Source: Oakland County, MI, USDA, SEMCOG
Hazard Extent/Intensity
“Earthquakes are one of nature’s most dangerous hazards. Earthquakes, and the potential
damage from earthquakes, are more widespread than people realize. Earthquakes are caused
by the release of strain between or within the Earth’s tectonic plates. The severity of an
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earthquake depends on the amount of strain or energy released along a fault or at the
epicenter of an earthquake. The energy released by an earthquake is sent to the earth’s surface
and released (USGS, 2023)”.
Earthquake Measurements: There are several standard measures of earthquakes, including the
Richter Scale and the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. The Richter Scale measures the
magnitude or the amount of energy an earthquake releases, while seismographs measure
magnitude. The Modified Mercalli Intensity is an observed measurement of the earthquake’s
intensity felt at the earth’s surface. The MMI varies, depending on the observer’s location at
the earthquake’s epicenter.
An earthquake’s intensity depends on the area's geologic makeup and soil stability. The effects
of earthquakes can be localized near its epicenter or felt significant distances away. For
example, a 6.8-magnitude earthquake in the New Madrid Fault in Missouri would have a much
broader impact than a similar event on the California Coast. The thick sandstone and limestone
strata of the central United States behave as “conductors” of the earthquake’s energy, and
tremors can be felt hundreds of miles away.
Figure 4-10 correlates the MMI intensity with the Richter scale and the effects of ground
shaking.
Figure 4-19. Modified Mercalli Scale vs. Richter Scale
Earthquakes can trigger other types of ground failures, which could contribute to the damage.
These include landslides, dam failures, and liquefaction. Liquefaction occurs when shaking
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mixes groundwater and soil, liquefying and weakening the ground that supports buildings and
severing utility lines. This is especially a problem in floodplains where the water table is
relatively high and the soils are more susceptible to liquefaction (USGS, 2023).
Figure 4-13 outlines forecasted ground shaking from potential earthquakes.
Probability and Frequency
Since 1938, Michigan Field has had approximately 26 earthquake-related disturbances (Plan,
2017). The largest recorded earthquake originating in Michigan was centered in Coldwater and
registered a 4.7 on the Richter scale. An earthquake of significant magnitude is unlikely to occur
due to Oakland County’s distance from the fault and the type of fault in Michigan. The
frequency is assumed to be once every 100 or more years. Although a slight disturbance from
an earthquake is possible, the probability of a significant earthquake occurring in Oakland
County is very low.
Some earthquakes have been attributed to hydraulic fracturing or fracking. Environmental
experts from the USGS have determined that recent earthquakes in Ohio and Oklahoma may be
the direct result of fracking. Fracking involves using a mixture of chemicals in a high-pressure
water stream that is pushed into layers of bedrock. This causes the natural gas located in the
area to be freed. Scientists state that fracking increases damage to existing fault lines causing
them to shift or become unsteady.
Figure 4-20. USGS Seismic Hazard Map – Michigan (2017)
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Figure 4-21. Forecast for Damage from Natural and Induced Earthquakes in 2017
Figure 4-22. USGS Forecast for Ground Shaking Intensity from Natural / Induced Earthquakes – 2017
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Past Events
Most earthquakes that occur in Michigan are minor tremors resulting in little damage.
However, several mildly damaging earthquakes have been documented in Michigan since the
late 1700s. Michigan has fault lines in the bedrock geology that are considered stable; however,
data needs to be better documented. Michigan is most likely to be affected by earthquakes in
the New Madrid Seismic Zone (centered near the Arkansas/Tennessee state line) and upstate
New York.
There are no records of earthquakes originating within Oakland County. However, since this
Plan was last updated in 2017, one earthquake has been recorded by US Geological Survey in
southern Michigan, approximately 104.6km from Oakland County.
Table 4-14 shows the earthquake event in southern Michigan from 2013 to 2023, as recorded
by USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (USGS, 2023). From 2013 to 2023, south Michigan
recorded one event with no associated injuries or deaths.
Table 4-36. Earthquake Events in Southern Michigan (2013-2023)
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
PAST EARTHQUAKE EVENTS IN SOUTHERN MICHIGAN (2013-2023)
Date Time Location Proximity to
Oakland County
Latitude/
Longitude Magnitude Depth
2022-07-11 16:49:16
(UTC)
5 km W of Luna Pier,
Michigan 104km 41.816°N
83.512°W 2.4ml 5.0km
2020-08-21 22:55:09
(UTC)
2 km SSE of Detroit
Beach, Michigan 65km 41.913°N 83.318°W 3.2mwr 12.0km
2018-04-20 00:01:35
(UTC) Michigan 72km 42.118°N 83.015°W 3.4mwr 2.7km
Source: US Geological Survey (2023)
The map shown in Figure 4-14 illustrates each (of three) earthquake events documented in
Table 4-14, as recorded by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (USGS, 2023).
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Figure 4-23. Recorded Earthquake Events in Southern Michigan from 2013 to 2023
Vulnerability and Impacts
Life Safety and Health: According to FEMA, earthquakes can have various life safety and health
impacts, including:
• Injury and Loss of Life: The violent shaking and ground movement during an earthquake
can cause injuries, and in severe cases, lead to loss of life. Falling objects, structural
collapses, and debris can pose immediate risks to individuals in affected areas.
• Structural Damage: Earthquakes can damage buildings, homes, and infrastructure,
making them unsafe for occupancy. This can result in injuries, homelessness, and the
need for temporary shelter.
• Displacement: People may be forced to evacuate their homes due to earthquake
damage or the risk of aftershocks. This displacement can lead to overcrowding in
emergency shelters and increased stress for affected individuals and families.
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• Healthcare System Strain: Earthquakes can overwhelm healthcare systems with a surge
of injured individuals in need of medical attention. Hospitals and medical facilities may
face challenges in providing care and resources.
• Mental Health Impact: Earthquakes can have long-lasting psychological effects, including
trauma, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may require mental
health support and counseling.
• Infrastructure Disruption: Earthquakes can damage critical infrastructure, including
roads, bridges, utilities, and communication networks, affecting emergency response
capabilities and access to essential services.
• Water Supply Contamination: Ground shaking can damage water supply systems,
leading to contamination of drinking water sources. This poses health risks and requires
water treatment and distribution efforts.
• Fire Hazards: Earthquakes can cause gas leaks and damage to electrical systems,
increasing the risk of fires. Fire outbreaks can lead to additional injuries, property
damage, and air quality issues.
• Aftershocks: Aftershocks following the initial earthquake can further damage weakened
structures, hinder response efforts, and prolong the risks to life safety and health.
Figure 4-24. Populations Vulnerable to Earthquake in Oakland County
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey
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A HAZUS analysis was conducted to examine the life safety and health impact to people during
an earthquake incident. In this analysis, HAZUS estimates the number of people that could be
injured or killed by an earthquake in Oakland County.
The casualties are broken down into four (4) severity levels that describe the extent of the
injuries and are described as follows:
• Severity Level 1: Injuries will require medical attention, but hospitalization is not
needed.
• Severity Level 2: Injuries will require hospitalization but are not considered life-
threatening
• Severity Level 3: Injuries will require hospitalization and can become life threatening if
not
• promptly treated.
• Severity Level 4: Victims are killed by the earthquake.
The casualty estimates are provided for three (3) times of day: 2:00 AM, 2:00 PM and 5:00 PM.
These times represent the periods of the day when different sectors of the community are at
their peak occupancy loads. The 2:00 AM estimate considers that the residential occupancy
load is maximum, the 2:00 PM estimate considers that the educational, commercial and
industrial sector loads are maximum and 5:00 PM represents peak commute time.
Table 4-15 provides a summary of the casualties estimated by HAZUS for an earthquake.
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Table 4-37. HAZUS Casualty Estimates
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Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Generally, wood frame buildings and structures
on solid ground fare best during an earthquake. Wood frame buildings are flexible enough to
withstand ground shaking and swaying. Evaluations of recent earthquakes found that damage
was primarily caused to:
• Unreinforced masonry structures.
• Older buildings with some degree of deterioration.
• Buildings without foundation ties.
• Multi-story structures with open or “soft” first floors.
Most building codes have standards related to the first three concerns. This means the most
threatened buildings are older ones (built before current regulations), masonry ones, and taller
ones with open first floors. Most other buildings, especially those made under a building code,
would have little or no damage. However, some content damage can be expected if items fall
from shelves.
In addition to the building type, the damage is related to the underlying soils. Buildings on solid
ground fare better, while those on loose or sandy soils will suffer more from shaking. These can
be found in floodplains. If enough water is present, the shaking can liquefy the underlying soils,
removing the support under the foundation.
A HAZUS analysis was conducted to examine the exposure and damages of buildings to an
earthquake incident.
Building Damage: HAZUS estimates that no buildings will be at least moderately damaged. This
is over 0.00% of the total number of buildings in the region. There are also no estimated
buildings that will be damaged beyond repair. Table 4-16 summarizes the expected damage by
general building type.
Table 4-38. HAZUS Expected Building Damage by Occupancy
Expected Building Damage by Occupancy
Damage None Slight Moderate Extensive Complete
Type Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %
Agriculture 934 0.19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Commercial 37,449 7.82 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Education 919 0.19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Government 481 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Industrial 8,941 1.87 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other Residential 20,136 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion 1,381 0.29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Single Family 408,823 85.34 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 479,064 0 0 0 0
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Table 4-39. HAZUS Expected Building Damage by Building Type (All Design Levels)
Expected Building Damage by Building Type (All Design Levels)
Damage None Slight Moderate Extensive Complete
Type Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %
Wood 375,838.70 78.45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Steel 15,242.04 3.18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Concrete 3,632.06 0.76 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Precast 3,711.54 0.77 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
RM 1,439.15 0.30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
URM 74,930.51 15.64 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
MH 4,270.00 0.89 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 479,064 0 0 0 0
Note: RM: Reinforced Masonry, URM: Unreinforced Masonry, MH: Manufactured Housing
Essential Facility Damage: HAZUS estimates show that before the earthquake, the region had
4,435 hospital beds available for use. On the day of the earthquake, the model estimates that
only 4,419 hospital beds (100.00%) are available for use by patients already in the hospital and
those injured by the earthquake. After one week, 100.00% of the beds will be back in service.
By 30 days, 100.00% will be operational. Table 4-18 illustrates expected damage to quantities of
essential facilities.
Table 4-40. HAZUS Expected Damage to Essential Facilities
Expected Damage to # of Essential Facilities
Classification Total At Least Moderate
Damage > 50%
Complete
Damage >
50%
With
Functionality
> 50% on
day 1
Hospitals 18 0 0 18
Schools 471 0 0 471
Emergency Operations Center 9 0 0 9
Police Stations 46 0 0 46
Fire Stations 109 0 0 109
Fire Following Earthquake: Fires often occur after an earthquake. Because of the number of
fires and the lack of water to fight the fires, they can often burn out of control. HAZUS uses a
Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the number of ignitions and the amount of burnt
area. For this scenario, the model estimates that there will be 0 ignitions that will burn about
0.00 sq. mi 0.00% of the region’s total area. The model also estimates that the fires will displace
about 0 people and burn about 0 (millions of dollars) of building value.
Debris Generation: HAZUS estimates the amount of debris that will be generated by the
earthquake. The model breaks the debris into two general categories:
• Brick/Wood, and
• Reinforced Concrete/Steel.
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This distinction is made because of the different types of material handling equipment required
to handle the debris.
The model estimates that a total of 0 tons of debris will be generated. Of the total amount,
Brick/Wood comprises % of the total, with the remainder being Reinforced Concrete/Steel. If
the debris tonnage is converted to an estimated number of truckloads, it will require 0
truckloads (@25 tons/truck) to remove the debris generated by the earthquake.
Shelter Impact: HAZUS estimates the number of households that are expected to be displaced
from their homes due to the earthquake and the number of displaced people that will require
accommodations in temporary public shelters. The model estimates 0 households to be
displaced due to the earthquake. Of these, 0 people (out of a total population of 1,274,395) will
seek temporary shelter in public shelters.
Transportation and Utility Lifeline Impact: HAZUS computes the direct repair cost for each
component only. There are no losses computed by Hazus for business interruption due to
lifeline outages. Table 4-19 & Table 4-20 provide a detailed breakdown in the expected lifeline
losses.
Economy: HAZUS computes the direct repair cost for each component only. There are no losses
computed by HAZUS for business interruption due to lifeline outages. Table 4-19 & Table 4-20
provide a detailed breakdown in the expected lifeline losses.
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Table 4-41. HAZUS Transportation System Economic Losses
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Table 4-42. HAZUS Utility System Economic Losses
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Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: No data exists demonstrating
the impact of earthquakes on future development in Oakland County. However, past
earthquakes have been shown to impact zoning regulations and building codes requiring
developers to build structures more resistant to seismic activity.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: The exact nature and extent of this impact
still need to be studied and fully understood regarding climate change.
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates
Table 4-43. Oakland County Expected Annual Loss Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA NRI EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR EARTHQUAKE EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Expected
Annual
Loss
Rating
0.017%
chance 0.02 $251,866 $970,754 N/A $1,222,620 81.1 Relatively
Low
Annualized Frequency: The natural hazard annualized frequency is defined as the expected frequency or
probability of a hazard occurrence per year. Annualized frequency is derived either from the number of recorded
hazard occurrences each year over a given period or the modeled probability of a hazard occurrence each year.
Population: Population exposure is defined as the estimated number of people determined to be exposed to a
hazard according to a hazard type-specific methodology.
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized
frequency, and historic loss ratios (Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss
Ratio). Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/expected-annual-loss
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
FEMA Hazard-Specific Risk Index Table
Table 4-44. Oakland County Hazard Specific Risk Index Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RATINGS - EARTHQUAKE
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
80.9 / 100 Very Low Very High
Risk Index Scores: are a quantitative rating calculated using data for only a single hazard type. Risk Index Scores
are calculated using data for only a single hazard type, and reflect a community's Expected Annual Loss value,
community risk factors, and the adjustment factor used to calculate the risk value.
Social Vulnerability Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Social Vulnerability is measured using
the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Community Resilience Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Community Resilience is measured
using the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (HVRI BRIC) published by the University of South
Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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4.7 Extreme Heat
Hazard Description
According to the NOAA, "extreme heat" refers to excessively hot and humid weather, which
may be accompanied by high ozone levels, that can cause significant health problems,
particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and those with pre-
existing medical conditions. The threshold for extreme heat can vary depending on location but
is generally defined as a heat index of 105°F or higher for at least two consecutive hours.
“The heat index measures how hot it feels when relative humidity is factored in with the actual
air temperature. The relative humidity is the percentage of moisture in the air compared with
the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold. Humidity is an important factor in how hot
it feels because when humidity is high, water doesn’t evaporate as easily, so it’s harder for your
body to cool off by sweating (US EPA, CDC, 2023)”.
Figure 4-16 shows the NOAA’s Heat Index (US EPA, CDC, 2023).
Hazard Location
Extreme heat could occur anywhere in Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
When an extreme heat event occurs, the National Weather Service may issue an excessive heat
warning, a heat watch, a heat advisory, or a heat outlook. The NWS defines these as the
following:
• Excessive Heat Warning: Take Action! An Excessive Heat Warning is issued within 12
hours of the onset of extremely dangerous heat conditions. The general rule of thumb
for this Warning is when the maximum heat index temperature is expected to be 105°
or higher for at least two days, and nighttime air temperatures will not drop below 75°;
however, these criteria vary across the country, especially for areas not used to extreme
heat conditions. If you don’t take precautions immediately during extreme conditions,
you may become seriously ill or die.
• Excessive Heat Watches: Be Prepared! Heat watches are issued when conditions are
favorable for an extreme heat event in the next 24 to 72 hours. A Watch is used when
the risk of a heat wave has increased, but its occurrence and timing are still uncertain.
• Heat Advisory: Take Action! A Heat Advisory is issued within 12 hours of the onset of
hazardous heat conditions. The general rule of thumb for this Advisory is when the
maximum heat index temperature is expected to be 100° or higher for at least two days,
and nighttime air temperatures will not drop below 75°; however, these criteria vary
across the country, especially for areas that are not used to dangerous heat conditions.
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Take precautions to avoid heat illness. If you don’t take precautions, you may become
seriously ill or even die.
• Excessive Heat Outlooks are issued when the potential exists for an extreme heat event
in the next three to seven days. An Outlook provides information to those needing
considerable time to prepare for the event.
Figure 4-25. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service Heat Index
Probability and Frequency
On average, the U.S. has been experiencing warmer summers throughout the past decade. This
warming is correlated to recent changes in climate. “Without big steps to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions, the average number of extremely hot days in the United States is projected to
more than triple from 2050 to 2100 (US EPA, CDC, 2023, p. 6)”.
Past Events
The highest temperature recorded in Michigan was 112ºF on July 13, 1936, in Mio. During that
week, 570 people died state-wide, and there were 5,000 deaths nationwide attributed to the
heat wave (Michigan Hazard Analysis, 2006).
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During a heat wave in the summer of 1988, for 39 days, we had temperatures of 90ºF or
greater. Temperatures in southeast Michigan topped the 100ºF mark on five occasions.
In July 1999, a heat wave that struck the Midwest and east coast resulted in an estimated 256
heat-related deaths in 20 states, including one in Michigan.
In mid-July of 2011, a heat wave helped cap off Detroit's warmest month on record. Three
direct deaths were reported (including one fatality in Oakland County) due to the heat wave, as
heat indices were above 100 degrees (NOAA, 2023).
Between 2011 and 2023, NOAA has not recorded any extreme heat events. However, cooling
centers activations occurred in the County during the following dates over the past 5 years:
• July 2019
• July 2020
• August 2021
• June 2022
• June 2023
• July 2023
• August 2023
Vulnerability and Impacts
Life Safety and Health: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
extreme heat is a serious threat to life safety and health. The CDC provides extensive
information on this topic and outlines some of the ways that extreme heat can affect health
and safety. For instance, high temperatures can cause heat exhaustion, leading to heat stroke if
left untreated. Symptoms of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness,
headache, nausea, and vomiting. Extreme heat can also cause dehydration, leading to kidney
damage, seizures, and even coma. Furthermore, it can stress the heart and blood vessels,
increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke, particularly in people with preexisting
cardiovascular conditions. Heat can also worsen respiratory problems such as asthma and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), increasing the risk of respiratory infections.
Additionally, extreme heat can exacerbate other health issues, including diabetes, mental
health, and skin conditions. In some severe cases, heat can cause death, particularly in
vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and those with preexisting health
conditions. To stay safe during extreme heat, the CDC recommends staying hydrated, avoiding
outdoor activities during the hottest part of the day, wearing loose, lightweight clothing, and
seeking out air-conditioned environments when possible.
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Figure 4-26. Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Heat in Oakland County
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey
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Figure 4-27. Extreme Temperature Vulnerability Map
Source: Oakland County, MI, USDA, SEMCOG
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Figure 4-28. Expected Deaths from Increased Extreme Heat Events
As extreme heat events become more common and more severe, the EPA and CDC estimate
that deaths due to extreme heat events will increase. Figure 4-19 outlines the expected
outcomes from increased events (US EPA, CDC, 2016, p. 8)”. The U.S. EPA and CDC have also
determined that those who live in primarily urban areas, like Oakland County, are also more at
risk for experiencing adverse side effects of extreme heat events. “Less vegetation means less
shade and moisture to keep urban areas cool. In addition, conventional roofs and pavement
reflect less and absorb more of the sun’s energy, which leads to higher temperatures near
these structures. Additionally, tall buildings and narrow streets can reduce airflow, trapping the
heat absorbed during the day and heat generated by vehicles, factories, and air conditioning
vents.
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According to FEMA, extreme heat can disproportionately impact disadvantaged or challenged
communities in the following ways:
• Heat Vulnerability: Residents of disadvantaged communities may be more vulnerable to
extreme heat due to factors such as age, pre-existing health conditions, or limited
access to healthcare. They may also lack air conditioning or live in homes with poor
ventilation, increasing their risk of heat-related illnesses.
• Heat Islands: Urban areas, where many disadvantaged communities are located, can
experience higher temperatures due to the urban heat island effect. Asphalt, concrete,
and limited green spaces absorb and retain heat, making these areas hotter than
surrounding regions.
• Limited Access to Cooling Centers: Disadvantaged communities may have limited access
to cooling centers or public facilities where individuals can seek relief from extreme
heat. This can leave residents with few options to escape dangerously high
temperatures.
• Financial Constraints: Low-income households may struggle to afford the increased
energy costs associated with running air conditioning or cooling systems during
heatwaves. This can lead to discomfort, health risks, and potential utility shutoffs.
• Limited Mobility: Some residents of disadvantaged communities may have limited
mobility, making it difficult for them to leave their homes or access transportation to
cooler areas during extreme heat events.
• Community Infrastructure: The quality of community infrastructure, including housing
and public spaces, may be inadequate to cope with extreme heat. Insufficient green
spaces, poor building design, and limited access to shade can exacerbate heat-related
challenges.
• Social Isolation: Disadvantaged individuals may experience social isolation, reducing
their support networks during extreme heat events. This isolation can impact their
ability to seek help or assistance.
• Language and Cultural Barriers: Communities with non-English-speaking populations or
cultural differences may face challenges in receiving and understanding heat advisories
and instructions, hindering their ability to respond effectively.
Figure 3-6 in the Community Profile section illustrates the Oakland County Community
Resilience Index Story Map. This map shows each participating jurisdiction with density
mapping used to identify community areas that are overburdened by the 22 challenges
identified by the FEMA Community Resilience Challenges Index.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Heat has little or no impact on structures. The
demand for electric utilities will be elevated due to increased demand for cooling systems.
Economy: No data exists demonstrating the economic impacts of past extreme heat events on
Oakland County. However, extreme heat is often accompanied by drought and can harm
livestock and crops. Extreme heat can also impact energy demands and can be associated with
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wildfires. In addition, medical costs and increased emergency response costs would be
anticipated with an extreme heat event.
Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: Given that heat has little or no
impact on structures, extreme heat has no anticipated impact on future development.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: Average temperatures have increased by
approximately 2.5°F since the beginning of the 20th century, leading to more frequent
heatwaves. This increase in average temperature also means that heat waves are becoming
more intense and lasting longer. Heatwaves can cause heat stress, dehydration, and other heat-
related illnesses, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and
those with chronic diseases.
Climate Change Related to Extreme Heat in Oakland County:
Table 4-45. 25-Year Climate Projections for Oakland County
25-YEAR CLIMATE PROJECTIONS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
HIGHER EMISSIONS (RCP8.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 164% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 7 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 11 days per year).
LOWER EMISSIONS (RCP4.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 112% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 4 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 7 days per year).
Source: Neighborhoods at Risk (https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate)
Table 4-46. Future Climate Indicators for Oakland County
FUTURE CLIMATE INDICATORS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
Indicator
Modeled
History
(1976-
2005)
Early Century
(2015-2044)
Mid Century
(2035-2064)
Late Century
(2070-2099)
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max
Temperature Thresholds
Annual Days
With
Maximum
Temperature
>90°
6 days 19 days 21 days 46 days 34 days 35 days 64 days
6-10 9-35 11-35 14-49 16-54 17-67 30-95
Annual Days
With
Maximum
Temperature
>95°
1 day 4 days 6 days 8 days 12 days 13 days 33 days
1-1 1-13 1-17 2-24 4-32 3-38 7-70
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Annual Days
With
Maximum
Temperature
>100°
0 days 1 day 1 day 1 day 3 days 3 days 13 days
0-0 0-7 0-8 0-16 1-24 1-16 2-69
Annual Days
With
Maximum
Temperature
>105°
0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 4 days
0-0 0-1 0-0 0-1 0-3 0-2 0-29
Annual Temperature
Annual Single
Highest
Temperature
°F
94°F 98°F 98°F 99°F 101°F 101°F 105°F
93-95 94-101 95-101 96-104 97-106 97-105 99-114
Annual
Highest
Maximum
Temperature
Averaged
Over a 5-Day
Period
89°F 92°F 93°F 94°F 95°F 96°F 100°F
88-90 89-96 90-96 91-99 92-101 92-101 94-109
Cooling
Degree Days
(CDD)
654
degree-
days
938
degree-
days
980
degree-
days
1,094
degree-days
1,247
degree-
days
1,269
degree-
days
1,866
degree-
days
607-716 749-
1,237
776-
1,146 835-1,474 963-1,548 921-
1,819
1,247-
2,590
Source: Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (2023)
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates
Table 4-47. Oakland County Expected Annual Loss Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA NRI EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR EXTREME HEAT EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Expected
Annual
Loss
Rating
1.1 events
per year 0.96 $11,130,063 $42,852 $1,576 $11,174,491 99.1 Relatively
High
Annualized Frequency: The natural hazard annualized frequency is defined as the expected frequency or
probability of a hazard occurrence per year. Annualized frequency is derived either from the number of recorded
hazard occurrences each year over a given period or the modeled probability of a hazard occurrence each year.
Population: Population exposure is defined as the estimated number of people determined to be exposed to a
hazard according to a hazard type-specific methodology.
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized
frequency, and historic loss ratios (Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss
Ratio). Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/expected-annual-loss
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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FEMA Hazard-Specific Risk Index Table
Table 4-48. Oakland County Hazard Specific Risk Index Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RATINGS - EXTREME HEAT
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
98.8 / 100 Very Low Very High
Risk Index Scores: are a quantitative rating calculated using data for only a single hazard type. Risk Index Scores
are calculated using data for only a single hazard type, and reflect a community's Expected Annual Loss value,
community risk factors, and the adjustment factor used to calculate the risk value.
Social Vulnerability Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Social Vulnerability is measured using
the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Community Resilience Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Community Resilience is measured
using the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (HVRI BRIC) published by the University of South
Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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4.8 Flooding
Hazard Description
A flood is a natural event for rivers and streams and occurs when a normally dry area is
inundated with water. Excess water from snowmelt or rainfall accumulates and overflows onto
the stream banks and adjacent floodplains.
Floods are considered hazards when people and property are affected. In Michigan, flooding
occurs commonly and can occur from various sources during any season of the year.
Riverine flooding originates from a body of water, typically a river, creek, or stream, as water
levels rise onto normally dry land. Water from snowmelt, rainfall, freezing streams, ice flows, or
a combination thereof causes the river or stream to overflow its banks onto adjacent
floodplains. Winter flooding usually occurs when ice in the rivers creates dams or streams
freeze from the bottom up during extreme cold spells. Spring flooding is usually the direct
result of melting winter snowpacks, heavy spring rains, or a combination of the two.
According to the NOAA, a watershed is a land area that channels rainfall and snowmelt into
creeks, streams, rivers, and eventually to outflow points such as reservoirs, bays, and the ocean
(NOAA, 2023). Oakland County is located within the Lower Huron watershed, part of the larger
Detroit River Basin. The Lower Huron watershed includes parts of Oakland County and
neighboring counties Wayne and Monroe.
During high precipitation or rapid snowmelt, water may enter a watershed too quickly for the
land to absorb, causing “surface runoff.” This overflow can also cause water to run on and off
impervious surfaces such as parking lots, roads, buildings, and other structures, causing
urban/depressional flooding.
Urban/Depressional flooding, as defined in the Urban Flooding Awareness Act, is the
inundation of property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas,
caused by rainfall overwhelming the capacity of drainage systems, such as storm sewers. Urban
flooding does not include flooding in undeveloped or agricultural areas.
Urban flooding includes situations in which stormwater:
• Enters buildings through windows, doors, or other openings.
• Backs up through sewer pipes, showers, toilets, sinks, and floor drains.
• Seeps through walls, and/or floors.
• Accumulates on public property or rights-of-way.
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Urban flooding is characterized by its repetitive, costly, and systemic impacts on communities,
regardless of whether or not these communities are located within formally designated
floodplains or near any body of water.
Hazard Location
Figure 4-29. Riverine Flooding Vulnerability Map
Source: Oakland County, MI, USDA, SEMCOG
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Figure 4-30. 100-year Floodplain Map
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Figure 4-31. 500-year Floodplain Map
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Several factors determine the severity of floods, including rainfall intensity and duration,
topography, and ground cover.
The NFIP classifies floods through recurrence intervals, as seen in Table 4-27.
Table 4-49. NFIP Flood Recurrence Intervals
The federal standard for floodplain management under the National Flood Insurance Plan
(NFIP) is the “100-year floodplain.” This area is chosen using historical data such that in any
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given year, there is a 1% chance of a “base flood” (also known as a “100-year flood” or
“regulatory flood”). A base flood covers or exceeds the 100-year floodplain. A “500-year
floodplain” is an area with at least a .2% chance of flood occurrence in any given year (FEMA,
2023).
Figure 4-21 illustrates the 100-year floodplain map for Oakland County, while Figure 4-22
illustrates the 500-year floodplain map.
When surface water runoff introduced into streams and rivers exceeds the capacity of the
natural or constructed channels to accommodate the flow, water overflows the stream banks,
spilling out into adjacent low-lying areas. Riverine flooding occurs as a consequence. Riverine
flooding can cause two types of floods: overbank flooding and flash floods. Overbank flooding is
the increase in the volume of water within a river channel and the overflow of water from the
channel onto the adjacent floodplain. Flash floods are the most dangerous because they
combine a flood's destructive power with incredible speed and unpredictability. Flash floods
occur when excessive water fills typically dry creeks or riverbeds along with currently flowing
creeks and rivers, causing rapid water rises in a short amount of time. They can happen with
little or no warning.
Probability and Frequency
Riverine Flooding: From 1975 through 2023, two major floods in Michigan resulted in
Presidential Major Disaster Declarations (FEMA, 2023). Two of Oakland County’s major rivers,
the Clinton and Rouge Rivers, will likely flood again. Portions of the Huron River also exhibit
flooding, but less frequently. Smaller tributaries of these river systems are also likely to flood in
the future. Therefore, it is highly probable that riverine flooding will continue to be a hazard in
Oakland County.
Urban/Depressional Flooding: Oakland County has had 14 urban flooding events since 2003.
The frequency of urban flooding is dependent on seasonal weather patterns. Urban flooding is
usually caused by inadequate drainage following heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt. Urban
flooding is more likely to occur in spring when thunderstorms and snow melt are more
prominent.
Many areas of Oakland County are moderate to heavily populated and connected to municipal
sewer systems (stormwater and/or sanitary sewer). Given this, it is highly probable that urban
flooding will occur within the County. Additionally, as development continues within the
County, an increase in urban flooding may occur.
Past Events
Table 4-28 illustrates all riverine flooding events between 2013 and 2023. During this
timeframe, there were five events with no associated injuries or deaths. Table 4-29 shows all
urban/depressional flooding events between 2013 and 2023. There were 12 events with no
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associated injuries or deaths during this timeframe. Narratives from select incidents (causing
property damage) from Table 4-29 are provided immediately following the table.
Table 4-50. Oakland County Recorded Flood Events (2013-2023)
RIVERINE FLOODING EVENTS IN OAKLAND COUNTY, MI (2013-2023)
Location County Date Type Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage
FERNDALE Oakland 08/11/2014 Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
OAKLEY PARK Oakland 08/16/2016 Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
FRANKLIN Oakland 08/12/2019 Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
NEWARK Oakland 01/11/2020 Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
FERNDALE Oakland 08/28/2020 Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
Totals: 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
Table 4-51. Oakland County Recorded Flash Flood Event (2013-2023)
URBAN/DEPRESSIONAL FLOOD EVENTS IN OAKLAND COUNTY, IL (2013-2023)
Location County Date Type Deaths Injuries Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
WHITE LAKE Oakland 06/27/2013 Flash
Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
BLOOMFIELD
HIGHLANDS Oakland 08/30/2013 Flash
Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
FERNDALE Oakland 08/11/2014 Flash
Flood 0 0 400M 0.00K
WIXOM SPENCER ARPT Oakland 09/29/2016 Flash
Flood 0 0 500K 0.00K
NOVI Oakland 08/28/2017 Flash
Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
FRANKLIN Oakland 08/12/2019 Flash
Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
FERNDALE Oakland 07/10/2020 Flash
Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
FERNDALE Oakland 08/28/2020 Flash
Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
OAKWOOD Oakland 06/26/2021 Flash
Flood 0 0 2.0M 0.00K
BLOOMFIELD HILLS Oakland 07/24/2021 Flash
Flood 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
FERNDALE Oakland 08/27/2021 Flash
Flood 0 0 100K 0.00K
OXFORD Oakland 10/08/2021 Flash
Flood 0 0 3.4M 0.00K
Totals: 0 0 406M 0.00K
08/2014: A historic rainfall event unfolded over Southeast Michigan on Monday, August 11,
leading to significant flooding and road closures. This event was caused by a strengthening low-
pressure system moving over the area, focusing on the tropical moisture from the south. The
hardest hit areas included Metro Detroit, surrounding communities, Flint, and the Saginaw
Valley areas. Wayne, Southern Oakland, and Macomb counties saw the worst flooding as 4 to 6
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inches of rain fell over 4 hours. Around 75,000 homes and businesses suffered damage, with
over 3000 suffering major damage. There was also damage to the roads and bridges, along with
the city sewer pumps, which were overwhelmed by the torrential rainfall. The total estimated
dollar loss from the Detroit Metro area was 1.8 billion dollars. Farther north, across parts of
Saginaw, Bay, and Genesee counties, flooding was not nearly as bad, but flooded roads with 2
to 3 feet of water were reported.
09/2016: Heavy rain fell across the Detroit Metro Area during the morning hours, with rainfall
totals of 2 to 5 inches, the heaviest rain centered in Downtown Detroit. Widespread urban
flooding was reported, with many roads and interstates closed. Many basements were also
flooded.
06/2021: After several weeks of moderate to severe drought conditions in Southeast Michigan,
a weather pattern brought widespread rainfall and flooding to Metro Detroit and surrounding
areas during the weekend of June 25-27th. Low-pressure tracking along a stalled stationary
boundary interacted with a very moist subtropical air mass to produce widespread 3 to 5 inches
of rainfall across Metro Detroit (localized 6 to 8 inches), resulting in numerous reports of
significant flooding within the Detroit metro vicinity, especially Washtenaw and Wayne
Counties. In addition to the heavy rain, an EF-2 tornado was observed near Port Austin in Huron
County during this event just before 5 pm EST on June 26th.
08/2021: Flooding at M10 and Evergreen impacting all lanes. The intersection of Grand River
Westbound and Middlebelt was impassable due to flooding. Multiple main and side roads
flooded across Royal Oak. Intersection locations include Sherman and Lafayette and Maple and
Louis. Reports of cars stalled out on Bellaire between Campbell and Edgeworth.
10/2021: A thunderstorm dumped at least 4 inches of rain in less than 2 hours, leading to flash
flooding in Orion Township. Roads were damaged, cars submerged and stranded, and homes
flooded. Flood waters impacted the M-24 and I-75 interchange, with roads closed for several
hours.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Life Safety and Health: Safety and health concerns during a flood range considerably. One of
the primary issues communities’ experiences, especially during flash floods, is vehicles getting
stuck and swept away by rapidly moving waters. These scenarios also present danger to first
responders and bystanders attempting to rescue vehicle occupants. “It is easy to misjudge the
depth of floodwater, particularly at night. Sometimes the bridge or road masked by flood water
may have been undermined or completely washed out (The Weather Channel, 2023)”. The
Weather Channel also writes that according to FEMA:
• Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars, causing loss of control
and potential stalling.
• A foot of water will float many vehicles.
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• Two feet of rushing water will carry away most vehicles, including SUVs and pickups.
Just as vehicles are recommended to stay away from standing and moving flood waters, the
same is recommended for individuals. Flood waters can be both unsanitary and dangerous.
According to Dr. Greg Forbes, a severe weather expert for The Weather Channel, water flowing
at just 6 miles per hour (mph) can exert the same force as the winds of an EF5 tornado (The
Weather Channel, 2023). Additionally, water moving at approximately “25 mph has the
pressure equivalent of wind blowing at 790 mph, faster than the speed of sound (The Weather
Channel, 2023)”. When individuals get stuck in flood waters, some experience heart attacks and
other medical conditions while trying to free themselves from the water.
Contact with flood waters can increase the possibility of contracting a communicable disease
and other medical issues due to pollutants, chemicals, waste, and an increased number of
insects (CDC, 2023). Flood waters can also saturate the ground when receding, leading to
infiltration into sanitary sewer lines. When wastewater treatment facilities are flooded, there is
often nowhere for the treated sewage to be discharged or inflowing sewage to be stored.
Infiltration and lack of treatment lead to overloaded sewer lines, which back up into low-lying
areas and some homes. Even though diluted by flood waters, raw sewage can be a breeding
ground for bacteria, such as E. coli, and other disease-causing agents. Because of this threat,
tetanus shots are given to people affected by a flood.
Stagnant water is often a perfect breeding ground for insects, specifically mosquitoes, known to
carry and distribute various types of diseases. Standing water also creates mold, which can be a
health issue for everyone, but is a hazard to those with breathing issues, children, and the
elderly. If forced-air systems are affected by floods and are not subsequently appropriately
cleaned, individuals may inadvertently breathe in pollutants. If the water system loses pressure,
a boil order may be issued to protect people and animals from contaminated water.
The force of flood waters can damage gas lines, which creates the potential for secondary
hazards such as gas leaks and fires. This force, along with standing water, can also damage the
structural integrity of buildings, which can cause injuries if issues go unnoticed or unrepaired.
While fires have not resulted from flooding within Oakland County, history shows that floods
can prevent fire departments and protection agencies from successfully combating and
sometimes even accessing a fire, allowing it to spread.
According to FEMA, flooding can also disproportionately impact disadvantaged or challenged
communities in the following ways:
• Lack of Resilience Infrastructure: Disadvantaged communities often lack the
infrastructure necessary to mitigate flood impacts, such as well-maintained levees, flood
barriers, and stormwater management systems. The absence of these protective
measures can make these areas more susceptible to flooding and its consequences.
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• Inadequate Housing: Residents of disadvantaged communities may be more likely to live
in substandard housing or low-lying areas that are prone to flooding. Such housing may
lack flood-resistant construction and may not provide adequate protection during
floods.
• Limited Financial Resources: These communities often have fewer financial resources to
prepare for, respond to, and recover from flooding. This can lead to difficulties in
purchasing flood insurance, repairing flood-damaged homes, or accessing emergency
resources.
• Health Vulnerabilities: Residents of disadvantaged communities may have higher rates
of pre-existing health conditions or limited access to healthcare services. Flooding can
exacerbate these health vulnerabilities, especially if contaminated floodwater spreads
diseases or disrupts medical care.
• Transportation Challenges: Limited access to reliable transportation can hinder
evacuation efforts during flooding events, placing residents in these areas at greater
risk. Public transportation options may be insufficient or inaccessible, leaving residents
stranded.
• Information Access: Disadvantaged communities may have limited access to timely and
accurate information about flood risks and preparedness measures. This lack of
information can lead to delayed or inadequate responses to flood warnings.
• Environmental Justice Concerns: Flooding can lead to the release of hazardous
materials, contaminating soil and water. Disadvantaged communities are more likely to
be located near industrial sites or toxic facilities, exacerbating environmental justice
concerns.
• Community Disruption: Flooding can displace residents from their homes, disrupting
communities and increasing social and economic hardships. The process of recovery and
rebuilding may take longer in these areas due to limited resources.
The FEMA Community Resilience Challenges Index (CRCI) provides a relative assessment of a
community's potential resilience and gives insights into population and community
characteristics from which to build emergency operations plans and targeted outreach
strategies. Figure 4-23 illustrates the impact of flooding to CRCI tracts in Oakland County.
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Figure 4-32. Flooding Impacts to CRCI Tracts in Oakland County
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDEX STORY MAP
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) 2023
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Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: A HAZUS analysis was conducted for a 100-year
flood to examine the exposure and damages of buildings to flooding.
100-year Flood Analysis:
HAZUS estimates that about 452 buildings will be at least moderately damaged. This is over
82% of the total number of buildings in the scenario. There are an estimated 6 buildings that
will be completely destroyed.
Table 4-52. HAZUS 100-year Expected Building Damage by Occupancy
Expected Building Damage by Occupancy
Damage Level 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >50
Occupancy Count % Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %
Agriculture 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Commercial 10 53 8 42 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0
Education 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Industrial 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Religion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Residential 240 35 320 47 87 13 27 4 3 0 6 1
Total 250 328 87 27 4 6
Before the flood analyzed in this scenario, the region had 4,435 hospital beds available for use.
On the day of the scenario flood event, the model estimates that 4,435 hospital beds are
available in the region.
Table 4-53. HAZUS 100-year Expected Damage to Essential Facilities
Expected Damage to # of Essential Facilities
Classification Total At Least Moderate At Least Substantial Loss of Use
Emergency Operations Centers 9 0 0 0
Fire Station 109 0 0 0
Hospitals 18 0 0 0
Police Stations 46 0 0 0
Schools 471 0 0 0
Table 4-54. HAZUS 100-year Building-Related Economic Loss Estimates
Building-Related Economic Loss Estimates (Millions of Dollars)
Area Residential Commercial Industrial Others Total
Building
Loss
Building 121.77 22.86 9.40 3.53 157.56
Content 55.59 68.38 22.69 22.44 169.11
Inventory 0.00 8.76 4.07 0.62 13.46
Subtotal 177.37 100.01 36.16 26.60 340.13
Business
Interruption
Income 2.86 65.97 0.70 12.92 82.45
Relocation 36.96 15.28 0.85 5.95 59.04
Rental
Income 14.58 11.12 0.17 64.07 138.07
Wage 6.76 66.08 1.15 64.07 138.07
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Subtotal 61.17 158.45 2.87 83.33 305.82
All Total 238.53 258.46 39.03 109.93 645.94
The total economic loss estimated for the flood is $645.94 million, representing 3.32% of the
total replacement value of the scenario buildings.
The total building-related losses were $340.13 million. 47% of the estimated losses were
related to business interruption in the region. The residential occupancies made up 36.93% of
the total loss.
HAZUS estimates the number of households expected to be displaced due to the flood and the
associated potential evacuation. HAZUS also estimates those displaced people that will require
accommodations in temporary public shelters. The model estimates that 1,595 households
(4,784 people) will be displaced due to the flood. Displacement includes households evacuated
from within or very near the inundated area. Of these, 1,358 people are expected to seek
temporary shelter in public shelters.
Figure 4-24 illustrates flooding impact to critical infrastructure in Oakland County.
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Figure 4-33. Flooding Impacts to Critical Infrastructure in Oakland County
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDEX STORY MAP
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) 2023
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Figure 4-25 illustrates flooding impact to schools and universities in Oakland County.
Figure 4-34. Flooding Impacts to Schools and Universities in Oakland County
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDEX STORY MAP
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) 2023
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Figure 4-26 illustrates flooding impact to public safety locations in Oakland County.
Figure 4-35. Flooding Impacts to Public Safety locations in Oakland County
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDEX STORY MAP
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) 2023
Economy: Flooding can have several different impacts on the economy in Oakland County. One
potential impact is damage to businesses and infrastructure. Flooding can damage or destroy
buildings, equipment, and inventory, disrupting operations and resulting in significant financial
losses for companies. In addition, infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and utilities can also be
damaged, which can impede transportation and communication networks and further disrupt
the operations of businesses and other economic activity.
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Another potential economic impact includes property values and insurance rates. Properties
located in flood-prone areas may also decline in value, while insurance rates increase as the risk
of flooding increases. This can make it more difficult for homeowners and businesses to secure
loans and other forms of financing.
Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: Riverine or urban flooding can
significantly impact current or future development in Oakland County. Floodwaters can cause
extensive damage to infrastructure, including buildings, roads, and bridges, and disrupt
transportation and commerce, resulting in costly repairs. Additionally, properties in flood-prone
areas may experience a decline in value, affecting property owners, developers, and local
governments relying on property tax revenue. Flooding incidents can also cause flood insurance
premiums to increase, posing challenges for property owners to protect their investments.
Finally, flooding can prompt changes in land use patterns, impacting the availability of land for
development and altering the character of neighborhoods and communities.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: Heavy precipitation leads to riverine flooding
and flash floods as the ground fails to absorb the high volume of precipitation that falls in a
short period. Increasing annual precipitation contributes to sustained flooding. (Neighborhoods
At Risk, 2023).
Table 4-33 illustrates 25-year precipitation projections for Oakland County, while Table 4-34
shows future climate indicators for Oakland County.
Table 4-55. 25-Year Precipitation Projections for Oakland County
25-YEAR PRECIPITATION PROJECTIONS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
HIGHER EMISSIONS (RCP8.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 13% increase in heavy precipitation within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 0.3 more days of heavy precipitation per year
(from 2.5 days to 2.8 days per year).
LOWER EMISSIONS (RCP4.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 7% increase in heavy precipitation within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 0.17 more days of heavy precipitation per year
(from 2.44 days to 2.61 days per year).
Source: Neighborhoods at Risk (https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate)
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Table 4-56. Future Climate Indicators for Oakland County
FUTURE CLIMATE INDICATORS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
Indicator
Modeled
History
(1976-
2005)
Early Century
(2015-2044)
Mid Century
(2035-2064)
Late Century
(2070-2099)
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max
Precipitation:
Annual
Average Total
Precipitation
32” 33” 33” 34” 34” 34” 35”
30-33 31-37 30-35 31-38 30-37 30-39 31-40
Days Per Year
With
Precipitation
(Wet Days)
194 days 192 days 191 days 191 days 189 days 190 days 187 days
191-198 179-200 178-198 179-203 172-201 177-202 157-201
Maximum
Period of
Consecutive
Wet Days
12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days
11-13 11-13 10-13 10-13 10-13 11-13 10-13
Annual Days With:
Annual Days
With Total
Precipitation
> 1 inch
2 days 2 days 2 days 3 days 3 days 3 days 3 days
1-2 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-6
Annual Days
With Total
Precipitation
> 2 inches
0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days
0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0
Annual Days
With Total
Precipitation
> 3 inches
0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days
0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0
Annual Days
That Exceed
99th
Percentile
Precipitation
4 days 5 days 5 days 5 days 6 days 6 days 7 days
4-5 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 6-8
Days With
Maximum
Temperature
Below 32°F
49 days 36 days 35 days 31 days 27 days 25 days 13 days
45-53 18-47 24-45 13-42 11-38 8-40 1-29
Source: Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (2023)
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Participation
The majority of Oakland County communities participate in the National Flood Insurance
Program.
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All 62 Oakland County communities, except for the Cities of Berkley, Hazel Park, and Lake
Angelus, are known to have adopted local ordinances and/or site Plan review standards that
regulate construction and land uses within designated floodplains.
In addition, as amended, Part 31, Water Resources Protection, Act 451 of 1994 regulates
activities that result in occupation, fill or grade lands within floodplains along watercourses with
a drainage area over two square miles. Such actions require an application, review, and permit
issuance from the EGLE before disturbance.
Policies In-Force: According to FEMA, Oakland County communities had 1,398 insurance
policies in-force, totaling $386,077,000.
Table 4-57. NFIP Policies In-Force
Community Name Policies
In-Force Total Coverage Total Written
Premium + FPF
AUBURN HILLS, CITY OF 5 $1,833,000 $5,325
BERKLEY, CITY OF 17 $4,154,000 $8,519
BEVERLY HILLS, VILLAGE OF 6 $1,515,000 $4,680
BINGHAM FARMS, VILLAGE OF 2 $850,000 $1,019
BIRMINGHAM, CITY OF 58 $14,572,000 $23,885
BLOOMFIELD HILLS, CITY OF 22 $7,738,000 $24,807
BLOOMFIELD, TOWNSHIP OF 65 $22,183,000 $39,677
BRANDON, TOWNSHIP OF 10 $2,404,000 $4,784
CLARKSTON, CITY OF 1 $220,000 $448
CLAWSON, CITY OF 6 $1,801,000 $2,637
COMMERCE, TOWNSHIP OF 13 $3,890,000 $6,192
FARMINGTON HILLS, CITY OF 96 $17,351,000 $21,868
FARMINGTON, CITY OF 108 $28,189,000 $51,808
FERNDALE, CITY OF 4 $1,606,000 $2,904
FRANKLIN, VILLAGE OF 9 $2,646,000 $4,255
GROVELAND, TOWNSHIP OF 2 $485,000 $1,552
HAZEL PARK, CITY OF 2 $477,000 $815
HIGHLAND, TOWNSHIP OF 3 $1,050,000 $1,544
HOLLY, TOWNSHIP OF 7 $882,000 $3,103
HOLLY, VILLAGE OF 4 $595,000 $1,754
HUNTINGTON WOODS, CITY OF 9 $2,672,000 $4,675
INDEPENDENCE, TOWNSHIP OF 11 $3,645,000 $6,350
KEEGO HARBOR, CITY OF 11 $2,495,000 $6,558
LAKE ANGELUS, CITY OF 2 $425,000 $793
LAKE ORION, VILLAGE OF 8 $1,811,000 $4,056
LATHRUP VILLAGE, CITY OF 3 $1,050,000 $1,454
LYON, TOWNSHIP OF 6 $1,489,000 $2,508
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MADISON HEIGHTS, CITY OF 2 $153,000 $572
MILFORD, TOWNSHIP OF 4 $940,000 $2,178
MILFORD, VILLAGE OF 11 $2,495,000 $6,558
NORTHVILLE, CITY OF 13 $5,229,000 $17,663
NOVI, CITY OF 35 $11,637,000 $16,740
OAKLAND, TOWNSHIP OF 12 $3,196,000 $5,462
OAK PARK, CITY OF 12 $2,752,000 $5,461
ORCHARD LAKE VILLAGE, CITY OF 6 $2,100,000 $2,906
ORION, TOWNSHIP OF 9 $2,936,000 $3,890
ORTONVILLE, VILLAGE OF 1 $44,000 $662
PONTIAC, CITY OF 9 $4,292,000 $9,627
ROCHESTER, CITY OF 6 $2,150,000 $10,580
ROCHESTER HILLS, CITY OF 36 $8,946,000 $16,591
ROSE, TOWNSHIP OF 2 $488,000 $968
ROYAL OAK, CITY OF 25 $6,112,000 $12,618
SOUTHFIELD, CITY OF 43 $12,121,000 $26,154
SPRINGFIELD, TOWNSHIP OF 2 $700,000 $1,200
SOUTH LYON, CITY OF 1 $70,000 $421
TROY, CITY OF 89 $31,084,000 $69,517
WALLED LAKE, CITY OF 1 $115,000 $276
WATERFORD, CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF 36 $9,785,000 $15,716
WEST BLOOMFIELD, TOWNSHIP OF 67 $18,022,000 $35,434
WHITE LAKE, TOWNSHIP OF 10 $2,376,000 $4,974
WIXOM, CITY OF 3 $1,031,000 $1,569
WOLVERINE LAKE, VILLAGE OF 2 $700,000 $1,038
UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN 482 $131,070,000 $276,489
TOTAL 1,398 $386,077,000 $776,676
Source: FEMA as of 08/31/2023
Table 4-58. CRS Eligible Communities
Community Name CRS Entry
Date
Current
Effective Date
Current
Class
% Discount
for SFHA
% Discount
for Non-SFHA Status
Commerce, Township of 05/1/03 10/1/14 9 05% 05% C
Farmington Hills, City of 10/1/94 10/1/95 10 0% 0% R
Novi, City of 10/1/99 5/1/19 8 10% 05% C
Source: FEMA as of 3/17/2022
Repetitive Loss Properties: There are several different definitions of a “repetitive loss
property.” The current FEMA definition of a repetitive loss property is:
“Repetitive Loss Structure: An NFIP-insured structure that has had at least two paid
flood losses of more than $1,000 each in any 10-year period since 1978.” (FEMA, 2023).
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Additionally, the definitions of a severe repetitive loss building, and severe repetitive loss
property are:
“Severe Repetitive Loss Building: Any building that:
Is covered under a Standard Flood Insurance Policy made available under this title.
Has incurred flood damage for which:
a. Four or more separate claim payments have been made under a Standard Flood
Insurance Policy issued pursuant to this title, with the amount of each such claim
exceeding $5,000 and with the cumulative amount of such claims payments exceeding
$20,000; or
b. At least two separate claims payments have been made under a Standard Flood
Insurance Policy, with the cumulative amount of such claim payments exceeding the fair
market value of the insured building on the day before each loss” (FEMA, 2023).
“Severe Repetitive Loss Property: Either a severe repetitive loss building or the
contents within a severe repetitive loss building, or both” (FEMA, 2023).
FEMA encourages the mitigation of severe repetitive loss and repetitive loss properties through
the distribution of mitigation grants, the NFIP’s Increased Cost of the Compliance program, and
the Community Rating System (CRS) program. Depending on the number of repetitive loss
properties within a CRS community, the community may be required to develop a specific plan
to determine the causes of the repetitive claims and ways to mitigate the causes of the
repetitive claims. At a minimum, each CRS community must conduct an annual outreach project
to these properties advising the owners of their location in the regulatory floodplain, property
protection measures, and any funding options for property protection and flood insurance.
FEMA offers several programs to support communities in identifying and addressing the root
causes of their repetitive losses. One such program is the Community Rating System (CRS).
Oakland County has approximately 18 properties that were designated as having suffered
repetitive flood claims, according to an official list maintained by FEMA and the National Flood
Insurance Program. Eleven of these eighteen properties are located within the City of
Farmington Hills, four are in Waterford Township, two are in the City of Birmingham, and one is
in the City of Troy. These properties are listed as not yet having fully benefited from flood
mitigation activities, and they should be prioritized for future projects that might alleviate their
flood risks. In addition, FEMA funds are available through HMGP, BRIC, and FMA to help
subsidize these types of flood mitigation activities. Although most of FEMA’s hazard mitigation
grants are provided with a 75/25 cost-share agreement, repetitive loss properties can enjoy an
even more favorable cost-share ratio, with 90% and sometimes even 100% of the flood
mitigation costs potentially able to be paid through these federal programs.
Of the eleven repetitive loss properties in the City of Farmington Hills, eight are of a single-
family residential type, and three are classified as ‘other residential’ (i.e., not single-family
occupancy). Although some properties have experienced 4 or 5 damaging events during the
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past several decades, others have only two or three events listed within a few years, before or
after which the property might not have been covered by insurance. For example, one
property reported four insurance claims for flood damages throughout the 1980s and 1990s
and is still insured. Several other properties have reported four or five claims between the late
1990s and the present and are currently insured. But the remaining properties listed for the
city tend to have had just a couple of reported flood claims within one decade, along with at
least one said lapse in their insurance coverage. In other words, additional damages are likely
to have occurred to these homes but were not reported during periods when no insurance was
being carried under the NFIP. Average claim payments for some of these properties have even
exceeded $100,000. However, the average damages per event tend to be in the $10,000 to
$20,000 range when all these listed properties in the city are being considered. These are more
severe flood damages than documented for the other Oakland County communities. Hence,
these properties in the city seem to merit being heavily prioritized for flood mitigation
activities.
Waterford Township’s four identified repetitive loss properties are all single-family residential
types. Their claim history is similar to those described in Farmington Hills, in which only a few
damaging events occurred within a decade. Still, some lapse in insurance coverage is also
indicated in the records. The current list of Waterford’s repetitive loss properties had just two
claims reported, with the most extended accompanying period ranging from 2004 to 2013,
while the shortest range of time involved a period of only a year and a half. Average damages
to each property per event amounted to less than $10,000.
The City of Birmingham had two identified properties classified as ‘other non-residential
properties’ and were the only non-residential properties to appear in the Oakland County
listings. One of the properties only had a couple of claims in 1997, followed by an uninsured
period. The other identified property reported four claims over 15 years and hasn’t had any
listed flood events since 1996. However, the property is designated as currently insured, and
the average claim amounts were a few thousand dollars lower than those reported by
Waterford Township.
Finally, the City of Troy had one single-family residential property listed as suffering three
damaging events during the early 1980s, followed by some lapse in insurance coverage and
average damage comparable to that reported for Waterford Township. The prioritization of
these properties may ultimately be determined at the household level. Still, this general
planning analysis must protect insurance confidentiality and claim information for all specific
addresses. Therefore, the general prioritization suggested here would be to emphasize the
more significant number of heavily damaged properties found within Farmington Hills, then the
moderately damaged properties located in Waterford Township and the City of Troy, and
finally, the properties listed for the City of Birmingham. Since the level of interest, activity, and
motivation will naturally vary among individual property owners, any opportunity to implement
flood mitigation activities at any of these properties should be sought and followed up on, as
each property on this list has already been defined as meriting high priority. All of the NFIP-
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identified repetitive loss properties are recommended to maintain flood insurance coverage
while funding is sought to alleviate their risks.
Another interesting pattern found within the information from the NFIP is regarding the dates
of damaging flood events. Sorting all reports by date reveals some 21 events between April
1979 and September 2013 for which claims were paid. Ten of these 21 flood events only
involved a single property from the county’s list. Still, the following events affected multiple
properties (the number of listed properties affected by each event is provided in parentheses):
October 1, 1981 (5), March 13 to 16, 1982 (3), May 1 to 2, 1983 (5), June 20 to 21, 1989 (4),
June 18 to 19, 1996 (3), July 2, 1997 (2), August 6 to 9, 1998 (5), June 24, 2000 (3), May 22 to
23, 2004 (3), September 13, 2008 (3), and September 3, 2013 (3). In addition, some of the
event dates correspond with declared flood disasters, such as an event on September 11, 2000
(affecting one of the listed properties), which was when widespread basement flooding
occurred and eventually resulted in federal disaster 1346 being declared.
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates
Table 4-59. Oakland County Expected Annual Loss Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA NRI EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR RIVERINE FLOODING EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss Score
Expected
Annual
Loss
Rating
1 event per
year 0.02 $258,942 $7,010,886 $3,763 $7,273,
592 95.6 Relatively
High
Annualized Frequency: The natural hazard annualized frequency is defined as the expected frequency or
probability of a hazard occurrence per year. Annualized frequency is derived either from the number of recorded
hazard occurrences each year over a given period or the modeled probability of a hazard occurrence each year.
Population: Population exposure is defined as the estimated number of people determined to be exposed to a
hazard according to a hazard type-specific methodology.
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized
frequency, and historic loss ratios (Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss
Ratio). Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/expected-annual-loss
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
FEMA Hazard-Specific Risk Index Table
Table 4-60. Oakland County Hazard Specific Risk Index Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RATINGS – RIVERINE FLOODING
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
94.4 / 100 Very Low Very High
Risk Index Scores: are a quantitative rating calculated using data for only a single hazard type. Risk Index Scores
are calculated using data for only a single hazard type, and reflect a community's Expected Annual Loss value,
community risk factors, and the adjustment factor used to calculate the risk value.
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Social Vulnerability Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Social Vulnerability is measured using
the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Community Resilience Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Community Resilience is measured
using the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (HVRI BRIC) published by the University of South
Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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4.9 High-Hazard Dams
Hazard Description
A dam is a barrier constructed across a watercourse for water storage, control, or diversion.
Dams are typically built of earth, rock, concrete, or mine tailings.
Dam Failure:
Rapid and uncontrolled release of impounded water or liquid-borne solids characterizes failure.
However, it is recognized that there are lesser degrees of failure and that any malfunction or
abnormality outside the design assumptions and parameters that adversely affect a dam’s
primary function of impounding water could be considered a failure.
The Causes of Dam Failure: Dam failures are most likely to happen for one of five reasons
(ASDSO, 2023):
1. Overtopping is caused by water spilling over the top of a dam. Overtopping of a dam is
often a precursor of dam failure. For example, national statistics show that overtopping
due to inadequate spillway design, debris blockage of spillways, or settlement of the
dam crest account for approximately 34% of all U.S. dam failures.
2. Foundation defects, including settlement and slope instability, cause about 30% of all
dam failures.
3. Cracking is caused by movements like the natural settling of a dam.
4. Inadequate maintenance and upkeep.
5. Piping is when seepage through a dam is not adequately filtered, soil particles continue
to progress and form sinkholes in the dam. Another 20% of U.S. dam failures have been
caused by piping (internal erosion caused by seepage). Seepage often occurs around
hydraulic structures, such as pipes and spillways; through animal burrows; around roots
of woody vegetation; and through cracks in dams, dam appurtenances, and dam
foundations.
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Figure 4-36. Causes of Dam Failure Incidents, 2010-2019**
** From the ASDSO Dam Incident Database, dam failure incidents for 2010 through 2019. Incident data is mainly obtained from the state dam
safety programs and/or media reports. Therefore, the incident data is not inclusive of all dam safety incidents.
Figure 4-37. Dam Failure Incident Driver, 2010-2019
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Hazard Location
There are 23 “high” or “significant” risk dams in Oakland County, as listed in Table 4-39 below.
Eight of these dams are classified as high risk, while 15 are classified as significant risk. Both
high and significant classifications indicate sufficient downstream populations to warrant the
classification. Following the table, Figure 4-29 through Figure 4-51 illustrate maps of each dam
within the county. Emergency action plan status is also indicated below each map.
Table 4-61. List of (High and Significant Risk) Dams within Oakland County
Name National
ID# Location Owner Year
Built
Primary
Purpose
Height
(feet)
Storage
Capacity
(acre-
feet)
Max
Discharge
(cubic
feet/sec)
Hazard
Potential
Classification
Clarkston
Dam MI00240 Oakland,
Michigan
Lehman
Investment
Company
1900 Recreation 34 90 80 High
Clintonville
Dam MI00241 Oakland,
Michigan
Oakland
County Drain
Commissioner
1915 Recreation 14 3,900 775 Significant
Loon Lake
Dam MI00245 Oakland,
Michigan
County Drain
Commissioner 1936 Recreation 8 3,800 1,282 Significant
Ford
Dam #3
(Hubbell
Pond)
MI00248 Oakland,
Michigan
Village of
Milford 1939 Recreation 25 1,200 1,350 Significant
Gehrke
Dam MI00250 Oakland,
Michigan Anmar Inc. 1913 Other 18 60 - Significant
Holly Dam MI00253 Oakland,
Michigan
Village of
Holly 1840 Recreation 12 555 600 Significant
Lake
Louise
Dam
MI00255 Oakland,
Michigan
Oakland
County Drain
Commissioner
1925 Recreation 12 860 555 High
Lake Orion
Dam MI00259 Oakland,
Michigan
Village of
Lake Orion 1829 Other 18 3,600 1,010 Significant
Oxbow
Dam MI00263 Oakland,
Michigan
Oakland
County Drain
Commissioner
1964 Recreation 15 6,900 458 High
Pontiac
Lake Dam MI00265 Oakland,
Michigan
Oakland
County WRC 1920 Other 21 7,400 596 High
Quarton
Dam MI00267 Oakland,
Michigan
City of
Birmingham 1921 Recreation 19 160 3,736 Significant
Waterford
Multi-
Lakes
Level
Control
MI00275 Oakland,
Michigan
Oakland
County Drain
Commissioner
1973 Recreation,
Other 12 3,800 1,520 Significant
Wildwood
Lake Dam MI00276 Oakland,
Michigan
MDNR Parks
& Recreation 1961 Recreation 22 775 57 High
Winkler
Pond Dam MI00277 Oakland,
Michigan
Nathaniel L. &
Bryn Brock 1917 Recreation 13 200 1,113 Significant
Lake Neva
Dam MI00614 Oakland,
Michigan
Lakewood
Village 1955 Recreation 17 700 285 High
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-74
Improvement
Assoc
Lake
Sherwood
Dam
MI00615 Oakland,
Michigan
Lake
Sherwood
Association
1957 Recreation 22 2,300 384 Significant
Endicott
Dam MI00684 Oakland,
Michigan
Linda
Goldman 1913 Recreation 14 200 200 Significant
Heron
Dam MI00692 Oakland,
Michigan
MDNR Parks
& Recreation 1969 Recreation 26 1,600 74 High
Davisburg
Trout Pond
Dam
MI00693 Oakland,
Michigan
MDNR
Wildlife 1951 Recreation 12 145 520 Significant
Dawson
Millpond
Dam
MI00718 Oakland,
Michigan
Oakland
County Drain
Commissioner
1915 Recreation 9 3,447 919 High
Wolverine
Lake Dam MI00777 Oakland,
Michigan
Village of
Wolverine
Lake
1925 Recreation 15 1,560 260 Significant
Pontiac
Motor
Division
Detention
Basin
MI01367 Oakland,
Michigan
Pontiac
Motor
Division
1982 Flood Risk
Reduction 12 10 58 Significant
Wau-Me-
Gah Lake
Dam
MI01675 Oakland,
Michigan
Oakland
County Drain
Commissioner
1930 Recreation 8 600 153 Significant
Source: National Inventory of Dams (2023)
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-75
Figure 4-38. Clarkston Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: YES / Last Revision: 9/9/2020
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-76
Figure 4-39. Clintonville Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: YES / Last Revision: 9/30/2019
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-77
Figure 4-40. Loon Lake Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: YES / Last Revision: 9/30/2019
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-78
Figure 4-41. Ford Dam #3 (Hubbell Pond)
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: YES / Last Revision: 6/01/2013
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-79
Figure 4-42. Gehrke Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Not Required / Last Revision: N/A
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-80
Figure 4-43. Holly Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 2/07/2018
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-81
Figure 4-44. Lake Louise Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: Unknown
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-82
Figure 4-45. Lake Orion Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 5/13/2002
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-83
Figure 4-46. Oxbow Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 9/30/2019
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-84
Figure 4-47. Pontiac Lake Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 9/30/2019
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-85
Figure 4-48. Quarton Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 6/20/2017
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-86
Figure 4-49. Waterford Multi-Lakes Level Control
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 9/30/2019
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-87
Figure 4-50. Wildwood Lake Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 3/18/2019
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-88
Figure 4-51. Winkler Pond Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 6/11/2020
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-89
Figure 4-52. Lake Neva Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 4/30/2004
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-90
Figure 4-53. Lake Sherwood Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 12/31/2001
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-91
Figure 4-54. Endicott Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 6/16/2017
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-92
Figure 4-55. Heron Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 3/4/2019
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-93
Figure 4-56. Davisburg Trout Pond Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: Unknown
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-94
Figure 4-57. Dawson Millpond Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 9/30/2019
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-95
Figure 4-58. Wolverine Lake Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 3/17/2009
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-96
Figure 4-59. Pontiac Motor Division Detention Basin
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Not Required / Last Revision: N/A
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-97
Figure 4-60. Wau-Me-Gah Lake Dam
Emergency Action Plan Prepared: Yes / Last Revision: 9/30/2019
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Chapter 4 | Risk Assessment | 4-98
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Existing dam classification systems are numerous and vary within and between both federal
and state agencies. Although differences in classification systems exist, they share a common
thread: each system attempts to classify dams according to the potential impacts from a dam
failure or misoperation, should it occur. The hazard potential classification does not reflect the
dam's current condition (e.g., safety, structural integrity, flood routing capacity).
In the state of Michigan, dam classifications are defined in the Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection Act (NREPA), specifically in Part 307, "Inland Lakes and Streams".
Section 307.51 of the act establishes a classification system for dams based on their size and
potential impact on the environment, and provides regulations for the construction,
maintenance, and operation of each class of dam.
Under the NREPA, dams are classified as follows:
1. Class A: Large dams with a height of 6 feet or more and a maximum storage capacity of
50 acre-feet or more.
2. Class B: Intermediate dams with a height between 2 and 6 feet and a maximum storage
capacity of 15 acre-feet or more.
3. Class C: Small dams with a height of less than 2 feet and a maximum storage capacity of
less than 15 acre-feet.
The classification of a dam determines the level of regulatory oversight and requirements for
maintenance and operation. Dam owners are required to register their dams with the Michigan
Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) and comply with the applicable
regulations based on the dam's classification.
FEMA categorizes dams according to the degree of adverse incremental consequences of a
failure or misoperation of a dam. The National Inventory of Dams uses the federal classification
system. Dams are federally categorized into Low, Significant, and High Hazard Potential based
on the probable loss of human life and the impacts on economic, environmental, and lifeline
interests. Improbable loss of life exists where persons are only temporarily in the potential
inundation area.
1. Low Hazard Potential: Failure or misoperation results in no probable loss of human life
and low economic and environmental losses. Losses are principally limited to the
owner’s property.
2. Significant Hazard Potential: Failure or misoperation results in no probable loss of human
life but can cause economic loss, environmental damage, disruption of lifeline facilities,
or can impact other concerns.
3. High Hazard Potential: Failure or misoperation will probably cause loss of human life.
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Probability and Frequency
Under the right circumstances, a dam can fail at any time. As a dam ages, the likelihood of
failure increases due to various issues, such as undesirable woody vegetation on the
embankment, deteriorated concrete, inoperable gates, and corroded outlet pipes.
Furthermore, dam failures can often be worsened by flooding, so projected flood frequencies
can also be associated with the probability of dam failures.
In Oakland County, there are a significant number of high and significant dam hazards, making
it possible that a dam failure could occur in the future.
Past Events
2020: On May 19, 2020, the Edenville and Sanford Dams, which are part of a four-dam system
near Midland, failed. The failures forced the evacuation of thousands of residents and created
catastrophic flooding and property losses. The two other dams on the same river system, the
Smallwood and Secord dams, were damaged. The dams were unable to manage water flows
that resulted when storms dropped as much as eight inches of rain over 48 hours in parts of
Northeast Michigan.
2009: The failure of the Yates Dam in 2009 caused flooding and property damage in the area.
The Yates Dam was classified as a Class C dam, with a height of less than 2 feet and a maximum
storage capacity of less than 15 acre-feet. The cause of the failure was determined to be a
breach in the dam's embankment, which was likely caused by heavy rainfall and erosion.
1981: In this incident, the Woodhull Dam failure resulted in significant flooding and
downstream property damage. The Woodhull Dam was also classified as a Class C dam. The
cause of the failure was determined to be inadequate spillway capacity, which resulted in
overtopping of the dam during a period of heavy rainfall.
Additional examples of significant dam failures in the Michigan include: 1) Marquette in 2003
when an earthen dam failed causing over $10 million in property damages and 2) in September
1986, an intense rainfall caused 11 dams to fail in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.
Out of the 2,521 dams in Michigan, 730 are privately-owned dams regulated by the state, and
329 are publicly owned dams regulated by the state. 85 state-regulated dams are classified as
high hazard, meaning in the event of a breach, there is expectation of severe damage and
potential loss of life. Of those dams classified as high hazard, 0 are rated 'unsatisfactory' and 5
are rated in 'poor' condition. All numbers are approximate, as Michigan's dam inventory
constantly changes.
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Vulnerability and Impacts
Dam analyses, including dam breach inundation areas are the most appropriate means for
examining the impact on people and property. Vulnerability analysis for dam failure for all dams
listed in Table 4-39 have been conducted with emergency action plan revision information
included with each figure of each dam. Table 4-40 highlights dam inventory data from the
Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE), and specifically
describes the downstream hazard potential, design flood, which is a hypothetical flood adopted
as the basis in engineering design, and the current condition for each dam. Additional studies,
mapping and analysis are needed to determine downstream vulnerability and impacts to key
assets.
Table 4-62. Hazard Potential of Dams within Oakland County
Dam Name Other Name for
Dam
Downstream
Hazard
Potential
River Design
Flood
Condition Assessment
Detail
Oxford Multi-
lakes Control
Structure
Oxford Multi-lakes
Dam Low North Branch
Paint Creek Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Bunny Run Dam Low Stony Creek Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Clarkston Dam Clarkston Mill
Pond Dam High Clinton River 200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Clintonville Dam Oakland-Woodhull
Lake Dams Significant Clinton River Q200 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Commerce Dam
Commerce Lake
Level Control
Structure
Low Huron River
Davisburg Dam Davisburg Mill
Pond Dam Low Shiawassee
River Q100 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Loon Lake Dam Upper Hatchery
Dam Significant Clinton River Q200 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Erity Dam Erity Dam Low River Rouge 100
Year Deficiency recognized
Ford Dam #3
(Hubbell Pond) Milford Dam Significant Huron River 200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Gehrke Dam Gehrke Dam Significant Tributary to
Stoney Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Holly Dam Stiff's Millpond
Dam Significant Shiawassee
River
200
Year Deficiency recognized
Lake Louise Dam High Kearsley
Creek
200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Lakeville Lake
Dam
Lakeville Lake
Level Control
Structure
Low Stony Creek Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Lake Orion Dam Michigan Central
Dam Significant Paint Creek 200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Oxbow Dam Oxbow Lake Dam High Huron River 200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
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Dam Name Other Name for
Dam
Downstream
Hazard
Potential
River Design
Flood
Condition Assessment
Detail
Perrysville Dam Stillers Dam Low Thread Creek Q100 Dam has not been
inspected
Pontiac Lake
Dam Pontiac Lake Dam High Huron River 200
Year
Pungs Dam Low Paint Creek
Drain Q100
Quarton Dam Significant Quarton Br
River Rouge
200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Bald Mountain
Pond Dam Slocum Dam Low Spring Creek Other
Spring Lake Dam Great Lakes Dam Low Swartz Creek 200
Year
Dam has not been
inspected
Waterford Multi-
Lakes Level
Control
Van Norman Lake
(Waterford Dam) Significant Clinton River Q200 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Wildwood Lake
Dam High Thread Creek 200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Winkler Pond
Dam Winkler Dam Significant Stony Creek 200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Phipps Lake Dam Phillips Lake Dam Low Zimmerman
Branch
100
Year
Dixie Lake Dam Low Tributary to
Clinton River Not under state
jurisdiction
Big Seven Lake
Dam Low Tributary to
Swartz Creek
100
Year
Seven Lakes
Addition Dam
Little Seven Lake
Dam Low Swartz Creek 100
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Lake Neva Dam High Cedar Creek 200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Lake Sherwood
Dam Significant Tributary to
Huron River
200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Addison Oaks
Dam Low Tributary to
Krohn Drain Not under state
jurisdiction
Twelve Oaks
Mall Dam Low Bishop Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Upper Trout
Lake Dam Low Trout Creek 100
Year
Lower Trout
Lake Dam Low Trout Creek Q100
Endicott Lake
Dam Significant Tributary to
River Rouge
200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Indian Lake Dam Low Trib to W Br
Stony Creek
100
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Prince Lake Dam Low Trib to W Br
Stony Creek
100
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Pettibone Creek
Dam #1 Lower Mill Dam Low Pettibone
Creek
100
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Pettibone Creek
Dam No 2
Upper Mill Dam or
Milford Dam Low Pettibone
Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
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Dam Name Other Name for
Dam
Downstream
Hazard
Potential
River Design
Flood
Condition Assessment
Detail
Moore Lake Dam Low Pettibone
Creek
100
Year
Heron Dam High Thread Creek 200
Year
Davisburg Trout
Pond Dam Significant Shiawassee
River
200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Braemar Lake
Dam Low Buckhorn
Creek
100
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Knoblock Lake
Dam Low Shiawassee
River
100
Year
Haven Hill Lake
Dam Low Cedar Creek 100
Year Deficiency recognized
Duck Lake Dam Low Paint Creek 100
Year
Indianwood Lake
Dam Low Paint Creek Q100 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Dawson
Millpond Dam Price Dam High Clinton River 200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Renchik Dam Low Duck Creek Dam has not been
inspected
Crystal Lake Dam Low Swartz Creek 200
Year Other
Wolverine Lake
Dam Significant Trib to Huron
River Q200
Vhay Lake Dam Low Amy Drain Q100 Deficiency recognized
Duck Lake Dam Duck Lake Level
Control Structure Low
Tributary to
Pettibone
Creek
100
Year
Susin Lake Dam Low Trib to
Clinton River
100
Year
Walter Moore
Dam Crystal Lake Dam Low Clinton River 100
Year
Union Lake Level
Control
Structure
Union Lake Low Hayes Creek Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Walled and
Shawood Lakes
Dam
Walled Lake
Control Structure Low Ingersoll
Creek
Watkins Lake
Dam
Watkins Lake
Control Structure Low
Unnamed
Tributary to
Clinton
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Williams Lake
Control
Structure
Low Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Petrauskas Pond
Dam Low Dam has not been
inspected
Leavenworth
Detention Pond
Dam
Low
Walled Lk
Branch River
Rouge
Q100 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
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Dam Name Other Name for
Dam
Downstream
Hazard
Potential
River Design
Flood
Condition Assessment
Detail
Sisters of Mercy
Dam Low Tributary to
River Rouge Not under state
jurisdiction
Pontiac Motor Division Detention
Basin Significant Montcalm
Storm Sewer
100
Year
Not under state
jurisdiction
Bevins Lake Dam Bevins Lake Level
Control Structure Low Patterson
Holly Drain Deficiency recognized
Buell Road Dam Low West Branch
Stony Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Bush Lake Dam Low Shiawassee
River Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Cass Lake
Control
Structures 1 and
2
Cass Lake Canal
Level Control Low Clinton River
Cedar Island
Dam Low Huron River Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Cranbrook Lake
Dam Low River Rouge Dam has not been
inspected
Farmington Venture Detention Pond
Dam Low Tributary to
Seeley Drain Dam has not been
inspected
Fenton Dam #1 Upper Fenton
Dam Low
Tributary to
Shiawassee
River
100
Year
Fenton Dam #2 Low
Tributary to
Shiawassee
River
100
Year
Fenton Dam #3 Low
Tributary to
Shiawassee
River
Not under state
jurisdiction
Eggleston Dam Low West Branch
Stoney Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Heather Lake
Dam
Village Oaks Lake
Dam Low Tributary to
Walled Lake Dam has not been
inspected
Wau-Me-Gah
Lake Dam
Waumegah Lake
Dam Significant Tributary to
Clinton River
200
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Lake Charnwood
Dam Low
Sprague
Branch River
Rouge
100
Year
Dam has not been
inspected
Lake Genesareth
Dam Low Tributary to
Pebble Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Lovett Dam Low
Trib to
Sunken
Bridge Drain
Not under state
jurisdiction
Lower Hatchery
Dams
Drayton Plains
Hatchery # 3 Low Clinton River Dam has not been
inspected
Manito Lake
Dam Marl Lake Dam Low Not under state
jurisdiction
McGinnis Lake
Dam Low Tributary to
Thread Creek
100
Year
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Dam Name Other Name for
Dam
Downstream
Hazard
Potential
River Design
Flood
Condition Assessment
Detail
Meadowbrook
Retention Dam Low Tributary to
Bell Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Meadowglen Sub Storm Ret Pond
Dam Low
Tributary to
Tarabusi
Creek
100
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Meadowhills Est Retention Pond
North Low
Tributary to
Tarabusi
Creek
Not under state
jurisdiction
Meadowhills Estates Retention Pond
South Low
Tributary to
Tarabusi
Creek
Not under state
jurisdiction
Meadow Lake
Dam Low Franklin Drain 100
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Franklin Drain
Dam Low Franklin Drain Not under state
jurisdiction
Stony Creek Dam Low Stony Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
River Rouge Dam
#1 Low
Tributary to
Cranbrook
Lake
Not under state
jurisdiction
River Rouge Dam
#2 Low
Quarton
Branch River
Rouge
Not under state
jurisdiction
Baldwin Pond
Dam Low East Pond
Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Cranbrook
Foundation Dam Low River Rouge Not under state
jurisdiction
Franklin Drain
Dam Low Franklin Drain Not under state
jurisdiction
Franklin Drain #2
Dam Low Franklin Drain Not under state
jurisdiction
Northbrook
Gardeners Dam Low Seely Ditch Not under state
jurisdiction
Northfield Hills
Dam Low River Rouge 100
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Old Hamestead Low Seely Ditch Not under state
jurisdiction
Paint Creek Cider
Mill Dam Low Paint Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Rochester City
Park Dam Low Paint Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Hillview Lake
Dam Low
Tributary-
Paint Creek
Drain
Not under state
jurisdiction
San Marino Golf
Club Dam Low Seely Ditch Not under state
jurisdiction
Sashabaw Creek
Dam Low Sashabaw
Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
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Dam Name Other Name for
Dam
Downstream
Hazard
Potential
River Design
Flood
Condition Assessment
Detail
Secord Lake Dam Low East Pond
Creek Dam has not been
inspected
Sargent Creek
Dam Low Sargent Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Shoup Pond Low Clark Drain Not under state
jurisdiction
Lake Araho Dam Sitzes Dam
Gillespie Dam Low Paint Creek
Drain Dam has not been
inspected
Smith Dam Low Below Phipps
Lake Outlet Not under state
jurisdiction
Stewart Lake
Dam Low Thread Creek 100
Year
Not under state
jurisdiction
Taylor Lake Dam Low Taylor Lake
Outlet Not under state
jurisdiction
Traxler Dam Low McClure
Drain Not under state
jurisdiction
Waldon Pond
Dam Low Inlet Wing
Lake Not under state
jurisdiction
Tull Lake Dam Low Huron River Q100 Dam has not been
inspected
Woodcreek Hills
Dam
Danvers Pond
Dam Low Pebble Creek Other
Yates Mill Dam Yates Cider Mill
Dam Low Clinton River Not under state
jurisdiction
Pettibone Pond
Dam Winegar Lake Dam Low Pettibone
Creek
100
Year Deficiency recognized
Lake Angelus Level Control Structure Low Lake Angelus
Outlet Not under state
jurisdiction
Big Lake Dam Big Lake Level
Control Structure Low Huron River Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Eagle Lake Dam Low Eagle Lake
Outlet Not under state
jurisdiction
Fox Lake Dam Fox Lake Level
Control Structure Low Huron River
Middle & Lower
Straits Dam Low Lower Straits
Lake Outlet
Storm Retention
Pond Dam Low Clinton River Not under state
jurisdiction
Tipsico Lake Dam Tipsico Lake Level
Control Structure Low Tipsico Lake
Outlet
Upper Straits
Dam
Upper Straits Lake
Level Control Str Low Upper Straits
Lake Outlet
Proud Lake Dam Low Huron River 100
Year
Meets applicable
hydrologic and seismic
regulatory criteria
Cemetery &
Dollar Lake Dam Low Clinton River
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Dam Name Other Name for
Dam
Downstream
Hazard
Potential
River Design
Flood
Condition Assessment
Detail
Taft Road Regional Detention Basin Low
Walled Lk
Branch River
Rouge
Q200 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Thornton District
Detention Basin Low Thornton
Creek Q100 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Meadowbrook
Lake Dam Low
Walled Lk
Branch River
Rouge
Q100
Misuaraca Dam Low Tributary to S
Stony Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Mill Pond Dam Low Swartz Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Ray Dam Carpenter Lake
Dam Low Tributary to
River Rouge Q100 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Outwood Sub
Dam Low Tributary to
River Rouge Other
Warstler Dam Low Tributary to
Paint Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
Galloway Creek
USGS Control Low Galloway
Creek Not under state
jurisdiction
River Rouge
USGS Control Low River Rouge Not under state
jurisdiction
Upper River
Rouge USGS
Control
Low Upper River
Rouge Not under state
jurisdiction
Applebrook
Detention Basin
#1
Low Tributary to
Seeley Drain Not under state
jurisdiction
Oak River Sub #2
Dam Low River Rouge Not under state
jurisdiction
Troy Lakes
Estates Dam Low Tributary tp
Gibson Drain Dam has not been
inspected
Waterfowler's
Impoundment
Dam
Van Road Dam Low Tributary to
Thread Creek
100
Year
Thread Creek
Impoundment
Dam
Low Trib to Thread
Creek
100
Year
Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Orchard Lake
Dam
Orchard Lake
Overflow Low Orchard Lake
Outlet Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Pebble Creek
Detention Basin
Dam
Glen Oak
Detention Dam Low Dam has not been
inspected
Hartman &
Tyner Mitigation
Pond 1
Low Tributary to
Thread Creek Q100
Hartman &
Tyner Mitigation
Pond 2
Low Tributary to
Thread Creek Q100 Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
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Dam Name Other Name for
Dam
Downstream
Hazard
Potential
River Design
Flood
Condition Assessment
Detail
Long Lake Dam Long Lake Control
Structure Low Long Lake
Outlet Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria
Scott Lake
Control
Structure
Low Other
White Lake Dam White Lake
Control Structure Low White Lake
Outlet Meets applicable
tolerable risk criteria Source: MI EGLE Michigan Dam Inventory
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Figure 4-61. Hazard Potential of Dams within Oakland County
Source: MI EGLE Michigan Dam Inventory
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Life Safety and Health: According to the NREPA, the failure of a dam can have significant
impacts on life safety and health. Dam failures can lead to loss of life or injury to individuals in
the immediate downstream area, property damage, and disruption of essential services such as
power, water supply, and transportation. In addition, dam failures can also cause
environmental damage, including damage to aquatic habitats, erosion, and sedimentation. To
mitigate these impacts, the NREPA mandates that dam owners ensure their dams are designed,
constructed, operated, and maintained safely and responsibly. The act also requires the
Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) to inspect and regulate
dams, and mandates dam owners to take appropriate action to address any identified safety or
environmental concerns.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Dam failure can lead to extensive property
damage, including damage to homes, businesses, and infrastructure such as roads and bridges.
Additionally, a dam failure can disrupt critical services like power, water supply, and
transportation. For instance, if a dam failure causes power outages to critical facilities like
hospitals or water treatment plants, it can have cascading effects on the surrounding
community. Transportation routes may also be affected as floodwaters damage or wash out
roads and bridges.
Additionally, dam failure can cause significant environmental damage, including damage to
aquatic habitats, erosion, and sedimentation. This can have far-reaching impacts on the
ecosystem, water quality, and aquatic species, with lasting effects on the environment and local
communities.
Economy: No data exists demonstrating the economic impact of past dam failure events in
Oakland County.
Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: Dam failure can influence local
governments to reassess their development plans and building codes to address any increased
risks associated with living and working near dams. Developers may also need to take additional
precautions when designing and constructing buildings and infrastructure in areas that are
downstream of dams. This can include implementing flood-resistant designs, elevating
buildings, and relocating critical infrastructure such as power and water supply facilities to
higher ground.
Dam failure can also lead to changes in land use and zoning in affected areas. In some cases,
local governments may need to restrict or prohibit certain types of development in areas that
are at high risk of flooding or other hazards associated with dam failure. This limitation can
impact potential for future development and affect property values in the area.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: Heavy precipitation leads to riverine flooding
and flash floods as the ground fails to absorb the high volume of precipitation that falls in a
short period. Increasing annual precipitation contributes to sustained flooding. (Neighborhoods
At Risk, 2023).
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Table 4-41 illustrates 25-year precipitation projections for Oakland County, while Table 4-42
shows future climate indicators for Oakland County.
Table 4-63. 25-Year Precipitation Projections for Oakland County
25-YEAR PRECIPITATION PROJECTIONS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
HIGHER EMISSIONS (RCP8.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 13% increase in heavy precipitation within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 0.3 more days of heavy precipitation per year
(from 2.5 days to 2.8 days per year).
LOWER EMISSIONS (RCP4.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 7% increase in heavy precipitation within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 0.17 more days of heavy precipitation per year
(from 2.44 days to 2.61 days per year).
Source: Neighborhoods at Risk (https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate)
Table 4-64. Future Climate Indicators for Oakland County
FUTURE CLIMATE INDICATORS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
Indicator
Modeled
History
(1976-
2005)
Early Century
(2015-2044)
Mid Century
(2035-2064)
Late Century
(2070-2099)
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max
Precipitation:
Annual
Average Total
Precipitation
32” 33” 33” 34” 34” 34” 35”
30-33 31-37 30-35 31-38 30-37 30-39 31-40
Days Per Year
With
Precipitation
(Wet Days)
194 days 192 days 191 days 191 days 189 days 190 days 187 days
191-198 179-200 178-198 179-203 172-201 177-202 157-201
Maximum
Period of
Consecutive
Wet Days
12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days
11-13 11-13 10-13 10-13 10-13 11-13 10-13
Annual Days With:
Annual Days
With Total
Precipitation
> 1 inch
2 days 2 days 2 days 3 days 3 days 3 days 3 days
1-2 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-6
Annual Days
With Total
Precipitation
> 2 inches
0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days
0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0
Annual Days
With Total
0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days
0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0
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Precipitation
> 3 inches
Annual Days
That Exceed
99th
Percentile
Precipitation
4 days 5 days 5 days 5 days 6 days 6 days 7 days
4-5 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 6-8
Days With
Maximum
Temperature
Below 32°F
49 days 36 days 35 days 31 days 27 days 25 days 13 days
45-53 18-47 24-45 13-42 11-38 8-40 1-29
Source: Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (2023)
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates and Hazard-Specific Risk
The FEMA NRI does not assess high-hazard dams.
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4.10 Fog
Hazard Description
Fog is a cloud-like mass of condensed water vapor that hovers close to the ground and reduces
visibility.
Hazard Location
Fog could occur anywhere in Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
NOAA measures the extent or intensity of fog based on the visibility range. Fog is classified as
"Dense Fog" when visibility is less than 1/4 mile (402 meters), "Fog" when visibility ranges from
1/4 to 1 mile (402 to 1609 meters), and "Haze" when visibility ranges from 2 to 5 miles (3218 to
8046 meters). The extent or intensity of fog can be further classified based on the severity of its
impact on transportation, aviation, and other activities.
Probability and Frequency
Michigan has approximately one major fog event every two years. NOAA lists one Dense Fog
event for Oakland County since 1950. While only one major fog event has been recorded by
NOAA, fog occurs regularly and can cause disruption, specifically with regard to transportation
and major roadways.
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Past Events
Figure 4-62. Fog-related Traffic Accidents in Oakland County (2018-2022)
Source: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute - Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (MTCF)
2005: Approximately 200 cars collided during a heavy fog in Ingham County. Two people were
killed, 37 were injured, and both lanes of I-96 were closed for hours.
2000: On October 26, 2000, dense fog hovered over the metro Detroit area. This event caused
significant delays for morning commuters and delayed dozens of flights at Detroit Metropolitan
Airport.
1995: Dense fog lasted for over 24 hours, resulting in numerous traffic accidents with four
deaths. School was cancelled and flights were delayed, cancelled, or diverted.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Life Safety and Public Health: Fog can impact life safety and public health in several ways. First,
fog reduces visibility, making it more difficult for drivers to see road signs, other vehicles, and
pedestrians. This can increase the risk of accidents and injuries. Second, fog can also affect air
travel by reducing visibility for pilots and causing flight delays and cancellations. Lastly, fog can
worsen air quality by trapping pollutants close to the ground, leading to respiratory problems,
especially for people with pre-existing conditions like asthma. This can result in moisture on
surfaces, making them slippery and increasing the risk of falls and injuries.
Overall, the impact of fog on life safety and public health depends on its severity and duration,
as well as the vulnerability and exposure of the affected population.
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Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Fog can have an impact on property damage and
critical infrastructure through various means. First, reduced visibility caused by fog can lead to
accidents, damaging property, vehicles, and critical infrastructure. For example, highway or
railroad accidents can be caused by fog, leading to property damage and infrastructure
disruption. Next, fog can cause moisture deposition on surfaces, resulting in the deterioration
of buildings, vehicles, and other infrastructure over time. Fog can also contribute to corrosion
and the breakdown of infrastructure components, such as metal structures, electrical
equipment, and communication systems.
Regarding critical infrastructure, fog can disrupt power transmission and distribution systems,
leading to power outages due to moisture deposition on power lines. Reduced visibility may
also impede maintenance and repair activities. Additionally, communication infrastructure,
including cellular networks, satellite communication, and broadcast systems, can be affected by
fog.
Economy: No data exists demonstrating the economic impact of past dense fog events on
Oakland County.
Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: There is no impact based on
current development trends.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: According to the NOAA, climate change can
impact the severity of dense fog events in several ways. As the climate warms, the amount of
moisture in the atmosphere is expected to increase, leading to more frequent and intense fog
events in some areas. In addition, changes in wind patterns and atmospheric circulation
associated with climate change can impact the frequency and intensity of fog events in
different regions. For example, changes in the frequency and intensity of storms and hurricanes
can alter the amount and distribution of moisture in the atmosphere, affecting fog formation
and dissipation. Climate change can also impact the timing and duration of fog events. This can
lead to more frequent and prolonged coastal fog events, impacting shipping, transportation,
and coastal ecosystems (NOAA, 2023).
Understanding that precipitation can impact fog in several ways. Table 4-43 illustrates 25-year
precipitation projections for Oakland County.
Table 4-65. 25-Year Precipitation Projections for Oakland County
25-YEAR PRECIPITATION PROJECTIONS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
HIGHER EMISSIONS (RCP8.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 13% increase in heavy precipitation within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 0.3 more days of heavy precipitation per year
(from 2.5 days to 2.8 days per year).
LOWER EMISSIONS (RCP4.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 7% increase in heavy precipitation within 25 years.
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By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 0.17 more days of heavy precipitation per year
(from 2.44 days to 2.61 days per year).
Source: Neighborhoods at Risk (https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate)
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates and Hazard-Specific Risk
The FEMA NRI does not assess fog.
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4.11 Severe Summer Storms
Hazard Description
In this plan, severe storms are considered thunderstorms, lightning, microbursts/high winds,
and hailstorms.
Thunderstorms affect relatively small areas when compared to hurricanes and winter storms.
However, despite their small size, all thunderstorms are dangerous. A typical thunderstorm is
15 miles in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes. Of the estimated 100,000
thunderstorms that occur each year in the United States, about 10 percent are classified as
severe. The National Weather Service considers a thunderstorm severe if it produces hail at
least 3/4 inch in diameter, winds of 58 MPH or stronger, or a tornado. Every thunderstorm
needs three essential components: (1) moisture to form clouds and rain, (2) unstable air, which
is warm air that rises rapidly, and (3) lift, which is a cold or warm front capable of lifting air to
help form thunderstorms (NOAA, 2023).
Lightning, although not considered criteria for a severe thunderstorm by the National Weather
Service definition, can accompany heavy rain during thunderstorms. Lightning develops when
ice particles in a cloud move around and collide with other particles. These collisions cause a
separation of electrical charges. As a result, positively charged ice particles rise to the top of the
cloud, while negatively charged particles fall to the middle and lower sections of the cloud. The
negative charges at the base of the cloud attract positive charges at the surface of the Earth.
Invisible to the human eye, the negatively charged area of the cloud sends a charge called a
stepped leader toward the ground. Once it gets close enough, a channel develops between the
cloud and the ground. Lightning is the electrical transfer through this channel. The channel
rapidly heats to 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit and contains approximately 100 million electrical
volts. The rapid expansion of the heated air causes thunder (NOAA, 2023).
Microbursts (Damaging Winds): A microburst is a small, concentrated downburst that
produces an outward burst of strong winds at or near the surface. Microbursts are small — less
than 2.5 miles across — and short-lived, lasting only five to 10 minutes, with maximum
windspeeds sometimes exceeding 100 mph. There are two kinds of microbursts: wet and dry. A
wet microburst is accompanied by heavy precipitation at the surface. Dry microbursts, common
in places like the high plains and the intermountain west, occur with little or no precipitation
reaching the ground (NOAA, 2023).
Hailstorms: Hail is a form of precipitation that occurs when thunderstorm updrafts carry
raindrops upward into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere, where they freeze into ice balls.
Hail can damage aircraft, homes, and cars and kill livestock and people. Table 4-45 outlines
potential hail sizes and describes physical items for comparison (NOAA, 2023).
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Hailstones grow by colliding with supercooled water drops. Supercooled water will freeze in
contact with ice crystals, frozen raindrops, dust, or some other nuclei. Thunderstorms with a
strong updraft keep lifting the hailstones to the top of the cloud, where they encounter more
supercooled water and continue to grow. The hail falls when the thunderstorm’s updraft can no
longer support the weight of the ice, or the updraft weakens. The stronger the updraft, the
more significant the hailstone can grow (NOAA, 2023).
“Hailstones can have layers like an onion if they travel up and down in an updraft, or they can
have few or no layers if they are “balanced” in an updraft. Counting the layers, one can tell how
many times a hailstone traveled to the top of the storm. In addition, hailstones can begin to
melt and re-freeze together – forming large and very irregularly shaped hail (NOAA, 2023).
High Winds: High winds are defined as “sustained winds with speeds of 40 miles per hour
(mph) or greater, or wind gusts with speeds of 58 mph or greater (NOAA, 2023)”. High winds
can have a significant impact on weather conditions and can cause damage to structures, trees,
and power.
Hazard Location
Severe summer storms could occur anywhere in Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Oakland County experiences a range of intensities and magnitudes of severe summer storms.
On average, around five storms each year are categorized as severe thunderstorms due to their
high winds and hail.
Lightning: A lightning flash is created by a transfer of significant charge between two charged
objects. Lightning discharges can occur inter-cloud, cloud-to-cloud, cloud-to-air, and cloud-to-
ground. Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning has the greatest risk to society. A CG stroke can kill,
destroy equipment, start fires, and disturb power delivery systems.
Lightning is commonly measured using the Lightning Activity Level (LAL), which is a scale that
describes the frequency of lightning strikes in a specific area (NWS, 2023).
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Figure 4-63. NWS Lightning Activity Level
Microbursts (Damaging Winds)/ High Winds: The Beaufort Wind Scale explains different wind
speeds based on how they would affect land conditions and sea conditions (NOAA, 2023).
Table 4-66. Beaufort Wind Scale
Force Wind
(Knots)
WMO
Classification Appearance of Wind Effects on Land
0 Less than 1 Calm Calm, smoke rises vertically
1 1–3 Light Air Smoke drift indicates wind direction, still wind vanes
2 4–6 Light Breeze Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, vanes begin to move
3 7–10 Gentle Breeze Leaves and small twigs constantly moving, light flags extended
4 11–16 Moderate
Breeze Dust, leaves, and loose paper lifted, small tree branches move
5 17–21 Fresh Breeze Small trees in leaf begin to sway
6 22–27 Strong Breeze Larger tree branches moving, whistling in wires
7 28–33 Near Gale Whole trees moving, resistance felt walking against wind
8 34–40 Gale Twigs breaking off trees, generally impedes progress
9 41–47 Strong Gale Slight structural damage occurs, slate blows off roofs
10 48–55 Storm Seldom experienced on land, trees broken or uprooted,
“considerable structural damage”
11 56–63 Violent Storm
12 64+ Hurricane
Source: NOAA, 2023
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Hailstorms:
The TORRO Hailstorm Intensity Scale was developed by Jonathan Webb to measure and
categorize hailstorms (TORRO, 2023). It extends from H0 (hard hail, no damage) to H10 (super
hailstorm, extensive structural damage, risk of severe/fatal injuries) with its increments of
intensity or damage potential related to hail size (distribution and maximum), texture,
numbers, fall speed, speed of storm translation, and strength of the accompanying wind. The
scale could be modified depending on factors such as building materials and types (e.g.,
whether roofing tiles are predominantly slate, shingle, or concrete). See the scale in the figure
below (TORRO, 2023).
Figure 4-64. TORRO Hailstorm Intensity Scale
Table 4-67. National Weather Service Hail Descriptions
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HAIL DESCRIPTIONS
DESCRIPTION DIAMETER (INCHES)
Pea 0.25”
Marble or Mothball 0.5”
Penny or Dime 0.75”
Nickel 0.88”
Quarter 1.0”
Half Dollar 1.25”
Walnut or Ping Pong Ball 1.5”
Golf Ball 1.75”
Hen’s Egg 2.0”
Tennis Ball 2.5”
Baseball 2.75”
Teacup 3.0”
Grapefruit 4.0”
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Softball 4.5”
SOURCE: National Weather Service (2023)
As demonstrated below, the National Weather Service also defines the local threat of severe
hail for specified areas based on the likelihood that severe hail will occur combined with the
anticipated size or diameter of the largest hailstones (NWS, 2023).
Figure 4-65. Severe Hail Threat Level
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Probability and Frequency
Oakland County averaged 21.0 Thunderstorm Wind events annually between 2013 and 2023.
Figure 4-57 provides an event summary for this timeframe (NOAA, 2023).
Figure 4-66. Oakland County Thunderstorm Wind Events Summary (2013-2023)
Oakland County averaged 0.1 Lightning events annually between 2013 and 2023. Figure 4-58
provides an event summary for this timeframe (NOAA, 2023). It should be noted that lightning
strikes occur more frequently than what is typically recorded by NOAA.
Figure 4-67. Oakland County Lightning Events Summary (2013-2023)
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Oakland County averaged 1.1 Hailstorm events annually between 2013 and 2023. Figure 4-59
provides an event summary for this timeframe (NOAA, 2023).
Figure 4-68. Oakland County Hailstorm Events Summary (2013-2023)
Oakland County averaged 1.1 Microburst/High Wind events annually between 2013 and 2023.
Figure 4-60 provides an event summary for this timeframe.
Figure 4-69. Oakland County Microburts/High Wind Events Summary (2013-2023)
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Past Events
Thunderstorm Wind:
As Figure 4-57 noted, Oakland County recorded 214 Thunderstorm Wind events between 2013
and 2023. During this time, there was one injury and no deaths. NOAA narrative from select
incidents during this timeframe (resulting in injury/death) are as follows:
• 2019: A few severe thunderstorms developed, producing isolated wind damage. A tree
fell onto the top of a truck, resulting in a minor injury to the driver.
Lightning:
As Figure 4-58 noted, Oakland County recorded one Lightning event between 2013 and 2023.
Lightning strikes occur more frequently than what is noted by NOAA. NOAA's narrative from the
incident is as follows:
• 2021: Lightning struck a tree and transferred to a parked car. A fire was started, and the
exit energy created a hole in the ground by one of the wheels. This incident caused
approximately $5,000 of property damage.
In August of 2020, fires were reported in Commerce Township, Rochester Hills and Bloomfield
Townships with lightning being the likely cause. On August 18, 2019, an apartment fire in
Rochester Hills was caused by a lightning strike. Another facility in Bloomfield Hills was
reportedly struck by lightning in August of 2023 causing a garage to burn.
Hailstorms:
As Figure 4-59 noted, Oakland County recorded 41 Hailstorm events between 2013 and 2023.
NOAA's narrative of a significant incident causing property damage is as follows:
• 2014: A powerful upper-level low-pressure system dropped southward into the Great
Lakes on Sunday, July 27, sparking a good deal of severe thunderstorms in the warm,
moist, and unstable air in advance of the system. Between 2 p.m. and 8 p.m., severe
weather affected nearly all of southeast Michigan. The initial storm that affected
portions of Midland and Bay counties from around 2:15 to 3:15 p.m. was a prolific hail
producer, with hail up to 3 diameters (greater than baseball size) recorded near
Midland. Later, another powerful storm moved across Oakland County between 4:30
and 5:15 pm, dropping hail up to 2.50 in diameter (tennis ball size) near the
Highland/White Lake area, with wind damage reported over central and eastern
portions of the county. The storms also produced heavy rainfall, with a 1-2” swath
recorded over southern Oakland County. Wyandotte, in south Wayne County, picked up
2.67 in 4 hours. In addition, a mobile home park was damaged, with 80 percent of the
homes suffering broken windows. Total damage across south Michigan was estimated
to be 100 million dollars from the storm.
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Microbursts/High Winds:
Figure 4-60 noted that Oakland County recorded 11 Microburst/High Wind events between
2013 and 2023. During this time, there was one injury and one death. NOAA narrative from
incidents resulting in injury/death and/or property/crop damages are as follows:
• 2021: An intense low-pressure system and attendant cold front tracked across the
central Great Lakes on December 11th. Widespread 50-60 mph gusts were observed,
with isolated higher gusts up to 64 mph (measured at both Harbor Beach and Detroit
Metro Airport). Trees, tree limbs, and power lines were reported down across Southeast
Michigan, with at least 150,000 electric customers without power at the peak of the
wind event—property damage estimated at $600,000.
• 2021: A well-organized line of strong to severe thunderstorms developed early
afternoon on Tuesday, September 7th, along and ahead of an advancing cold front.
Most of the damage was observed north of I-69 in cities such as Midland and Saginaw,
where extensive tree damage, power outages, and one hail were observed; however,
less widespread reports were received south of the I-69 corridor. The line of storms
farther south was followed by a swath of high winds, where sustained winds (not
associated with thunderstorms) were observed to be 40-50 mph, with gusts up to 60
mph. Between the severe thunderstorms and high winds, approximately 150,000
customers lost power. As a result, scattered power outages occurred from downed tree
limbs and wires. A fire station in West Bloomfield measured a 54 mph wind gust—
property damage estimated at $25,000.
• 2020: Strong low pressure tracking through the northern Great Lakes produced long
strong winds to southeast Michigan late in the morning of the 15th through the
afternoon and into the evening. Wind gusts of 40-60 mph were common, with even
isolated reports of 65 mph winds enhanced by thunderstorms and heavy showers. As a
result, over 200,000 customers lost power from downed tree limbs and wires. Property
damage is estimated at $1,000.
• 2019: A low-pressure system quickly intensified over the weekend of February 23-24th
as it crossed the Great Lakes region. This system brought blizzard warnings to western
portions of the Great Lakes and high regional winds. A well-mixed boundary layer led to
high winds over the region, with gusts around 60 mph range. Widespread downed tree
limbs with sporadic structural damage were reported. One such report was roof damage
at Adrian College. In addition, downed power lines led to close to 200,000 customers
without power across southeast Michigan, with some outages lasting into Monday. Here
are some of the higher wind gusts reported: Saginaw... 61 mph Detroit... 61 mph
Pontiac... 56 mph Flint... 55 mph Ann Arbor... 55 mph; Adrian... 55 mph; Lapeer... 53
mph—property damage estimated at $1 million.
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• 2018: An intense low-pressure system tracked through northern Lower Michigan,
swinging a strong cold front through southeast Michigan early in the afternoon.
Sustained winds ranged between 30 - 40 mph, with frequent gusts in the 45 to 60 mph
range, with scattered thunderstorms that developed to enhanced winds near 70 MPH.
Downed large trees, branches, telephones, and power lines were reported across all
counties in Southeast Michigan, with around 230,000 customers without power during
the peak. In Independence Township, a large tree fell onto a car, killing the 36-year-old
man inside. A postal employee in South Lyon was also seriously hurt when a tree fell on
him. A semi was also blown over in the strong winds on US 23, blocking all southbound
lanes—property damage for this incident was estimated at $5 million.
• 2017: A non-thunderstorm event occurred over the state on Wednesday, March 8,
2017, as high winds brought wind gusts over 60 mph! The high winds took out power
lines and trees, along with numerous reports of structural damage to buildings. There
were also reports of brush fires, and tractor-trailers flipped over around the area. Due to
the extensive damage, many areas lacked power for several days. Approximately
800,000 DTE customers and about 300,000 Consumers Energy customers were affected.
The highest wind gust reported across Southeast Michigan was 68 mph at both Saginaw
and Detroit Metro Airport—property damage for this incident was estimated at $35
million.
• 2016: Strong southwest winds of 50 to 60 mph brought down trees...tree limbs...and
power lines...mainly along the M-59 corridor and I-94 corridors of Southeast Michigan.
DTE reported 117,000 customers were affected during the peak early Friday evening,
with 75,000 customers remaining without power into Saturday the next day—property
damage for this incident was estimated at $10 million.
• 2014: High winds occurred across Southeast Michigan on November 24. These winds
occurred as a powerful and deepening low-pressure system moved from near the Straits
of Mackinac to Quebec, dragging a strong cold front through Lower Michigan. Peak
winds gusted between 55-65 mph over Metro Detroit and points south, with 45-58 mph
gusts occurring to the north. Numerous downed trees and power lines were reported,
which led to power outages reaching close to 200,000 at the peak of the wind event—
property damage for this incident was estimated at $250,000.
• 2014: A strong low-level jet within the warm sector allowed southwest winds to gust
between 55 and 61 mph across much of Metro Detroit during the morning hours.
Numerous trees, fences, carports, and power lines were reported blown down—
property damage for this incident was estimated at $50,000.
• 2013: A powerful low-pressure system strengthened and tracked northeast from the
western Great Lakes towards James Bay during the afternoon of November 17th
through the overnight hours. Southerly winds out ahead of the cold front allowed
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temperatures to soar into the lower to middle 60s during the afternoon hours across
southeast Michigan. A line of thunderstorms developed with the cold front that swept
through the area during the evening hours. Several storms produced severe wind gusts
and damage as they moved through the area. Behind the cold front, gradient winds
gusted to 55 to 65 mph during the evening and overnight hours, producing additional
damage across southeast Michigan. Widespread trees and power lines downed by the
winds led to over 400,000 homes and businesses losing power—property damage for
this incident estimated at $3 million.
• 2013: An intense Arctic Front swept through southeast Michigan around Midnight of
January 19th, with westerly winds gusting around 60 mph across much of the area
during the early morning hours of January 20th. Dozens of trees and power lines were
downed across individual counties, leading to power outages for over 120,000 DTE
customers during the peak of the winds—property damage for this incident was
estimated at $1.5 million.
Vulnerability and Impacts
All assets located in Oakland County can be considered at risk from severe summer storms. This
includes 100 percent of the county’s population and all buildings and infrastructure.
Life Safety and Public Health: Severe summer storms can significantly impact life safety and
public health. First, lightning strikes are a significant hazard during thunderstorms and can
cause severe injury or even death. People outside during thunderstorms are at risk of being
struck by lightning, which can result in burns, cardiac arrest, and other life-threatening injuries.
Next, thunderstorms can cause flash flooding, which can also be deadly. Flash floods can occur
quickly and without warning and trap people in their homes or vehicles, leading to drowning
and other injuries. Thunderstorms can also produce high winds that can cause damage to
buildings, vehicles, and other structures. Finally, flying debris and falling trees can significantly
harm people outside during a storm.
Hailstones can vary in size from small pellets to large chunks of ice, and they can cause injury to
people and animals caught outside during a storm. This factor poses risks to life safety. People
injured by hailstones may require medical attention. In addition, hailstones can cause cuts,
bruises, and other injuries, mainly if they are large or accompanied by high winds.
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Figure 4-70. Rain-related Traffic Accidents in Oakland County (2018-2022)
Source: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute - Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (MTCF)
Figure 4-71. Crosswind-related Traffic Accidents in Oakland County (2018-2022)
Source: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute - Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (MTCF)
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Figure 4-72. Sleet/Hail-related Traffic Accidents in Oakland County (2018-2022)
Source: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute - Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (MTCF)
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Severe summer storms can significantly impact
property and critical infrastructure. Potential effects of different weather phenomena include:
• Thunderstorms: Thunderstorms can cause flooding, power outages, and damage to
buildings, vehicles, and other infrastructure. The strong winds associated with
thunderstorms can uproot trees and cause damage to roofs and other structures.
Additionally, lightning strikes can damage electrical equipment and start fires,
threatening property and public safety.
• Hail: Hail can cause significant damage to crops, buildings, and vehicles. Large hailstones
can break windows and dent or puncture metal surfaces, resulting in costly repairs and
potential safety hazards.
• Lightning: Lightning strikes can cause damage to electrical equipment, including power
lines and transformers. This can lead to power outages and disrupt communication and
transportation systems, impacting public safety and economic activity.
• High winds: High winds can cause significant damage to property and infrastructure,
including knocking down trees and power lines, damaging roofs, and other structures,
and causing debris to fly around and potentially harm people and property.
Economy: No data exists demonstrating the economic impact of past severe summer storm
events on Oakland County.
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Figure 4-73. Populations Vulnerable to Severe Summer Storms in Oakland County
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey
Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: There is no impact based on
current development trends.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: climate change is expected to impact
summer storms in various ways, resulting in potential impacts such as increased frequency and
intensity of thunderstorms, changes in lightning patterns, larger and more frequent hailstorms,
and more frequent and intense high winds. Warmer temperatures can result in a rise in the
amount of moisture in the atmosphere, leading to more frequent and severe thunderstorms.
Additionally, temperature changes can lead to changes in the distribution and frequency of
lightning strikes, resulting in areas currently too cool for thunderstorms experiencing lightning
strikes. With the stronger updrafts caused by warmer temperatures, hailstones in
thunderstorms may become larger and more frequent. Furthermore, climate change may
increase high wind events in frequency and intensity (NOAA, 2023).
Understanding that precipitation can impact severe summer storms in many ways, Table 4-46
illustrates 25-year precipitation projections for Oakland County while Table 4-47 shows future
climate indicators.
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Table 4-68. 25-Year Precipitation Projections for Oakland County
25-YEAR PRECIPITATION PROJECTIONS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
HIGHER EMISSIONS (RCP8.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 13% increase in heavy precipitation within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 0.3 more days of heavy precipitation per year
(from 2.5 days to 2.8 days per year).
LOWER EMISSIONS (RCP4.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 7% increase in heavy precipitation within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 0.17 more days of heavy precipitation per year
(from 2.44 days to 2.61 days per year).
Source: Neighborhoods at Risk (https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate)
Table 4-69. Future Climate Indicators for Oakland County
FUTURE CLIMATE INDICATORS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
Indicator
Modeled
History
(1976-
2005)
Early Century
(2015-2044)
Mid Century
(2035-2064)
Late Century
(2070-2099)
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max
Temperature Thresholds
Annual Days
With
Maximum
Temperature
>90°
6 days 19 days 21 days 46 days 34 days 35 days 64 days
6-10 9-35 11-35 14-49 16-54 17-67 30-95
Annual Days
With
Maximum
Temperature
>95°
1 day 4 days 6 days 8 days 12 days 13 days 33 days
1-1 1-13 1-17 2-24 4-32 3-38 7-70
Annual Days
With
Maximum
Temperature
>100°
0 days 1 day 1 day 1 day 3 days 3 days 13 days
0-0 0-7 0-8 0-16 1-24 1-16 2-69
Annual Days
With
Maximum
Temperature
>105°
0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 4 days
0-0 0-1 0-0 0-1 0-3 0-2 0-29
Annual Temperature
Annual Single
Highest
Temperature
°F
94°F 98°F 98°F 99°F 101°F 101°F 105°F
93-95 94-101 95-101 96-104 97-106 97-105 99-114
Annual
Highest 89°F 92°F 93°F 94°F 95°F 96°F 100°F
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Maximum
Temperature
Averaged
Over a 5-Day
Period
88-90 89-96 90-96 91-99 92-101 92-101 94-109
Cooling
Degree Days
(CDD)
654
degree-
days
938
degree-
days
980
degree-
days
1,094
degree-days
1,247
degree-
days
1,269
degree-
days
1,866
degree-
days
607-716 749-
1,237
776-
1,146 835-1,474 963-1,548 921-
1,819
1,247-
2,590
Source: Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (2023)
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates
Table 4-70. Oakland County Expected Annual Loss Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR HAIL EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Rating
3.0 events
per year 0.02 $231,902 $898,862 $140 $1,130,904 90.9 Relatively
Moderate
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR STRONG WIND EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Rating
5.7 events
per year 0.24 $2,770,820 $7,630,098 $380 $10,401,297 90.9 Relatively
Moderate
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR LIGHTNING EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Rating
36.6 events
per year 0.07 $820,116 $211,203 N/A $1,031,319 95.4 Relatively
High
Annualized Frequency: The natural hazard annualized frequency is defined as the expected frequency or
probability of a hazard occurrence per year. Annualized frequency is derived either from the number of recorded
hazard occurrences each year over a given period or the modeled probability of a hazard occurrence each year.
Population: Population exposure is defined as the estimated number of people determined to be exposed to a
hazard according to a hazard type-specific methodology.
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized
frequency, and historic loss ratios (Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss
Ratio). Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/expected-annual-loss
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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FEMA Hazard-Specific Risk Index Table
Table 4-71. Oakland County Hazard Specific Risk Index Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RISK INDEX – HAIL EVENTS
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
88.9 / 100 Very Low Very High
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RISK INDEX – STRONG WIND EVENTS
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
99.3 / 100 Very Low Very High
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RISK INDEX – LIGHTNING EVENTS
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
94.2 / 100 Very Low Very High
Risk Index Scores: are a quantitative rating calculated using data for only a single hazard type. Risk Index Scores
are calculated using data for only a single hazard type, and reflect a community's Expected Annual Loss value,
community risk factors, and the adjustment factor used to calculate the risk value.
Social Vulnerability Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Social Vulnerability is measured using
the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Community Resilience Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Community Resilience is measured
using the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (HVRI BRIC) published by the University of South
Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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4.12 Severe Winter Storms
Hazard Description
This plan considers severe winter storms as blizzards, extreme cold, and winter storm events.
Blizzard:
A blizzard is a winter storm with sustained winds or frequent gusts of 35 mph or higher,
accompanied by considerable falling and/or blowing snow that frequently reduces visibility to
less than a quarter mile, lasting at least three hours (NOAA, 2023).
Extreme Cold:
Extreme cold is a temperature significantly lower than the average for a particular location at a
specific time of year. This can vary widely depending on the location and time of year. Still,
extreme cold is generally defined as temperatures well below freezing, often accompanied by
strong winds, that can result in dangerous and potentially life-threatening conditions, such as
frostbite and hypothermia (NOAA, 2023).
Winter Storm:
A winter storm combines heavy snow, freezing rain, sleet, or strong winds that can produce
hazardous and dangerous weather conditions, such as reduced visibility, power outages,
transportation disruptions, and damage to infrastructure and property (NOAA, 2023).
Hazard Location
Severe winter storms could occur anywhere in Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The magnitude or severity of a severe winter storm depends on several factors, including a
region’s climatological susceptibility to snowstorms, snowfall amounts, snowfall rates, wind
speeds, temperatures, visibility, storm duration, topography, time of occurrence during the day
and week (e.g., weekday versus weekend), and time of season.
Extreme Cold: The NWS has developed a formula for calculating wind chill based on
temperature and wind speed and issues wind chill advisories in this region when the wind chill
temperature is predicted to be -10°F or less with winds of 10 mph or higher for one hour or
more. Wind chill warnings are issued when wind chill temperature will be -20°F or less with
winds of 10 mph or higher for one hour or more.
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Figure 4-74. National Weather Service Wind Chill Chart
Winter Storm: The magnitude or severity of a severe winter storm depends on several factors,
including a region’s climatological susceptibility to snowstorms, snowfall amounts, snowfall
rates, wind speeds, temperatures, visibility, storm duration, topography, time of occurrence
during the day and week (e.g., weekday versus weekend), and time of season. Typically, the
NOAA produces the Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) for significant snowstorms that impact the
eastern two thirds of the U.S. The RSI ranks snowstorm impacts on a scale from 1 to 5, similar
to the Fujita scale for tornadoes or the Saffir-Simpson scale for hurricanes. RSI is based on the
spatial extent of the storm, the amount of snowfall, and the juxtaposition of these elements
with population.
Figure 4-75. NOAA National Center for Environmental Information Regional Snowfall Index (RSI)
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The National Weather Service uses the following terms when talking about winter weather
threat to the public:
• Winter Weather Advisory: Snow, blowing snow, ice and/or sleet is expected to produce
potentially dangerous travel conditions within the next 12 to 36 hours.
• Winter Storm Watch: Issued for potentially significant winter weather, including heavy
snow ice, sleet, and/or blowing snow within the next day or two. Now is the time to
prepare!
• Winter Storm Warning: Indicates heavy snow, blowing snow, sleet or a combination of
winter weather hazards are expected to cause a significant impact to life or property.
Stay indoors and adjust travel plans.
• Snow Squall Warning: Sudden whiteout conditions with near zero visibility and flash
freezing of road surfaces resulting in potentially life threatening conditions for travelers.
• Blizzard Warning: Strong winds (35 mph or greater) will produce blinding snow and near
zero visibility, resulting in potentially life-threatening conditions – particularly for
travelers. Blizzards can occur with minimal accumulations of snow.
• Ice Storm Warning: Heavy accumulations of ice are expected to cause a significant
impact to life or property, resulting in hazardous travel conditions, tree damage and
extended power outages.
Ice Storms: The Sperry–Piltz Ice Accumulation Index, or SPIA® Index, is a forward-looking, ice
accumulation and ice damage prediction index that uses an algorithm of researched
parameters that, when combined with National Weather Service forecast data, predicts the
projected footprint, total ice accumulation, and resulting potential damage from approaching
ice storms. It is a tool to be used for risk management and/or winter weather preparedness.
The SPIA® Index is to ice storms what the Enhanced Fujita Scale is to tornadoes, and what the
Saffir–Simpson Scale is to hurricanes. Previous to this hazard scale development, no such
‘forward-looking’ ice accumulation and ice damage index had ever been utilized to predict –
days in advance – the potential damage to overhead utility systems, along with outage duration
possibilities, from freezing rain and/or ice storm events.
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Figure 4-76. The Sperry–Piltz Ice Accumulation Index, or SPIA® Index
Probability and Frequency
Blizzards:
Oakland County did not record a significant blizzard event between 2013-2023; however, the
probability of future occurrence should be expected.
Extreme Cold:
Oakland County averaged 0.20 extreme cold/wind chill events annually between 2013-2023.
Winter Storms:
Oakland County averaged 0.40 severe winter storm events annually between 2013-2023.
Past Events
Blizzards:
Oakland County did not record a significant blizzard event between 2013-2023.
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Extreme Cold:
Table 4-72. Extreme Cold Events in Oakland County, Michigan (2013-2023)
Location County State Date Time T.Z. Type Dth Inj PrD CrD
Totals: 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND (ZONE) OAKLAND MI 02/14/2015 21:00 EST-5 Extreme
Cold/Wind Chill 0 0 0 0.00K
OAKLAND (ZONE) OAKLAND MI 02/19/2015 00:00 EST-5 Extreme
Cold/Wind Chill 0 0 0 0.00K
Totals: 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
Winter Storms:
Table 4-73. Winter Storm Events in Oakland County, Michigan (2013-2023)
Location County State Date Time T.Z. Type Dth Inj PrD CrD
Totals: 0 0 6.00M 0.00K
OAKLAND (ZONE) OAKLAND MI 03/12/2014 00:00 EST-5 Winter Storm 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND (ZONE) OAKLAND MI 03/01/2018 12:00 EST-5 Winter Storm 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND (ZONE) OAKLAND MI 04/14/2018 00:00 EST-5 Winter Storm 0 0 6.000M 0.00K
OAKLAND (ZONE) OAKLAND MI 12/23/2022 02:00 EST-5 Winter Storm 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
Totals: 0 0 6.00M 0.00K
2018: An extensive, complex low-pressure system impacted the Great Lakes region. Southeast
Michigan saw heavy rain, snow, sleet, and freezing rain that began on Friday (April 13) and
lasted through Sunday (April 15). This system brought two main periods of precipitation, with a
short break in between on Saturday. Total rainfall of 1 to 2 inches was typical in many locations
in Southeast Michigan, with 2-3 of snow and sleet north of I-69 and about 1/4 to 1/2 of ice from
freezing rain between the I-94 and I-96 corridors. Widespread tree damage and power outages
from the snow, sleet, and freezing rain occurred. DTE and Consumers Energy reported power
outages for nearly 500,000 customers due to the event. Intense and persistent northeast winds
also lead to lake shore flooding around Saginaw Bay and on the Lake Erie shoreline. Wind gusts
at or above 50 MPH were reported in Bay County on the 14th—property damage for this
incident was estimated at $6 million.
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Figure 4-77. Snow-related Traffic Accidents in Oakland County (2018-2022)
Source: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute - Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (MTCF)
Vulnerability and Impacts
All of Oakland County is vulnerable to severe winter storms. Severe winter storms can lead to
power outages, downed trees and branches, hypothermia, injuries, and loss of life. In addition,
severe weather storms can immobilize large areas, with rural areas particularly impacted by
impassable roads.
Life Safety and Health: Blizzards and winter storms can threaten life safety and public health
significantly. Extreme cold and wind chill can lead to hypothermia and frostbite, which can be
life-threatening if left untreated. Additionally, winter storms can create slippery and icy
conditions, increasing the risk of slips, trips, and falls, resulting in fractures and head trauma.
The hazardous driving conditions caused by heavy snowfall and icy roads increase the risk of car
accidents, which can lead to injuries and fatalities. Using fuel-burning appliances such as
heaters and generators during power outages can result in carbon monoxide poisoning, which
can be fatal. Winter storms can also cause power outages, leading to food spoilage, loss of heat,
and other hazards. Emergency services can also be disrupted during winter storms, making it
difficult for first responders to reach those in need and for hospitals to provide care.
Furthermore, winter storms can exacerbate health conditions such as asthma and heart disease
and increase the risk of respiratory infections.
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Figure 4-78. Populations Vulnerable to Severe Summer Storms in Oakland County
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Blizzards and winter storms can impact property
damage and critical infrastructure. Heavy snow and ice accumulation can cause significant
damage to roofs and buildings, leading to potential collapses. Additionally, snow and ice can
weigh down trees, causing them to break or fall and potentially damaging power lines and
other infrastructure. This can cause power outages, leaving people without electricity for
extended periods.
Winter storms can also cause transportation disruptions, such as flight cancellations, highway
closures, and train delays, potentially leading to economic impacts. In addition, extreme cold
temperatures can cause pipes to freeze and burst, leading to water damage and potentially
contaminating water supplies. Lastly, snow and ice can damage communication infrastructure
such as cell towers and fiber-optic cables, potentially disrupting communication systems. These
impacts on property damage and critical infrastructure can also have long-lasting effects on
individuals and communities.
Economy: While no data exists demonstrating the economic impact of past severe winter
storms on Oakland County, loss of power means businesses and manufacturing concerns must
close. Loss of access due to snow or ice-covered roads has a similar effect. There are also
impacts when people need help getting to work, school, or the store.
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Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: There is no impact based on
current development trends.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: According to the Environmental Defense
Fund (EDF), more snowfall during snowstorms is an expected effect of climate change. EDF
further explains that a warmer planet evaporates more water into the atmosphere, resulting in
more precipitation in heavy snowfall or downpour (Environmental Defense Fund, 2023).
Table 4-52 illustrates 25-year precipitation projections for Oakland County, while Table 4-53
illustrates future climate indicators for Oakland County.
Table 4-74. 25-Year Climate Projections for Oakland County
25-YEAR CLIMATE PROJECTIONS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
HIGHER EMISSIONS (RCP8.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 164% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 7 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 11 days per year).
LOWER EMISSIONS (RCP4.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 112% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 4 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 7 days per year).
Source: Neighborhoods at Risk (https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate)
Table 4-75. Future Climate Indicators for Oakland County
FUTURE CLIMATE INDICATORS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
Indicator
Modeled
History
(1976-
2005)
Early Century
(2015-2044)
Mid Century
(2035-2064)
Late Century
(2070-2099)
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max
Precipitation:
Annual
Average Total
Precipitation
32” 33” 33” 34” 34” 34” 35”
30-33 31-37 30-35 31-38 30-37 30-39 31-40
Days Per Year
With
Precipitation
(Wet Days)
194 days 192 days 191 days 191 days 189 days 190 days 187 days
191-198 179-200 178-198 179-203 172-201 177-202 157-201
Maximum
Period of
Consecutive
Wet Days
12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days 12 days
11-13 11-13 10-13 10-13 10-13 11-13 10-13
Annual Days With:
Annual Days
With Total
2 days 2 days 2 days 3 days 3 days 3 days 3 days
1-2 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-6
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Precipitation
> 1 inch
Annual Days
With Total
Precipitation
> 2 inches
0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days
0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0
Annual Days
With Total
Precipitation
> 3 inches
0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days 0 days
0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0
Annual Days
That Exceed
99th
Percentile
Precipitation
4 days 5 days 5 days 5 days 6 days 6 days 7 days
4-5 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 6-8
Days With
Maximum
Temperature
Below 32°F
49 days 36 days 35 days 31 days 27 days 25 days 13 days
45-53 18-47 24-45 13-42 11-38 8-40 1-29
Source: Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (2023)
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates
Table 4-76. Oakland County Expected Annual Loss Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR COLD WAVE EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Rating
0.7 events
per year 0.37 $4,238,105 $2,413 $104 $4,240,621 99.5 Very High
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR ICE STORM EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Rating
1.8 events
per year 0.01 $93,311 $8,038,094 N/A $8,131,405 99.8 Very High
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR WINTER WEATHER EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Rating
2.9 events
per year 0.00 $20,527 $197,160 $86 $217,773 83.4 Relatively
High
Annualized Frequency: The natural hazard annualized frequency is defined as the expected frequency or
probability of a hazard occurrence per year. Annualized frequency is derived either from the number of recorded
hazard occurrences each year over a given period or the modeled probability of a hazard occurrence each year.
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Population: Population exposure is defined as the estimated number of people determined to be exposed to a
hazard according to a hazard type-specific methodology.
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized
frequency, and historic loss ratios (Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss
Ratio). Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/expected-annual-loss
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
FEMA Hazard-Specific Risk Index Table
Table 4-77 Oakland County Hazard Specific Risk Index Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RISK INDEX – COLD WAVE EVENTS
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
99.2 / 100 Very Low Very High
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RISK INDEX – ICE STORM EVENTS
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
99.8 / 100 Very Low Very High
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RISK INDEX – WINTER WEATHER EVENTS
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
79.4 / 100 Very Low Very High
Risk Index Scores: are a quantitative rating calculated using data for only a single hazard type. Risk Index Scores
are calculated using data for only a single hazard type, and reflect a community's Expected Annual Loss value,
community risk factors, and the adjustment factor used to calculate the risk value.
Social Vulnerability Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Social Vulnerability is measured using
the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Community Resilience Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Community Resilience is measured
using the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (HVRI BRIC) published by the University of South
Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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4.13 Subsidence
Hazard Description
Subsidence is depressions, cracks, and sinkholes in the ground surface that can threaten people
and property. When there is a collapse or lowering of a land surface, it can be caused by a
variety of natural or human-induced activities. Natural subsidence occurs when the ground
collapses into underground cavities due to the dissolution of limestone or other soluble
materials, such as salt and gypsum, by groundwater. Over time, the dissolution of rock into
groundwater can create a void that may be subject to sudden and catastrophic collapse,
causing a sinkhole.
Human induced subsidence is caused mainly by groundwater withdrawal, drainage of organic
soils, and underground mining. In the U.S., these activities have caused more than 17,000
square miles of surface subsidence, with groundwater withdrawal as the primary culprit.
Subsidence can lead to the sinking of buildings, infrastructure, and land, which can have
significant impacts on the environment and communities. For the purposes of the Oakland
County plan, both natural and mining-related subsidence risks are included.
In Michigan, the greatest risk of subsidence is associated with underground mining. Mine
subsidence is a geologic hazard that can occur with little or no warning. It occurs when the
ground surface collapses into underground mine areas. Strain from geological movements,
additional surface loading, and vibrations from truck traffic and other industrial machinery can
cause the ground above and around old mines to sink and collapse. Industrial or residential
developments that are near or above active or abandoned mines are threatened by subsidence
due to their proximity to underground cavities. Mine subsidence can cause damage to
buildings, disrupt underground utilities, and be a potential threat to human life.
Hazard Location
More analysis and future updates of this plan should explore the likely locations and impacts of
natural subsidence in Oakland County. Although subsidence cannot be entirely discounted,
it is not considered a serious threat in Oakland County due to the stable bedrock and distance
from susceptible areas. However, there have been a few recent incidents of small-scale
sinkholes caused by the aging infrastructure.
The legacy of underground mining can be felt throughout the state, especially in the Upper
Peninsula, and not necessarily in Oakland County. Oakland County is not known for significant
mining activities, and there are no active mines listed in the county. Oakland County is primarily
an urban and suburban area with a focus on residential, commercial, and industrial
development rather than mining. However, many of the underground mining areas, whether
active or abandoned, are vulnerable to subsidence in some form. Unfortunately, records of
abandoned mines are often unreliable and sometimes non-existent; it is often difficult to
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determine exactly where the mines were located. In some cases, mine locations are not publicly
available to prevent people from visiting these locations to reduce potential injuries. Many
areas throughout the state may have been developed over abandoned mines and may not be
aware of it.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The specific method used to measure subsidence depends on the type of subsidence being
studied and the available data and resources. The Michigan Department of Environment, Great
Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) measure the extent and intensity of subsidence, both natural and
mining-related, using a variety of methods, including:
• LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology: LiDAR is a remote sensing method
that uses lasers to create highly detailed maps of the Earth's surface. LiDAR can be used
to create high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) that can be used to identify
areas of subsidence.
• GPS (Global Positioning System) surveys: GPS surveys can be used to measure changes
in the elevation of the ground surface over time, which can indicate subsidence.
• Aerial photography: Historical aerial photographs can identify areas where the ground
surface has subsided over time.
• Borehole surveys: Borehole surveys involve drilling holes into the ground and measuring
the depth of bedrock or other geological features. These surveys can help identify areas
where subsidence has occurred.
• Geophysical surveys: Geophysical surveys involve using instruments to measure the
physical properties of the subsurface, such as electrical conductivity or magnetic
susceptibility. These surveys can help identify areas where subsidence has occurred or is
likely to occur.
Probability, Frequency, and Past Events
July 2021: A human-made sinkhole incident was caused by groundwater and soil disturbance
during tunnel construction in Oakland County. This incident resulted in the freeway closure of
northbound I-75 between I-696 and 12 Mile Road for several days.
More analysis and future updates of this plan should explore the future probability of
subsidence in Oakland County.
Vulnerability and Impact
Natural or mining subsidence can cause various vulnerabilities and impacts. Among these,
infrastructure damage is a significant concern as subsidence can cause damage to buildings,
roads, bridges, and other structures. This is often characterized by cracks in foundations, walls,
and floors which can lead to structural problems. Another significant impact of subsidence is on
water quality. Changes in the hydrology of an area can occur due to subsidence, which can
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affect water quality. For instance, the ground sinking and shifting can disrupt natural drainage
patterns and increase the risk of flooding, contaminating surface water and groundwater.
Subsidence can also limit land use for certain activities, such as construction or agriculture.
Areas with a subsidence history may be designated as high-risk zones and subject to restrictions
or regulations, which can further impact land use.
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates and Hazard-Specific Risk
The FEMA NRI does not assess subsidence.
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4.14 Tornado
Hazard Description
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.
Since wind is invisible, tornadoes are hard to see unless one forms from water droplets, dust,
and debris. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind
speeds of 250 mph or more. Damage paths can be more than one mile wide and 50 miles long.
Most tornadoes have wind speeds of 112 mph or less.
Hazard Location
A tornado could occur anywhere in Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The Enhanced Fujita Scale, or the “EF-Scale,” measures tornado strength and associated
damages. This Enhanced Fujita Scale is illustrated in Table 4-56. The EF-Scale is an update to the
earlier Fujita scale published in 1971. It classifies tornadoes in the United States into six
intensity categories based on the estimated maximum winds within the wind vortex. The EF-
Scale has become the definitive metric for assessing wind speeds within tornadoes based on
the damage done to buildings and structures since it was implemented through the National
Weather Service in 2007.
Table 4-78. Enhanced Fujita Scale and Associated Damage
EF-Scale
Number
Wind Speed
(MPH) Type of Damage Possible
EFO 65-85
Minor damage: Peels surface off some roofs; some damage to gutters or
siding; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
Confirmed tornadoes with no reported damage (i.e., those that remain in
open fields) are always rated EF0.
EF1 86-110
Moderate damage: Roofs severely stripped; manufactured homes
overturned or badly damaged; loss of exterior doors; windows and other
glass broken.
EF2 111-135
Considerable damage: Roofs torn off well-constructed houses;
foundations of frame homes shifted; manufactured homes destroyed;
large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars
lifted off ground.
EF3 136-165
Severe damage: Entire stories of well-constructed houses destroyed;
severe damage to large buildings such as shopping malls; trains
overturned; trees debarked; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown;
structures with weak foundations blown away some distance.
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EF4 166-200 Devastating damage: Well-constructed houses and whole frame houses
completely leveled; cars thrown, and small missiles generated.
EF5 >200
Extreme damage: Sturdy frame houses leveled off foundations and swept
away; automobile-sized missiles fly more than 100 m (300 ft.); steel
reinforced concrete structure badly damaged; high-rise buildings have
significant structural deformation.
Based on historical and probabilistic models, the most severe and intense tornado was an F4.
Given the geographic location and probabilistic models, this would suggest that an EF5 would
be possible in Oakland County.
Probability and Frequency
According to the National Weather Service, Oakland County has an average of one tornado per
year. However, it’s important to note that tornadoes can occur at any time and location. Figure
4-70 shows that most tornadoes occur between April and August in Oakland County. In Oakland
County, tornadoes have been recorded in every month but January and December (NOAA,
2023). In total, Oakland County has recorded 35 tornadoes from the year 1950 to 2023.
Figure 4-79. Oakland County – All Tornadoes By Month
Source: National Weather Service (2023)
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Past Events
Table 4-57 illustrates tornadic events in Oakland County from 1950 to 2023. During this
timeframe, there were 35 events recorded, with 78 injuries and three deaths. It should be
noted there is no narrative recorded (within the NOAA database) for any historical event in
Table 4-57 causing injury, death, or damage (property or crop) (NOAA, 2023).
Table 4-79. Tornadic Activity in Oakland County, Michigan (1950-2023)
Location County/Zone St Date Time T.Z. Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD
Totals: 3 78 55.215M 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 06/08/1953 18:35 CST Tornado F3 0 4 2.500M 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 07/15/1955 08:00 CST Tornado F1 0 0 2.50K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 05/12/1956 17:12 CST Tornado F2 0 0 250.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 05/12/1956 17:12 CST Tornado F2 0 0 250.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 04/27/1957 09:30 CST Tornado F0 0 0 2.50K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 07/04/1957 18:55 CST Tornado F4 0 2 250.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 05/08/1964 15:33 CST Tornado F2 0 1 25.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 08/02/1972 14:23 CST Tornado F3 0 0 2.500M 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 06/26/1973 15:00 CST Tornado F2 0 0 2.50K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 07/14/1974 15:23 CST Tornado F1 0 0 25.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 04/18/1975 17:42 CST Tornado F1 0 2 250.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 03/20/1976 18:15 CST Tornado F4 1 55 25.000M 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 05/02/1976 13:30 CST Tornado F1 0 0 25.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 09/10/1986 17:58 EST Tornado F2 0 0 250.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 09/26/1986 17:45 EST Tornado F0 0 0 2.50K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 05/14/1987 16:10 EST Tornado F1 0 8 250.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 06/21/1987 13:45 CST Tornado F2 1 6 2.500M 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 04/03/1988 16:19 CST Tornado F1 0 0 2.50K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 04/03/1988 16:38 EST Tornado F1 0 0 0.03K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 07/22/1988 16:00 EST Tornado F0 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 08/05/1988 14:07 CST Tornado F0 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 08/17/1988 16:30 CST Tornado F1 0 0 25.00K 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 09/14/1990 12:10 EST Tornado F3 0 0 2.500M 0.00K
OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 09/14/1990 12:15 EST Tornado F1 0 0 2.500M 0.00K
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OAKLAND CO. OAKLAND MI 07/07/1991 19:00 EST Tornado F2 0 0 250.00K 0.00K
NOVI OAKLAND MI 06/12/1996 11:15 EST Tornado F0 0 0 2.00K 0.00K
HOLLY OAKLAND MI 07/02/1997 16:32 EST Tornado F1 1 0 2.000M 0.00K
MILFORD OAKLAND MI 05/21/2001 12:23 EST Tornado F0 0 0 75.00K 0.00K
CLYDE OAKLAND MI 10/24/2001 19:10 EST Tornado F1 0 0 750.00K 0.00K
LEONARD OAKLAND MI 05/05/2003 19:00 EST Tornado F1 0 0 90.00K 0.00K
HOLLY OAKLAND MI 08/24/2007 17:00 EST-5 Tornado EF1 0 0 4.000M 0.00K
GOODISON OAKLAND MI 09/21/2014 04:47 EST-5 Tornado EF1 0 0 400.00K 0.00K
WHITE LAKE OAKLAND MI 07/24/2021 18:54 EST-5 Tornado EF1 0 0 8.500M 0.00K
DAVISBURG OAKLAND MI 10/03/2021 17:19 EST-5 Tornado EF0 0 0 0.00K 0.00K
NEWARK OAKLAND MI 07/11/2022 22:35 EST-5 Tornado EF0 0 0 35.00K 0.00K
Totals: 3 78 55.215M 0.00K
August 24, 2023: Rapidly developing thunderstorms began to pop up over Central and
Southwest Lower Michigan by the early evening hours of August 24th. The storms quickly grew
upscale and became severe, leading to a west-east line of severe thunderstorms which dropped
south through southeast Michigan during the evening hours.
Strong winds in the mid-levels allowed for damaging winds to be the primary hazard, with areas
of southeast Michigan seeing 60-80 MPH wind gusts which led to extensive tree damage and
power outages. At the peak, close to 500,000 customers lost power in southern lower
Michigan. A surface low tracking through southern Lower Michigan was able to help spawn
tornadoes, with an EF-2 developing over northeast Ingham. This tornado weakened and tracked
into Livingston county near Fowlerville before dissipating. This 12 mile track tornado was by far
the strongest and longest duration one of the day, and also resulted in 1 fatality as cars were
flipped on I-69 in Ingham county.
While Oakland County did not experience as much storm damage as other areas such as the
Williamston/Fowlerville area, South Lyon reported trees and power lines were downed by the
storm, with damage to numerous homes and vehicles, especially on the west side of Lafayette
Street/Pontiac Trail and south of Lake Street/10 Mile.
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Figure 4-80. Damage from Storm
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Vulnerability and Impacts
Life Safety: People can inadvertently put their lives in danger during a tornado or have little or
no warning. Some of the ways tornadoes can impact life safety include the following:
• Injuries and Fatalities: Tornadoes can cause injuries and fatalities due to flying debris,
collapsing buildings, and the sheer force of the winds. These injuries and casualties can
occur to people caught in the tornado's path or those in poorly constructed or
unprotected buildings.
• Structural Damage: Tornadoes can destroy or severely damage buildings, making them
unsafe for occupants. People may become trapped in collapsed structures, leading to
life-threatening situations.
• Power Outages: Tornadoes can disrupt power lines and electrical infrastructure, causing
widespread power outages. This can impact medical facilities, emergency services, and
the ability to communicate during and after a tornado.
• Communication Disruptions: Tornadoes can damage communication infrastructure,
including cell towers and landline networks. This can hinder emergency responders'
ability to coordinate and provide assistance.
• Transportation Disruptions: Tornadoes can block roads with debris, making it
challenging for emergency responders to reach affected areas quickly. Limited
transportation options can also hinder the evacuation of residents in the tornado's path.
• Displacement and Homelessness: Tornadoes can render homes uninhabitable, leading
to the displacement of residents. Finding temporary shelter for those affected becomes
a critical concern for local authorities.
• Health Risks: After a tornado, there may be health risks related to exposure to the
elements, contaminated water, and other hazards. Injuries sustained during the tornado
may also lead to secondary health issues without prompt medical attention.
• Psychological Impact: Tornadoes can have a lasting psychological impact on survivors,
causing stress, anxiety, and trauma. Mental health support becomes essential for
affected individuals and communities.
According to FEMA, tornadoes can also disproportionately impact disadvantaged or challenged
communities in the following ways:
• Lack of Preparedness: Low-income communities may lack the resources and
infrastructure necessary for effective disaster preparedness and response. This can
include limited access to early warning systems, emergency shelters, or communication
tools.
• Inadequate Shelter: Many disadvantaged communities may have substandard housing
or lack access to safe and sturdy buildings. This can lead to a higher risk of injury or
death during tornadoes, as inadequate shelter may not provide adequate protection
from the storm's fury.
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• Limited Mobility: Some residents of disadvantaged communities may have limited
mobility due to disabilities, lack of transportation, or other factors. This can make it
more challenging for them to seek shelter or evacuate quickly when tornado warnings
are issued.
• Health Vulnerabilities: Individuals with pre-existing health conditions or those who rely
on medical equipment that requires electricity may face greater risks during tornadoes,
especially if power outages occur.
• Language and Cultural Barriers: Communities with a significant non-English-speaking
population or cultural differences may face challenges in receiving and understanding
emergency alerts and instructions, which can hinder their ability to respond effectively.
• Economic Impact: Tornadoes can devastate local economies, and disadvantaged
communities may have fewer resources to recover and rebuild. This can result in
prolonged hardships and displacement for residents.
The FEMA Community Resilience Challenges Index (CRCI) provides a relative assessment of a
community's potential resilience and gives insights into population and community
characteristics from which to build emergency operations plans and targeted outreach
strategies. Figure 4-72 illustrates the impact of EF1 to EF5 tornadoes to CCRI tracts in Oakland
County.
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Figure 4-81. Tornadic Impacts to CRCI Tracts in Oakland County
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDEX STORY MAP
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) 2023
Property Damage and Critical Facilities: According to FEMA, tornadoes can impact property
damage and critical infrastructure in different ways. Some of the most common impacts are as
follows:
• Structural Damage: Tornadoes have the potential to cause extensive structural damage
to residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. High winds and flying debris can
lead to roofs being torn off, walls collapsing, and the destruction of entire structures.
This can result in severe property damage and financial losses.
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• Debris Accumulation: Tornadoes often leave behind a trail of debris, including trees,
vehicles, and building materials. This debris can obstruct roads, making it difficult for
emergency responders to access affected areas and delaying recovery efforts.
• Infrastructure Damage: Tornadoes can damage critical infrastructure, such as power
lines, water and sewage systems, transportation networks (roads, bridges, and airports),
and communication systems (cell towers, telephone lines). Disruptions to these systems
can have cascading effects, hindering emergency response and recovery.
• Power Outages: Tornadoes frequently cause power outages by knocking down electrical
lines and damaging substations. Extended power outages can affect not only residents
but also essential services like hospitals, emergency response centers, and water
treatment plants.
• Water Supply Issues: Tornadoes may damage water treatment facilities and distribution
systems, leading to water supply disruptions or contamination concerns. This can impact
public health and further complicate disaster response efforts.
• Transportation Disruptions: Tornadoes can block or damage roads, bridges, and
railways, making transportation challenging. This can impede the movement of
emergency vehicles, supplies, and personnel.
• Environmental Impact: Tornadoes can cause environmental damage by releasing
hazardous materials, damaging ecosystems, and contaminating soil and water sources.
Cleanup and mitigation of these environmental hazards can be costly and time-
consuming.
Although tornadoes strike at random, making all buildings vulnerable, three types of structures
are more likely to suffer damage:
• Manufactured homes,
• Homes on crawlspaces (more susceptible to lift), and
• Buildings with large spans include airplane hangars, gymnasiums, and factories.
Residents living in manufactured homes are more vulnerable than people in permanent homes.
Oakland County has approximately 14,345 manufactured homes that could be impacted by a
tornadic event (Neighborhoods At Risk, 2023). Figure 4-73 illustrates tornadic impact to
manufactured home areas in Oakland County.
In areas subject to extreme wind events, those responsible for public safety—including building
owners, schools, hospitals, and neighborhood associations—should consider building accessible
community safe rooms. In addition, people who live or work in structures with inadequate
protection, such as manufactured homes or buildings with long-span roofs, also should discuss
the option of building a community safe room or shelter (FEMA, 2021).
Because a tornado can hit anywhere in the county, all structures are susceptible to being hit.
Schools are a particular concern, though, for two reasons:
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• Many people are present, either during school or as a storm shelter.
• They have large span areas, such as gyms and theaters.
Figure 4-74 illustrates tornadic impact to critical infrastructure in Oakland County. Figure 4-75
illustrates tornadic impacts to schools and universities (key resources) in Oakland County.
Figure 4-82. Tornadic Impacts to Manufactured Homes in Oakland County
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDEX STORY MAP
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) 2023
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Figure 4-83. Tornadic Impacts to Critical Infrastructure in Oakland County
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDEX STORY MAP
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) 2023
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Figure 4-84. Tornadic Impacts to Schools and Universities in Oakland County
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDEX STORY MAP
Source: FEMA Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) 2023
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Economy: No data exists demonstrating the economic impact of past tornadoes on Oakland
County. However, significant historical events in Michigan and the U.S. have been shown to
impact stores and small businesses, including excessive loss of revenue.
Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: No data exists demonstrating
the impact of tornadoes on future development in Oakland County. However, tornadoes in
Michigan and the U.S. have been shown to influence changes in building codes and zoning laws
to ensure that structures are built to withstand high winds and other severe weather events.
Additionally, tornadoes can lead to changes in emergency management plans to better prepare
for future disasters. For example, storm shelters and warning systems may be installed to
better protect residents during severe weather.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: In a 2021 thesis study, pseudo-global
warming (PGW) methodology was used to analyze two historical tornadic events within
environments influenced by anthropogenic climate change (ACC). In the findings of this study,
weather research and forecasting modeling (WRF) suggested that more convective and intense
storms would occur under ACC. In addition, accumulated precipitation also generally increased,
and more areas received measurable rainfall, where extreme rainfall – more than 100 mm –
increased by more than 50% on average (Woods, 2021).
Climate Change Impact on Tornadic Events in Oakland County:
Table 4-80. 25-Year Climate Projections for Oakland County
25-YEAR CLIMATE PROJECTIONS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
HIGHER EMISSIONS (RCP8.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 164% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 7 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 11 days per year).
LOWER EMISSIONS (RCP4.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 112% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 4 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 7 days per year).
Source: Neighborhoods at Risk (https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate)
Using Woods’ thesis study and 25-Year climate projections in Table 4-58, it is possible to
conclude that increasing climate conditions will impact the connectivity and intensity of future
tornadic events in Oakland County.
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates
Table 4-81. Oakland County Expected Annual Loss Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR TORNADO EVENTS
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Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Rating
0.4 events
per year 4.10 $47,558,910 $42,620,190 $690 $90,179,789 99.8 Very High
Annualized Frequency: The natural hazard annualized frequency is defined as the expected frequency or
probability of a hazard occurrence per year. Annualized frequency is derived either from the number of recorded
hazard occurrences each year over a given period or the modeled probability of a hazard occurrence each year.
Population: Population exposure is defined as the estimated number of people determined to be exposed to a
hazard according to a hazard type-specific methodology.
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized
frequency, and historic loss ratios (Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss
Ratio). Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/expected-annual-loss
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
FEMA Hazard-Specific Risk Index Table
Table 4-82 Oakland County Hazard Specific Risk Index Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RISK INDEX – TORNADO EVENTS
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
99.7 / 100 Very Low Very High
Risk Index Scores: are a quantitative rating calculated using data for only a single hazard type. Risk Index Scores
are calculated using data for only a single hazard type, and reflect a community's Expected Annual Loss value,
community risk factors, and the adjustment factor used to calculate the risk value.
Social Vulnerability Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Social Vulnerability is measured using
the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Community Resilience Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Community Resilience is measured
using the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (HVRI BRIC) published by the University of South
Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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4.15 Wildfire
Hazard Description
A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire within an open space, forested area, brush or grassed area or
wild land.
Hazard Location
Figure 4-77 illustrates areas (Grasslands and Shrubs, Woodland and Wetland) in Oakland
County, considered vulnerable to Wildfire.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) measures the extent and intensity of
wildfires using a variety of methods, including:
• Fire behavior models: The DNR uses computer models that consider factors such as fuel
type, weather conditions, and topography to predict a wildfire's behavior. These models
can help firefighters determine a fire's potential extent and intensity.
• Aerial observations: The DNR often uses aircraft to survey wildfires from above,
allowing them to get a better understanding of the fire's size, shape, and behavior. This
information can be used to decide fire suppression tactics and allocate resources.
• Ground observations: Firefighters on the ground use various tools to measure the
extent and intensity of a wildfire, including GPS units, infrared cameras, and handheld
weather stations. They may also use visual cues such as smoke columns and flame
height to gauge the fire's behavior.
• Remote sensing: The DNR uses satellite imagery and other remote sensing tools to track
wildfires and their spread. This information can be used to create maps and other visual
aids that help firefighters and emergency managers decide on resource allocation and
evacuation orders.
The National Wildfire Coordination Group’s data standard provides a standard code and
definition for classifying a fire into one of several ranges of fire size based on the number of
acres within the final fire perimeter.
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Table 4-83 National Wildfire Coordination Group Data Standard
Source: https://www.nwcg.gov/data-standards/approved/fire-size-class
Probability and Frequency
Due to the urban and suburban nature of Oakland County, the probability of wildfires occurring
in the county is relatively low compared to more rural areas of the state. However, wildfires
have occurred in Oakland County in the past, and the frequency of future incidents will be
predicated upon weather conditions and other factors. For example, although the NOAA
doesn’t list any wildfires for Oakland County between 1950 and 2023, Oakland County recorded
54 (DNR jurisdiction only) wildfires between 1981 and 2005 (County, 2017).
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Figure 4-85. Wildfire Likelihood in Oakland County
Source: https://wildfirerisk.org/explore/wildfire-likelihood/26/26125/
As a state, Michigan averaged 246 wildfires annually between the years 2013 and 2022, as seen
in Figure 4-78 (Michigan DNR, 2023).
Oakland
County
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Figure 4-86. Wildfire Vulnerability Map
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Figure 4-87. Michigan DNR Wildfire Infographic
Past Events
According to Michigan Bureau of Fire Services data, over the past decade, Oakland County has
averaged 14 forest, woods, and/or wildland fires each year. There have been no significant
wildfire events in that time.
Recent wildfires in Canada, however, have caused poor air quality conditions in counties across
Michigan, prompting advisories by the National Weather Service. This is an emerging concern,
which is indirectly related to the wildfire risk. Pollutants in the air can create unhealthy
conditions for sensitive groups, like those with respiratory or heart conditions.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Life Safety: Wildfires can significantly impact human safety, including physical injury, death,
and/or respiratory issues. Wildfires directly threaten human life due to the risk of injury or
death. In addition, the smoke from wildfires can cause respiratory problems, particularly for
individuals with pre-existing conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD).
Property Damage and Critical Facilities: Wildfires can significantly impact property damage and
critical facilities in various ways. One way is through direct damage to structures, where
wildfires can damage homes, businesses, and other structures, leading to property loss and
potentially rendering them unsafe or unusable. In addition, wildfires can also damage critical
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infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and utility lines, impacting access to affected areas and
essential services.
Another impact is on emergency services, including fire departments, police, and medical
personnel, as wildfires can strain these services, impacting response times and overall
effectiveness. Additionally, wildfires can contaminate water sources with ash and other debris,
impacting drinking water's safety and usability. Wildfires can also prompt evacuation orders for
residents in affected areas, which can be disruptive and potentially dangerous.
Figure 4-88. Wildfire Risk to Homes in Oakland County
Source: https://wildfirerisk.org/explore/risk-to-homes/26/26125/
Economy: No data exists demonstrating the economic impact of past wildfires on Oakland
County. However, wildfires can have broad economic effects on communities, including
disruptions to tourism, agriculture, and other industries.
Changes in Development and Impact of Future Development: Wildfires can change current or
future development in several ways. Wildfires can alter the landscape and change how land is
used, making previously suitable areas for agriculture or residential development unsuitable
after a wildfire. This change in land use can also impact the value of land in affected areas, as
the potential for future wildfires can make the land less desirable for development.
Oakland
County
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In addition, wildfires can affect zoning and planning considerations for future development.
Areas that are deemed high-risk for wildfires may be subject to additional regulations or
restrictions, which can impact the ability of property owners and developers to use or develop
the land in certain ways. Wildfires can also impact insurance considerations for property
owners and developers in affected areas. Subsequently, insurance rates may increase in high-
risk areas due to the potential for future wildfires.
Effects of Climate Change on Severity of Impacts: Climate change is expected to increase the
frequency and severity of wildfires by creating conditions more conducive to wildfire. Warmer
temperatures, drier conditions, and changes in precipitation patterns can create conditions that
increase the likelihood of wildfires and make them more difficult to control (Michigan State
University, 2023).
Climate Change Impact on Wildfire Events in Oakland County:
Table 4-84. 25-Year Climate Projections for Oakland County
25-YEAR CLIMATE PROJECTIONS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
HIGHER EMISSIONS (RCP8.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 164% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 7 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 11 days per year).
LOWER EMISSIONS (RCP4.5)
Oakland County is expected to experience a 112% increase in extremely hot days within 25 years.
By 2048, Oakland County is expected to experience 4 more days that reach above 95°F (from 4 days
to 7 days per year).
Source: Neighborhoods at Risk (https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate)
Table 4-85. Future Climate Indicators for Oakland County
FUTURE CLIMATE INDICATORS FOR OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
Indicator
Modeled
History
(1976-
2005)
Early Century
(2015-2044)
Mid Century
(2035-2064)
Late Century
(2070-2099)
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Lower
Emissions
Higher
Emissions
Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max
Precipitation:
Days Per Year
With No
Precipitation
(Dry Days)
172 days 173 days 174 days 174 days 176 days 175 days 178 days
167-75 165-186 167-187 162-186 164-193 163-188 164-208
Maximum
Number of
Consecutive Dry
Days
11 days 11 days 11 days 11 days 12 days 12 days 12 days
10-12 10-13 10-13 10-13 10-14 10-13 10-16
194 days 192 days 191 days 191 days 189 days 190 days 187 days
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Days Per Year
With
Precipitation
(Wet Days)
191-198 179-200 178-198 179-203 172-201 177-202 157-201
Temperature Thresholds:
Annual Days
With Maximum
Temperature
>90°F
6 days 19 days 21 days 26 days 34 days 35 days 64 days
6-10 9-35 11-35 14-49 16-54 17-67 30-95
Annual Days
With Maximum
Temperature
>100°F
0 days 1 day 1 day 1 day 3 days 13 0 days
0-0 0-2 0-4 0-9 0-15 0-9 1-48
Source: Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (2023)
FEMA NRI Expected Annual Loss Estimates
Table 4-86. Oakland County Expected Annual Loss Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
EXPECTED ANNUAL LOSS TABLE FOR WILDFIRE EVENTS
Annualized
Frequency Population Population
Equivalence
Building
Value
Agriculture
Value
Total
Value
Expected
Annual
Loss
Score
Rating
0.001%
chance 0.00 $21,131 $275,997 $1 $297,130 76.6 Relatively
Low
Annualized Frequency: The natural hazard annualized frequency is defined as the expected frequency or
probability of a hazard occurrence per year. Annualized frequency is derived either from the number of recorded
hazard occurrences each year over a given period or the modeled probability of a hazard occurrence each year.
Population: Population exposure is defined as the estimated number of people determined to be exposed to a
hazard according to a hazard type-specific methodology.
Expected Annual Loss scores are calculated using an equation that combines values for exposure, annualized
frequency, and historic loss ratios (Expected Annual Loss = Exposure × Annualized Frequency × Historic Loss
Ratio). Source: hazards.fema.gov/nri/expected-annual-loss
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
FEMA Hazard-Specific Risk Index Table
Table 4-87. Oakland County Hazard Specific Risk Index Table
OAKLAND COUNTY, MI
FEMA HAZARD SPECIFIC RISK INDEX – WILDFIRE EVENTS
Risk Index Score Social Vulnerability Rating Community Resilience Rating
73.2 Very Low Very High
Risk Index Scores: are a quantitative rating calculated using data for only a single hazard type. Risk Index Scores
are calculated using data for only a single hazard type, and reflect a community's Expected Annual Loss value,
community risk factors, and the adjustment factor used to calculate the risk value.
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Social Vulnerability Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Social Vulnerability is measured using
the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Community Resilience Ratings: are a qualitative rating that describe the community in comparison to all other
communities at the same level, ranging from “Very Low” to “Very High.” Community Resilience is measured
using the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (HVRI BRIC) published by the University of South
Carolina's Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI).
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (2023)
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Manmade/Technological Hazards
Although FEMA does not require non-natural hazards for inclusion in a hazard mitigation plan,
Oakland County wishes to rank and mitigate against a comprehensive list of hazard events that
could impact the county. Due to the nature of non-natural hazards and the discretionary status
regarding their inclusion, the following hazards of interest have been briefly and qualitatively
assessed for public education and informing their inclusion within the hazard ranking and
mitigation process:
• Active Shooter/Active Assailant
• Cybersecurity
• Fire (Structural)
• Gas/Oil Shortages or Supply Disruptions
o Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Accidents
• HAZMAT Incidents
o Fixed Site
o Transportation/Rail
• Infrastructure Failure
o Bridges, Roads, Overpasses
o Communications
o Electrical Systems
o Invasive Species
o Sewer System
o Storm Water System
o Water System
• Nuclear Incidents
o Power Plant Accidents
• Sociopolitical Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social Unrest)
• Terrorism and Sabotage
• Transportation Accidents
o Air
o Highway
o Marine
o Rail
• Weapons of Mass Destruction
Other Hazards of Concern
• Public Health Emergencies
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4.16 Active Shooter/Active Assailant
Hazard Description
The agreed-upon definition of active shooter by US government agencies (including the White
House, US Department of Justice, FBI, US Department of Education, US Department of
Homeland Security, and Federal Emergency Management Agency) is “an individual actively
engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area.” In most cases,
active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims.
Active shooter situations are unpredictable and evolve quickly.
Hazard Location
An active shooter incident or mass shooting could occur anywhere in Oakland County.
However, incidents tend to occur in places of (former) employment or at schools/universities.
Mass Shootings can also occur in other crowded venues such as shopping centers and arenas.
However, mass shootings in residential neighborhoods typically center around individuals the
gunmen are familiar with.
In Oakland County, vulnerable soft targets include:
• K-12 Schools
• Courthouses and federal buildings
• Pine Knob Music Theatre
• Detention facilities
• Great Lakes Crossing Outlets
• Hazel Park Raceway
• Meadow Brook Hall & Theater
• Michigan State Fair
• Oakland Community College
• Oakland County Fair
• Oakland University
• Renaissance Festival
• Royal Oak Arts, Beats, & Eats
• Woodward Dream Cruise
• Somerset Collection Mall
• Private corporations and corporate headquarters
Probability and Frequency
The likelihood of mass shootings and active shooter incidents continues to increase.
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Past Events
On November 14, 1991, Thomas Mcilvane killed four supervisors and wounded five other
employees before killing himself at the Royal Oak Post Office after being fired for
insubordination.
On November 14, 1996, a mass shooting occurred at the Ford Motor Company factory in
Wixom. It did not result in four or more deaths or meet the technical definition of a mass
shooting; however, one person was killed, and several others were injured including Ford
employees, and two Oakland County Sheriff's deputies. This incident and September 11th are
documented as the incidents which influenced Oakland County to implement the Oakland
County Wireless Integrated (OakWin) System.
On June 11, 1999, in Southfield, Michigan, Joseph Brooks opened fire at his former
psychiatrist’s clinic, killing two people and injuring four others before committing suicide.
On June 11, 1999, in Southfield, Michigan, Joseph Brooks opened fire at his former
psychiatrist’s clinic, killing two people and injuring four others before committing suicide.
On February 20, 2016, an Uber Driver went on a several-hour rampage in Kalamazoo, selecting
his victims randomly. As a result, six people were killed and two more injured during the six
hours before his arrest - including five people who were shot in the parking lot of a Cracker
Barrel restaurant.
On November 30, 2021, a mass shooting occurred at Oxford High School in the Detroit exurb of
Oxford Township, Michigan, United States. A 15-year old male, armed with a 9 mm semi-
automatic handgun, murdered four students and injured seven people, including a teacher.
Authorities arrested and charged the 15-year old offender as an adult for 24 crimes, including
murder and terrorism.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Mass shootings can significantly impact public health and safety with
physical and emotional injuries, including death, trauma, and long-term psychological effects on
survivors, witnesses, and the wider community.
In addition to the immediate physical and emotional impacts, mass shootings can have broader
societal impacts, including increased fear and anxiety, decreased sense of safety and security,
and adverse effects on mental health and well-being.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Mass shootings can cause significant property
damage and disrupt critical infrastructure. Depending on the location and circumstances of the
shooting, property damage may include damage to buildings, vehicles, or other physical assets.
In some cases, shootings may cause fires or explosions, further exacerbating the damage.
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In addition to physical property damage, mass shootings can disrupt critical infrastructure, such
as transportation systems, utilities, and communication networks. For example, a shooting in or
near a transportation hub could cause delays or closures of train or bus lines, while a shooting
near a utility facility could disrupt power or water supplies.
Economy: Mass shootings can have significant economic impacts, both short and long-term. In
the short term, the cost of responding to and investigating a mass shooting can be substantial
and may strain local and state budgets. In addition, businesses and tourism in the affected area
may suffer, resulting in decreased economic activity and job losses. For example, a shooting in a
tourist destination may lead to cancellations of trips and events, which can have a ripple effect
on local businesses. In the long term, property values in the affected area may decline, making
it more difficult for homeowners and businesses to sell or lease their properties.
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4.17 Cybersecurity
Hazard Description
Cyber-attacks are “deliberate exploitation of computer systems, technology-dependent
enterprises, and networks.” Cyber-attacks use malicious code to alter computer operations or
data. The vulnerability of computer systems to attacks is a growing concern as people and
institutions become more dependent upon networked technologies. The Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI) reports that, “cyber intrusions are becoming more commonplace, more
dangerous, and more sophisticated,” with implications for private- and public-sector networks.
Malware, or malicious software, can cause numerous problems once on a computer or
network, from taking control of users’ machines to discreetly sending out confidential
information. Ransomware is a specific type of malware that blocks access to digital files and
demands a payment to release them. Hospitals, schools, state and local governments, law
enforcement agencies, businesses, and even individuals can be targeted by ransomware. A
2017 study found ransomware payments over a two-year period totaled more than $16 million.
Even if a victim is perfectly prepared with full offline data backups, recovery from a
sophisticated ransomware attack typically costs far more than the demanded ransom.
However, according to a 2016 study by Kaspersky Lab, roughly one in five ransomware victims
who pay their attackers are still not able to retrieve their data.
Cyber spying or espionage is the act of illicitly obtaining intellectual property, government
secrets, or other confidential digital information, and often is associated with attacks carried
out by professional agents working on behalf of a foreign government or corporation.
According to cybersecurity firm Symantec, in 2016 “…the world of cyber espionage experienced
a notable shift towards more overt activity, designed to destabilize and disrupt targeted
organizations and countries.” A major data breach is when hackers gain access to large
amounts of personal, sensitive, or confidential information and have become increasingly
common. A 2018 report from the security firm Symantec found that more than seven billion
identities have been exposed in data breaches over the last eight years. In addition to
networked systems, data breaches can occur due to the mishandling of external drives.
Cyber-crime can refer to any of the above incidents when motivated primarily by financial gain
or other criminal intent. The most severe type of attack is cyber terrorism, which aims to
disrupt or damage systems in order to cause fear, injury, and loss to advance a political agenda.
Cyberattacks can be divided into two main categories: attacks against data, and attacks against
physical infrastructure. Because our society is so dependent on technology, a large-scale
cyberattack could overwhelm government and/or private-sector resources quickly, as well as
threaten lives, property, the economy and national security.
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Phishing is a technique employed in many of the above attacks and involves sending fraudulent
emails purporting to be from known contacts or reputable companies to induce individuals to
reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers, or to click on links
that put the user at risk.
Hazard Location
Cyber disruptions are not central to one geographic area; they can occur anywhere across
Michigan where technological systems exist or are utilized. A breach can originate at one
computer and affect any other computer in the world. Targets include individual computers,
networks, organizations, business sectors, or governments.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent of a cybersecurity breach is dependent on various factors. These factors include the
system that is attacked, protective measures put in place, training of the people involved,
warning time, and the firewalls that exist to protect different levels of the system.
Probability and Frequency
Cyberattacks have increased nationwide in recent years, particularly targeting the energy
sector. Cyberattacks have also increased in the banking and finance sectors. Hackers have
attacked company computers by distracting employees and interfering with Internet Security
Providers (ISP) to divert resources, to steal proprietary information and PII. Small devices can
wreak havoc and disrupt systems. Some USBs have been manufactured with viruses or may
become infected and spread viruses to multiple computers. Firewalls, access via signatures,
and anti-virus are becoming antiquated security methods.
While specific data on the number of occurrences is not known, the probability of future
cyberattacks is high.
Other jurisdictions have been impacted by ransomware attacks in recent years. The City of
Atlanta was hit by a major ransomware attack in 2018, recovery from which wound up costing a
reported $2.6 million, significantly more than the $52,000 ransom demand. A similar attack
against the City of Baltimore in 2019 affected the city government’s email, voicemail, property
tax portal, water bill and parking ticket payment systems, and delayed more than 1,000
pending home sales. In March 2019, Orange County, North Carolina was attacked with a
ransomware virus, causing slowdowns and service problems at key public offices such as the
Register of Deeds, the sheriff’s office and county libraries. The attack impacted a variety of
county services, including disrupting the county’s capability to process real estate closings, issue
marriage licenses, process fees or permits, process housing vouchers, and verify tax bills.
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Past Events
Cyberattacks occur daily through fraudulent phone calls or emails, generally to the elderly or
other susceptible members of the public. A growing number of local public entities, such as
township and village governments as well as school districts, are facing malicious cyber-attacks.
The University of Michigan determined that hackers gained access to unauthorized third party
personal information relating to certain students and applicants, alumni and donors, employees
and contractors, University Health Service and School of Dentistry patients, and research study
participants between Aug. 23-27, 2023.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Cyberattacks can have a wide range of impacts, ranging from minimal to significant, depending
on if the County or its jurisdictions are the main target for the attack or if they are one of many
targets. Some of these attacks may be malicious and can result in catastrophic damage to the
nervous system of a community's cyber infrastructure. Back-up systems, redundancy,
heightened awareness, integrity restoration, and recovery will provide means to adequately
manage the consequence of an attack.
Direct Damage
Cyberattacks can inflict damage on physical systems by manipulating the technology supporting
the built environment.
Economic Damage
Cyberattacks can inflict huge amounts of economic damage in many different ways.
Cyberattacks targeting financial institutions (banks, stock markets, etc.) can directly impact the
overall economy while other attacks may target individual businesses. Large scale cyberattacks
can greatly affect the economy. Symantec reports that in the last three years, businesses have
lost $3 billion due to phishing email scams alone. In an electronic-based commerce society, any
disruption to daily activities can have disastrous impacts to the economy. It is difficult to
measure the true extent of the impact.
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4.18 Fire: Structural
Hazard Description
A structural fire is a fire of any origin which ignites one or more structures and causes loss of life
and/or property. According to the National Fire Protection Association, structural fires cause
more loss of life and property damage than all other types of natural disasters combined. Direct
property losses due to fire exceed $9 billion per year and much of that figure is the result of
structural fire.
Hazard Location
Structural fire could occur anywhere in Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The most common method firefighters and other emergency responders use is to estimate the
fire's size and intensity based on visual observations of the flames, smoke, and heat.
Firefighters may also use thermal imaging cameras and other equipment to assess the
temperature and thermal patterns of the fire. Lastly, firefighters may use gas detectors to
measure the concentration of gases produced by the fire, which can provide an indication of
the fire's intensity.
Probability and Frequency
In the last five years, there have been an average of 600 structural fires per year in Oakland
County. Therefore, the occurrence of structural fires within Oakland County has a well-
established history. This hazard will continue to occur in the future.
Past Events
Notable structural fires in the last five years are:
• February 26, 2019: There was a major fire at the US Farathane Auburn Hills facility.
There were no injuries or toxic chemical issues. The event occurred outside of the
production facility in a storage area where primarily empty plastic and steel returnable
containers were stored.
• February 17, 2022: A major fire swept through the century-old clubhouse at the
Oakland Hills Country Club. It housed irreplaceable memorabilia and art from multiple
major championships and the Ryder Cup that Oakland Hills has hosted over nearly a
century. No injuries were reported. The 110,000-square-foot clubhouse was among the
largest wood structures in Michigan. Approximately 17 fire departments were called in
to assist Bloomfield Township on the morning of Feb. 17.
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Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Impacts include smoke inhalation, which can cause respiratory problems
and even death due to inhaling smoke and toxic gases produced by the fire. Direct exposure to
flames, hot gases, and hot surfaces can cause severe burns and other injuries to firefighters and
occupants of a burning structure. Responding to and fighting fires can also be emotionally and
physically challenging, leading to trauma and stress among firefighters and other emergency
responders. Next, structural fires can weaken or collapse buildings and other structures, which
can lead to injury or death among firefighters and occupants. Structural fires can also release
toxic chemicals, such as asbestos and lead, into the environment, posing health risks to nearby
residents and the environment. Lastly, firefighting efforts can lead to significant water damage
to buildings and other structures, resulting in property damage and mold growth.
Figure 4-89. Structural Fires by Year in Oakland County
Source: FEMA Home Fire Fatalities & Social Vulnerability Explorer
Figure 4-90. At-Risk Populations to Structural Fires in Oakland County
Source: FEMA Home Fire Fatalities & Social Vulnerability Explorer
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Structural fires can cause extensive damage to
nearby buildings and roads and lead to water damage resulting in property damage and mold
growth. Structural fires can damage electrical systems, leading to power outages and other
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disruptions to daily life. They can also weaken or collapse buildings and other structures, posing
a risk of injury or death to firefighters and other occupants.
Economy: Historical incidents have shown the cost of extinguishing fires, property damages,
business interruption cost, and the cost of rebuilding or repairing damaged structures to be
significantly high.
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Figure 4-91. Structural Fire Vulnerability Map
Source: Oakland County, MI, USDA, SEMCOG
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4.19 Gas/Oil Shortages, Supply Disruptions, and
Related Accidents
Hazard Description
A gas/oil shortage is when demand for gas/oil exceeds the available supply. An oil or gas well
incident is an uncontrolled release of oil, natural gas, or hydrogen sulfide gas, a by-product of
production wells.
A petroleum or natural gas pipeline incident would involve an uncontrolled release of
petroleum, natural gas or hydrogen sulfide gas from a pipeline.
Hazard Location
A gas/oil shortage would impact all of Oakland County. Depending on the type of fuel, certain
areas may be more affected than others. Propane shortages would impact rural areas while
gasoline shortages would have a more significant impact on commuters and businesses.
Lands with oil and gas wells and surrounding areas are most at risk for impact from well
accidents. The location of wells is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the county.
Michigan is a major producer and consumer of petroleum and natural gas products; therefore,
transmission and distribution pipelines are commonly found throughout the State of Michigan.
There are over 110,000 miles of pipelines that deliver natural gas to individual homes and
businesses. Approximately 3% of the pipelines in Michigan transport hazardous liquids. This
includes almost 600 miles of pipeline for highly volatile liquids (HVLs) (ethane, propane,
ethylene, natural gas liquids), approximately 1,300 miles for refined petroleum products
(gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, condensate, etc.), and about over 1,500 miles of crude oil
pipeline. The majority of pipeline infrastructure in Michigan is located in the Detroit Metro area
in Wayne and Oakland Counties.
Oakland County has four pipeline terminals that could be impacted. In addition, natural gas
processing plants and compression facilities can also be at risk of an incident. Smaller natural
gas distribution lines can be found throughout the County with Consumers Energy, DTE Gas,
and SEMCO providing natural gas service to the majority of the County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent/intensity of a gas/oil shortage can be measured by several factors, including the
duration of the shortage, the geographic area affected, the amount of supply shortfall, and the
impact on critical infrastructure and/or economic activity. Other factors to be considered
include the cause of the disruption, the availability of alternative supply sources, and the
response of industry and government to the situation.
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The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) uses several metrics to
measure the extent and intensity of petroleum and natural gas pipeline accidents. One key
metric is the volume of product released during the accident, typically measured in barrels or
cubic feet. Another metric is the area of the spill or release, which can be measured in acres or
square feet. The duration of the accident, or the amount of time it takes to control the
situation, can also indicate the extent of the incident. Finally, the number of people or
properties impacted by the accident can also be used to measure the incident's severity.
Probability and Frequency
Since 1965, seven major gas/oil shortages have impacted Oakland County. Political conflict and
increased global demand can also impact future gas/oil shortages in the area.
According to the MDEQ, the most common problems associated with oil and gas wells in
Oakland County are small spills and odor complaints.
Since 1990, there have been 33 pipeline incidents in Oakland County. Two of the accidents
occurred to transmission lines, the remainder involved distribution lines which are more
commonly found in the County. It is anticipated that this hazard will be more likely to occur in
the future as the pipeline structures age.
Past Events
Gas/oil shortage:
In 2005, Hurricane Katrina disrupted oil refinery stations that affected Michigan's supply of fuel.
Cold temperatures in 1976, 1977, and 2000 led to a fall in propane inventories. The propane
industry found it difficult to maintain deliveries, causing propane prices to hit record highs.
During the 1970s, the Middle East Oil Embargo halted the flow of oil causing an energy crisis
followed by the eruption of the Iranian Civil War. This resulted in gas shortages and a significant
increase in the cost of gasoline.
Oil or gas well incident:
As of 2012, 19 active or producing wells were within Oakland County. The most recent oil/gas
well accident in Michigan was in 2019. Two men were burned in an explosion at a north-central
Michigan oil well near Norwich Township, about 130 miles north of Grand Rapids.
In 2013, an explosion at an oil well in Jackson County placed a man in extremely critical
condition, and he was airlifted to the University of Michigan hospital. Investigators believed a
truck had struck some piping in the oil well, causing an explosion and natural gas fire.
Pipeline incident:
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One of the most significant pipeline accidents in Oakland County occurred on May 20, 1992,
when contractors were excavating a sidewalk and caused a service line to rupture. The gas
ignited causing an explosion which killed 2 people and injured 17 others.
On November 20, 2017, a ruptured gas line caused an explosion and massive fire that left an
18-foot-deep crater in an area of Orion Township near the Great Lakes Crossing Outlets mall.
The fire — which occurred in an area north of Brown Road near Joslyn Road, near the border
with Auburn Hills — had flames 100- to 150-feet wide and up to 200-feet high. The flames could
be seen from downtown Detroit, more than 30 miles away.
Figure 4-92. Gas Line Explosion (November 20, 2017)
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Gas/oil shortages can lead to various indirect health and safety impacts,
such as increased transportation and storage of fuel, which can increase the risk of accidents
and spills. Additionally, gas/oil shortages or supply disruptions can lead to the use of
alternative, less-safe heating sources, such as portable space heaters or propane stoves, which
can increase the risk of fire and carbon monoxide poisoning.
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Impacts of a petroleum and natural gas pipeline accident can be significant, depending on the
nature of the accident and the materials involved. Impacts can include explosions, fires, and
toxic releases that can cause injuries or fatalities to individuals near the accident. Additionally,
pipeline accidents can result in significant environmental impacts, including soil and water
contamination and damage to wildlife and habitats.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: A gas/oil shortage or supply disruption can cause
significant infrastructure impacts, such as transportation disruptions. In this case, shipping
systems that rely on fuel such as trucking, rail, aviation, and shipping, control the movement of
goods and can have cascading effects on the economy. Another impact is energy supply
disruptions. For example, a gas/oil shortage can cause disruptions in the supply of energy to
power plants and other critical infrastructure, leading to blackouts, brownouts, and other
energy supply disruptions.
Petroleum and natural gas pipeline accident impacts can vary depending on the nature of the
incident, the location, and the response efforts. Property damage can include damage to
buildings, homes, vehicles, and other personal property. Critical infrastructure impacts can
include damage to roads, bridges, and other transportation systems and disruption of utility
services such as water, gas, and electricity. In addition, if the accident occurs in a densely
populated area or near a sensitive ecological or cultural resource, the impacts can be more
severe and long-lasting.
Figure 4-93. Significant Gas Distribution Incidents in Michigan – Fatalities by Year
Source: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
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Figure 4-94. Significant Gas Distribution Incidents in Michigan – Injuries by Year
Source: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
Economy: Gas/oil shortages or supply disruptions can have significant economic impacts that
affect various industries. These impacts include increased fuel prices, which can raise the cost
of transportation, heating, and other energy-intensive activities. This can result in higher prices
for goods and services, leading to reduced economic growth, decreased productivity, and
increased unemployment. Industries such as transportation and manufacturing may experience
reduced output, decreased profitability, and potential job losses. Lastly, gas and oil shortages
can disrupt supply chains, causing delays in the delivery of goods and services, resulting in lost
sales, reduced profits, and potential job losses.
There is no data demonstrating the impact of petroleum and natural gas pipeline accidents on
Oakland County. Furthermore, accidents of this nature are uncommon in Michigan and have
not resulted in significant property damage or other loss.
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4.20 HAZMAT: Fixed Site
Hazard Description
Hazardous Material (Hazmat) Incident – Fixed Site is defined as an uncontrolled release of a
hazardous material originating from a building, structure, or fixed equipment capable of posing
a risk to life, health, safety, property, or the environment.
Hazard Location
The majority of hazmat material released in Oakland County are released into water, followed
by land/soil and air. Environmental contamination from this hazard can extend to off-site
locations, however, fixed-site hazmat incidents have rarely required an evacuation in the
county.
See HAZMAT Fixed-Facility Vulnerability Map (FOUO) in Appendix E.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent/intensity of a fixed-site HAZMAT release is based on the quantity and type of
hazardous materials released, the duration of the release, the environmental conditions at the
release site, and the potential for human and environmental exposure to the released
hazardous materials. Other factors that may be considered include the location and
accessibility of the release site, the potential for migration of hazardous materials to nearby
water bodies, and the potential for secondary releases.
Probability and Frequency
Oakland County has over 500 active hazardous substance facilities. As the county continues to
develop and attract new business and industry, it is anticipated that the probability of
occurrence of this hazard will increase.
Table 4-88. Fixed-Site HAZMAT Incidents in Oakland County
Year Fixed or Non Transportation-related HAZMAT
Incident
2018 12
2019 12
2020 17
2021 14
2022 12
Source: National Response Center (https://nrc.uscg.mil/)
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Past Events
Although most hazmat incidents occur at industrial facilities, this is not always true. For
example, on May 29, 2004, a tank containing ethylene glycol for a refrigeration system ruptured
at a fish market in Birmingham. Approximately 180 gallons of the material were released, with a
portion entering the storm drain system. The spill required the evacuation of the building, and
several people were exposed to the spilled material, six people required hospitalization.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: One of the most significant risks to health and safety is exposure, which can
cause health effects from minor irritations to severe injuries or illnesses. Evacuations or shelter-
in-place orders may be necessary to protect the public from exposure to hazardous materials.
Additionally, hazardous materials can pose fire or explosion hazards, either alone or in
combination with other substances, posing risks of injury or death to responders and nearby
individuals. Lastly, hazardous materials released into the environment can contaminate soil, air,
and water, which can have long-term effects on human health and the environment.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: A fixed-site HAZMAT release can physically
damage property, such as structures and vehicles, in the vicinity of the release. Hazardous
materials released into the environment can also contaminate buildings and facilities,
necessitating decontamination or even demolition in some cases. Lastly, a HAZMAT release can
cause damage to critical infrastructure such as bridges, roads, and utility systems, disrupting
essential services like water and power, which can impact the ability of residents and
businesses to carry out daily activities.
Economy: The economic impact of this hazard can vary, especially when including the cost of
environmental remediation. According to the U.S. EPA Hazmat Response Team, the costs for
responding to a hazmat incident can range from $1,000 to $100,000. In addition, some property
damage from this type of event can be expected, especially if the release results in a fire or
explosion. Another impact in the form of lost business revenue can result if the incident causes
a business to close.
Although major fixed-site hazmat incidents are not common in Oakland County, there is a
potential for such an incident. A significant incident would likely involve response efforts from
multiple agencies and departments. The additional impact could result from environmental
remediation and restoring public confidence in the environmental health of the County.
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4.21 HAZMAT: Transportation/Rail
Hazard Description
An uncontrolled release of a hazardous material during transport capable of posing a risk to life,
health, safety, property, or the environment.
Hazard Location
There are 134 miles of freight railroads and approximately 62 miles of interstate and major
state highways in Oakland County. Although large-scale, off-site impacts are not common with
hazmat transportation incidents, they are certainly possible within Oakland County. Off-site
effects can include evacuation, closure of roadways and environmental contamination.
Figure 4-86 illustrates HAZMAT transportation vulnerability in Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Extent/intensity can be measured by the volume of material released, the distance the material
travels from the source, and the duration of the release. Other factors that can affect the
extent/intensity of a transportation/rail incident include the material's properties, weather
conditions, and topography of the area. Finally, the size of the affected area and the number of
people exposed are also important measures of the extent of the release.
Probability and Frequency
Since 1978, Oakland County has had four significant hazardous material transportation
incidents. Three of these incidents involved train derailments, and one involved a cargo van
transporting radioactive materials. There have been 111 reported incidents involving mobile
transport and 43 railroad incidents in Oakland County since 1992. The State of Michigan
averages a reportable incident every 9.1 days. As the county continues to develop and attract
new businesses and industry, it is anticipated that the probability of occurrence for this hazard
will increase.
Past Events
One of the most significant responses required for a HAZMAT incident in Oakland County
occurred on November 15, 2001. The incident involved the head-on collision of two trains near
Clarkston. As a result of the crash, two of the rail crew members were killed, and two more
were injured. In addition, a car carrying 4,000 gallons of fuel oil was derailed. The derailment
required the response of local fire departments and hazmat teams, the Michigan Department
of Environmental Quality, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. A one-mile radius around the incident site was evacuated,
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impacting approximately 719 people. After an investigation by the HAZMAT team, it was
determined that there was no release from the rail car.
Over the past 5 years, the following incidents have been reported to the National Response
Center in Oakland County.
Table 4-89. Transportation-related HAZMAT Incidents in Oakland County
Year Number of Transportation-related HAZMAT Incidents
2018 3
2019 4
2020 3
2021 12
2022 11
Source: National Response Center (https://nrc.uscg.mil/)
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Transportation/rail HAZMAT releases can significantly impact public health
and safety. People near a release may be exposed to hazardous materials through inhalation,
ingestion, or skin contact, resulting in various health effects, from minor irritations to severe
injuries or illnesses. In some cases, evacuation or shelter-in-place orders may be necessary to
protect the public from exposure to hazardous materials, which can disrupt daily life and have
economic impacts on affected individuals and communities. Lastly, some hazardous materials
can pose fire or explosion hazards, either alone or in combination with other substances, which
can pose a risk of injury or death to responders and nearby individuals.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: A transportation/rail HAZMAT release can cause
property damage and critical infrastructure impacts in various ways, including physical damage
to structures, vehicles, and other property in the release area. This can include damage to the
transportation infrastructure itself. For example, hazardous materials released into the
environment can contaminate buildings and facilities, necessitating decontamination or even
demolition in some cases. The release can also cause damage to critical infrastructure such as
bridges, roads, and utility systems, which can hinder emergency responders' ability to access
the area and provide assistance.
Economy: The economic impact of this hazard can be highly variable, especially when including
the costs of environmental remediation. According to the U.S. EPA HAZMAT Response Team,
the costs of responding to a hazmat incident can range from $1,000 to $100,000. Damage to
transportation equipment is expected with this event, however, these costs are the
transporter's responsibility. Costs to the public can include response efforts, commuter delays,
and damage to transportation infrastructure.
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Figure 4-95. HAZMAT Transportation Vulnerability Map
Source: Oakland County, MI, USDA, SEMCOG
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4.22 Infrastructure Failure: Bridges, Roads, and
Overpasses
Hazard Description
An incident in which a bridge/road/overpass becomes structurally unsound, deteriorates, or
collapses, damaging property and/or placing human life at risk. Infrastructure failure can be
caused by aging, natural disasters, lack of maintenance, design flaws, or human error.
Hazard Location
The following figures show the road pavement conditions and road bridge (includes culverts)
conditions in Oakland County. There are 5,249 lane miles, 1,937 centerline miles, and 503
bridges included in this analysis.
Figure 4-96. Road Pavement Conditions in Oakland County
Source: SEMCOG
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Figure 4-97. Bridge Conditions in Oakland County
Source: SEMCOG
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent of infrastructure failure can be measured using various methods, including physical
inspections, non-destructive testing, and structural health monitoring systems. Physical
inspections involve visual inspections of the infrastructure by trained professionals to identify
signs of damage or deterioration. Non-destructive testing methods include ultrasonic testing,
magnetic particle inspection, or radiography to detect infrastructure cracks or defects without
damaging them. Finally, structural health monitoring systems involve using sensors to
continuously monitor the structural behavior of the infrastructure and detect changes or
anomalies that could indicate a potential failure.
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Probability and Frequency
Although there has only been one bridge collapse, it is possible for other bridge/overpass
failures in the future. According to 2021/2022 data from SEMCOG, Oakland County has 7,186
miles of public roads and 503 bridges.
Source: SEMCOG
Past Events
There have been 85 significant bridge failures in the United States since 1940. In 2009, a tanker
explosion in Hazel Park caused a bridge to collapse onto I-75.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Infrastructure failures can result in accidents, injury, and death, impacting
public health and safety. For example, a bridge collapse or a road failure can result in vehicle
accidents, injuries, and death. In addition, infrastructure failure can disrupt transportation and
emergency response services, making it difficult for people to access critical resources and
services in a timely manner.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: First, one impact is damage to vehicles and
property, which can result in repair/replacement costs. The disruption of transportation is
another impact of infrastructure failure that can cause delays, and inconvenience for travelers,
and impact commerce and economic activity. In addition, infrastructure failure can create
challenges for emergency responders, who may face difficulty accessing affected areas or
transporting patients to hospitals. Lastly, infrastructure failures can affect critical infrastructure
such as utilities, telecommunications, and transportation systems, which can have cascading
effects on public health, safety, and economic activity.
Economy: Economic impact is dependent on the size and type of failure. Significant failures can
cost hundreds of millions of dollars to clean up and repair. Property damage to passing vehicles
and nearby buildings may also result from failure. Re-routing of traffic can cause traffic
congestion and reduce revenue for area businesses.
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4.23 Infrastructure Failure: Communications
Hazard Description
The inability of the communications system to perform its intended function due to a disruption
in service, degradation of service beyond a specified level, or other conditions that the provider
determines to warrant action. This can include issues such as dropped calls, slow data speeds,
or complete outages of service.
Hazard Location
A failure of private telephone communications is limited to the service area network. However,
a loss of the emergency communications system can impact the entire County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The FCC measures the extent of communications system failure based on the number of users,
geographic area, duration of the outage, and the type of service affected. The agency also
considers the impact on public safety, health, and welfare, as well as the ability of the service
provider to restore service. Additionally, the FCC considers the nature and cause of the failure
and the measures taken to prevent future outages. The agency may also gather information
from affected consumers and service providers to better understand the impact of the outage
and to develop strategies to improve communication systems in the future.
Probability and Frequency
Communications failures are most frequently a result of severe weather events or other
interferences that affect phone lines, such as animals or automobiles striking utility poles. Very
rarely does a communications failure result from a communication system problem.
Communications failures, both public and private systems, are possible with any major storm
event, such as ice storms, lightning, or high winds, which occur an average of 30-40 times
annually. Power outages can also interrupt the operation of the 9-1-1 PSAP. As Oakland County
continues to grow and the demand for communications services increases, it is anticipated that
this hazard will occur more frequently and have more significant consequences.
Past Events
Oakland County operates internal communications systems such as a 9-1-1 Public Safety,
Answering Point (PSAP), and an emergency public radio system. Local cities, townships, and
villages operate 29 PSAPs within the county. Telephone service for Oakland County residents is
available from numerous service providers. In April 2003, a significant ice storm affected
Oakland County. The ice downed phone lines cutting service to numerous customers
throughout the County. In addition, since 1987, construction projects within the County have
caused at least two service interruptions in the 9-1-1 system.
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Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: The failure of a communications system can have several public health and
safety impacts, as identified by the FCC. These include delayed emergency response, limited
access to emergency services, and the inability to receive critical information such as severe
weather alerts or evacuation orders. A communications failure can also increase public anxiety
and confusion during emergencies, leading to further disruptions and potential safety risks.
Finally, the system can also impact the ability of healthcare providers to communicate with
patients and provide medical services, which can have serious health consequences.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Communications system failure impacts include
damage to property, such as fires or explosions caused by electrical or gas outages, as well as
disruptions to transportation systems like traffic lights, GPS systems, and other infrastructure,
which can lead to accidents and congestion. Communications system failure can also impact
utilities, including power grids and water systems, resulting in outages and other issues.
Economy: First, one impact is a loss of revenue for businesses that depend on
telecommunications systems to operate. Additionally, a communications failure can result in
increased costs for both companies and individuals, such as the cost of repairs and
replacements. Productivity can also be negatively impacted by a communications failure, as it
can lead to delays and increased travel times. Lastly, a communications failure can also impact
the stock market, especially for companies that heavily rely on telecommunications systems.
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4.24 Infrastructure Failure: Electrical Systems
Hazard Description
A loss of one or more electrical system, component, or circuit, that leads to the interruption (or
loss) of electrical supply; or complete failure of the electrical system to function properly.
Hazard Location
Electrical system failure could occur anywhere within Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent of electrical system failure can range from localized outages that affect a single
home or building to widespread blackouts that impact entire regions. The severity of an
electrical system failure depends on a variety of factors, including the cause of the failure, the
size and complexity of the electrical system, and the duration of the outage.
Probability and Frequency
Electrical service for the majority of Oakland County is provided by DTE Energy, with the
exception of a small area in the northwest portion of the County which is serviced by
Consumers Energy. It is estimated that a significant power failure occurs in Oakland County
once per year. Electrical failures, like the August 2003 blackout, although rare, can occur due to
problems within the electrical system and from secondary causes such as weather and
human/animal interference. Ice storms have an established history of causing electrical service
interruptions. Electrical outages are often related to severe weather events, which occur 30-40
times per year within Oakland County.
Electrical service problem areas exist within the County. Problem areas are those areas that
experience a power outage more than twice each year. When a problem area is identified, the
cause is determined and remedied as quickly as possible. As a result, the identified problem
areas are always changing.
As the County continues to grow and demand for electrical service increases, it is possible that
this hazard will occur more frequently and with greater consequence.
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Past Events
The largest, and arguably most infamous, electrical system failure in the United States occurred
on August 14, 2003. This system failure started at 4:10 p.m. in southern Ohio and within
seconds, 50 million people in North America were left without electricity. The blackout affected
millions of customers in southeast Michigan, including Oakland County. In many ways, this
event was a worst-case scenario electrical failure.
About one million Michigan residents lost power on March 8, 2017. Gov. Rick Snyder, in a press
briefing with officials from the state’s two biggest utilities, called the windstorm “the largest
combined statewide” power outage event in Michigan history. At one point, approximately
one-third of Michigan residents were affected by the power outage. More than 800,000 DTE
customers were affected by the storm and more than 4,000 wires were downed by falling trees.
320,000 Consumers Energy customers lost power because of the storm. The outages were
caused by near-hurricane force winds, which pounded the area for more than 12 hours. A
warmer than normal winter created softer ground, making it easier for trees to uproot and
knock down more power lines.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Several public health and safety impacts can result from electrical system
failure. One impact is the increased risk of fire hazards. Electrical system failures can lead to
electrical fires that can threaten life, property, and the environment. Additionally, electrical
system failures can create hazardous conditions that can result in electrocution, electric shock,
and other injuries. Finally, electrical system failures can disrupt critical services such as
hospitals, emergency response services, and water and wastewater treatment facilities. This
can lead to serious public health and safety consequences, especially during emergencies.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: There are several different vulnerabilities and
impacts, including damaged equipment such as appliances, electronics, and machinery,
resulting in costly repairs or replacements. Another impact is structural damage, where
electrical system failures can cause structural damage to buildings, bridges, and other
infrastructure, posing safety risks and requiring significant repair costs. Electrical system failures
can also disrupt transportation systems, including traffic lights, train signals, and airport
systems, leading to accidents and congestion. Lastly, they can impact utilities such as power
grids, water systems, and gas pipelines, resulting in outages and other issues.
Economy: Electricity is a vital component to operating businesses and county services.
Information regarding the economic impact of electrical outages is not available. It is
anticipated that an outage can be extremely costly, depending on the number of affected
customers and duration of the event.
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4.25 Infrastructure Failure: Invasive Species
Hazard Description
An invasive species is a species that is not native to the ecosystem and whose introduction
causes, or is likely to cause, harm to the economy, environment, and/or human health.
Hazard Location
Invasive species could impact anywhere in Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent and intensity of invasive species can be measured in various ways depending on the
specific species and the context in which they are being studied. Some commonly used
methods include distribution mapping, population habitat occupancy, genetic analysis, or
satellite imaging. Distribution mapping involves mapping the geographic distribution of an
invasive species to gain insight into its extent. Population density quantifies the density of
invasive species using various methods, such as counting individuals in a given area or using
mark-recapture methods to estimate population size. Habitat occupancy can be used to
measure the percentage of occupied habitats by sampling methods such as transects or
quadrats to determine the percentage of a habitat occupied by invasive species. Finally, genetic
analysis involves DNA sequencing or genotyping to determine the source of the species and its
potential for adaptation and spread. At the same time, satellite imagery can be used to monitor
spread and distribution over large areas.
Probability and Frequency
At least 200 high-impact invasive species occur in the United States. In addition, a new invasive
species is established every 2 to 5 years. Therefore, the probability of new invasive species
becoming established in Oakland County is relatively high.
Past Events
Some of the most notable invasive species include emerald ash borer, Asian carp, gypsy moth,
zebra mussels, Phragmites, and Japanese beetles. Each of these species has significantly
impacted the environment and resulted in decreased revenue and profits.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: The National Invasive Species Information Center (NISIC) states that some
invasive species can have public health and safety impacts, including (National Invasive Species
Information Center, 2023):
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• Emerald ash borer: This invasive beetle can cause ash trees to become brittle and
unstable, posing a hazard to public safety when trees fall or lose branches. Additionally,
removing and disposing of infested trees can be expensive and time-consuming.
• Asian carp: These invasive fish can jump out of the water and collide with boaters and
other recreational water users, potentially causing injury or damage. In addition, Asian
carp can outcompete native fish species, reducing the overall biodiversity of aquatic
ecosystems and negatively impacting fishing opportunities.
• Gypsy moth: The hairs of gypsy moth caterpillars can cause allergic reactions in some
people. In addition, large populations of gypsy moths can defoliate trees, increasing the
risk of wildfires and decreasing property values.
• Zebra mussels: These invasive mussels can attach to boats, docks, and other structures
in freshwater ecosystems, leading to reduced water flow and increased maintenance
costs. In addition, zebra mussels can filter out plankton, which can impact the food web
and potentially reduce fish populations.
• Phragmites: Dense stands of this invasive reed can increase the risk of wildfires and
impede access to bodies of water for recreation and emergency response.
• Japanese beetles: These invasive beetles can feed on various plants, including crops and
ornamental plants. This can lead to economic impacts on farmers and the horticulture
industry.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: According to the NISIC, invasive species can
impact property damage and critical infrastructure as follows (NISIC, 2023):
• Emerald ash borer: The weakening and death of ash trees due to emerald ash borer
infestations can result in falling limbs and trees, which can cause property damage and
create hazards for people and structures.
• Asian carp: Large populations of Asian carp can damage boats and motors by colliding
with them. These collisions can damage property and create hazards for boaters and
other watercraft.
• Gypsy moth: Gypsy moth caterpillars can defoliate trees, impacting property values and
increasing the risk of wildfires.
• Zebra mussels: Zebra mussels can attach themselves to water intake structures for
power plants, water treatment facilities, and other infrastructure, which can reduce
their efficiency and increase maintenance costs.
• Phragmites: Dense stands of Phragmites can impede access to bodies of water, creating
hazards for emergency response personnel and impacting recreational activities.
Phragmites can also increase the risk of wildfires, threatening nearby property.
• Japanese beetles: Japanese beetles can feed on various plants, including crops,
ornamental plants, and trees. This can result in economic losses for farmers and damage
to landscaped areas and property values in residential areas.
Economy: The economic impact of invasive species can be relatively high. It is estimated that
the cost of invasive species is over 120 billion annually in the U.S. Invasive species can kill
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desirable plant and animal species, cause disease, reduce crop production, kill fish, decrease
biodiversity, change hydrology, reduce aesthetic value, and hurt tourism. Therefore, removing
or controlling invasive species is costly and can be ineffective in certain species.
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4.26 Infrastructure Failure: Sanitary Sewer Overflow
(SSO)
Hazard Description
A Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) is when untreated sewage is discharged from a sanitary sewer
system before reaching the treatment facility. For example, SSOs can occur when pipes become
blocked or excess water enters the system due to heavy rainfall or other factors. SSOs can also
occur when the treatment facility's capacity is exceeded, which can happen during extreme
weather events or when the facility is undergoing maintenance or repairs. The release of
untreated sewage from an SSO can pose a risk to public health and the environment, cause
property damage and impact critical infrastructure.
Hazard Location
OCWRC operates or maintains sanitary sewer systems in most Oakland County communities.
Rural areas of the County have no municipal sewer service available. The sanitary sewer
systems in Beverly Hills and Franklin Village communities have been identified as areas with the
most frequent maintenance needs. The oldest parts of the system are in the Pontiac area, with
the average construction date in the 1920s. The number of sewer users impacted by each
failure depends upon the event's severity. Lakes or rivers could also be affected due to sewer
overflow discharges, making them temporarily unsafe for recreational activity.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The measurement of SSOs can depend on the specific nature of the disruption and the goals of
the assessment. However, a visual inspection of the sewer system and the surrounding area can
help identify the extent of the disruption. Flow monitoring can also help track wastewater flow
and identify any anomalies or changes that may indicate a disruption. Flow monitoring can also
help identify congested areas of the system. Finally, water quality testing and complaint
tracking are also measures of extent.
Probability and Frequency
A major SSO event occurs within the county approximately once every 20 to 25 years. More
minor problems are more frequent. During significant storm events, a loss of power can occur
at certain pump stations. This can create the potential for an overflow discharge to local rivers
or lakes. Problems are expected to become more frequent as the system structures age.
Past Events
In September 2010, a sanitary sewer pipe failed, resulting in a giant sinkhole on a high-traffic
road. The sinkhole also affected nearby utilities such as gas and water. In addition, the sewer
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and sinkhole repairs caused road closures for an extended period. The road closures
significantly disrupted residents, businesses, and the general public for many months.
On August 11, 2014, a historic rainfall event unfolded over Southeast Michigan, leading to
significant flooding and road closures. This event was caused by a strengthening low-pressure
system moving over the area, focusing on the tropical moisture from the south. The hardest hit
areas included Metro Detroit and surrounding communities. Southern Oakland, Wayne, and
Macomb counties saw the worst flooding as four to six inches of rain fell over four hours.
Around 75,000 homes and businesses suffered damage, with over 3000 suffering significant
damage. There was also damage to the roads and bridges, along with the city sewer pumps,
which were overwhelmed by the torrential rainfall. The total estimated dollar loss from the
Detroit Metro area was $1.8 billion. In addition, Oakland County suffered an estimated $400
million in property damage.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the public and
safety impacts of a sewer system disruption can include exposure to raw sewage,
contamination of drinking water, and the spread of waterborne diseases, such as cholera,
typhoid, and hepatitis A. Additional impacts can include property damage and environmental
effects, including reduced biodiversity and degraded habitat quality (US EPA, 2023).
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: According to the EPA, sewer system disruptions
can significantly impact property damage and critical infrastructure. When a sewer system
becomes overloaded or damaged, untreated wastewater can overflow and spill into streets,
homes, and businesses. This can cause significant damage to property, including structural
damage to buildings, damage to personal property, and harm to critical infrastructure such as
roads, bridges, and underground utilities (US EPA, 2023).
In addition to the immediate damage caused by a sewer system disruption, there can also be
long-term impacts on property and infrastructure. For example, untreated wastewater can seep
into the ground and cause soil and groundwater contamination, which can lead to ongoing
environmental damage and costly remediation efforts. Sewer system disruptions can also cause
damage to critical infrastructure, such as water treatment plants and pumping stations, which
can disrupt the entire water supply system and have far-reaching impacts on public health and
safety (US EPA, 2023).
Economy: Information regarding the economic impact of sanitary sewer system failures is
unavailable. The sanitary sewer system is a vital part of the operations system for many
businesses. It is anticipated that a failure could be extremely costly, depending upon the
number of affected customers and the event duration.
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4.27 Infrastructure Failure: Stormwater System
Hazard Description
Any malfunction or disruption in a stormwater management system that leads to flooding,
property damage, or environmental harm. This can include clogged or blocked stormwater
drains, inadequate drainage infrastructure, and failure of detention or retention systems.
Stormwater system failures can be caused by various factors, including heavy rainfall, improper
maintenance/design, and/or aging infrastructure.
Hazard Location
The area impacted by flooding depends upon the stormwater system's drainage area. Drains
are found throughout Oakland County, and the Water Resources Commissioner's Office
(OCWRC) maintains the system. Areas with combined stormwater systems (sanitary and
stormwater flow) are more frequently found in the southern portions of the county. These
areas can be at increased risk for sewer backups and basement flooding. Storm water systems
for the remaining parts of Oakland County are operated and/or maintained by the Road
Commission of Oakland County, the Michigan Department of Transportation, and/or local
municipalities.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent and intensity of a stormwater system failure can be measured in several ways,
including field observations, stream monitoring, GIS mapping, aerial imagery, and public
reports.
Probability and Frequency
Oakland County has two primary types of stormwater systems: open drains and enclosed
underground systems. The primary problems with open drains are log jams, plugged drains,
siltation, and bank erosion. The major dilemma with the County's open and enclosed
stormwater systems is that the County's drainage needs exceed system capacity when rainfall
amounts exceed the design capacity. The open stormwater system was initially designed to
manage stormwater for a specific design event. However, when the design event is exceeded,
flooding often occurs.
Capacity limitations of the stormwater system are evident during periods of high rain or
snowmelt. Therefore, stormwater system flooding can be expected with any significant rain or
snowmelt event. This hazard is anticipated to become more frequent and more severe as future
rainfall amounts increase as projected.
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Past Events
In September 2000, extensive rains in southeast Michigan flooded municipal storm sewers
causing sewer backups in thousands of Oakland County homes and businesses. The primary
cause of the sewer backups was a temporary loss of power at pumping stations and insufficient
storm sewer system capacity due to the high rains, which exceeded the design capacity. The
flooding caused extensive damage to affected homes and businesses and created a public
health hazard due to potential exposure to untreated sewage. On October 27, 2000, Oakland
County was granted a Presidential Disaster Declaration to assist affected businesses and
individuals.
A historic rainfall event over Southeast Michigan on August 11, 2014, led to significant flooding
and road closures. This event was caused by a strengthening low-pressure system moving over
the area, focusing on the tropical moisture from the south. The hardest hit areas included
Metro Detroit and surrounding communities. Southern Oakland, Wayne, and Macomb counties
saw the worst flooding as four to six inches of rain fell over four hours. Around 75,000 homes
and businesses suffered damage, with over 3,000 suffering significant damage. There was also
damage to the roads and bridges, along with the city sewer pumps overwhelmed by the
torrential rainfall. The total estimated dollar loss from the Detroit Metro area was $1.8 billion.
In addition, Oakland County suffered an estimated 400 million in property damage.
In September 2016, Heavy rain fell across the Detroit Metro Area during the morning hours
(two to five inches). As a result, widespread urban flooding was reported, with many roads and
interstates closed. In addition, many basements were also flooded. The flooding resulted in
approximately $2 million in damages in the Detroit Metro Area, with $500,000 coming
specifically from damages in Oakland County.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: The stormwater system is of great importance to protecting human health
and safety. Flooding, which results during system failures or capacity exceedances, can create
safety problems and sewer backups in both combined stormwater systems (sanitary and
stormwater flow) and separated stormwater systems, presenting a health concern.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Stormwater system failures can significantly
impact property damage and critical infrastructure. The excess water from a system failure can
cause flooding, which leads to property damage (buildings, roads, and other infrastructure).
Additionally, flooding can lead to soil and water contamination, posing risks to public health
and the environment. Stormwater system failures can also lead to stream banks and shoreline
erosion, which can cause sedimentation and loss of habitat for aquatic species. In urban areas,
stormwater system failures can increase runoff, contributing to combined sewer overflows and
other water pollution. In extreme cases, system failures can even pose risks to public safety,
such as when flooding causes roads to become impassable or when combined sewer overflows
cause raw sewage to overflow into streets and waterways (US EPA, 2023).
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Economy: As demonstrated by the September 2000 system failure, flooding can result in
significant property damage costs. Stormwater system upgrades can also be very costly to
implement. Funding is available for maintaining many Oakland County drains; however,
maintenance funding is limited to approximately 200 County drains established under the 1956
Drain Code. Each year claims are filed with OCWRC for property damage due to flooding caused
by system backups and capacity exceedances.
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4.28 Infrastructure Failure: Water System
Hazard Description
A water system failure refers to any situation that renders a public water system (PWS)
incapable of providing safe drinking water to its customers. Examples of water system failures
include chemical contamination, microbial contamination, a loss of pressure or flow in the
distribution system, or any other situation that poses a risk to public health and safety.
Hazard Location
The Oakland County Water Resources Commissioner's Office (OCWRC) operates and maintains
the water system for many of the communities of Oakland County. The OCWRC's water system
has been designed to minimize the number of people impacted by service interruption.
The WRC operates and maintains the water systems for the following communities:
• Beverly Hills (emergency & as needed)
• Bingham Farms
• Bloomfield Hills
• Commerce Township
• Farmington Hills
• Highland Township
• Keego Harbor
• Oakland Township
• Orchard Lake Village
• Oxford Township
• Pleasant Ridge
• Pontiac
• Royal Oak Township
• Sylvan Lake
• Walled Lake
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent/intensity of a water system failure can be measured by the number of customers
affected, the duration of the outage, and the cause of the failure. Water system disruptions can
be attributed to causes such as construction/excavation activities, underground freezing, power
outages, and system blockages.
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Probability and Frequency
The vast majority of water line breaks do not create a water crisis situation. It is estimated that
this hazard will be somewhat more likely to occur in the future as the water system structures
age and countywide development continues.
Past Events
On June 7, 1999, a water main break in the City of Auburn Hills resulted in a week-long loss of
water service to over 44,000 households in Auburn Hills, Orion Township, Lake Orion, and
Rochester Hills. The break was caused when a drilling company accidentally struck a water
main. The water emergency forced the temporary closures of hundreds of schools and
businesses, including major industries within the affected area. In addition, local officials
estimated that the water emergency resulted in economic losses in the tens of millions of
dollars.
On October 23, 2017, a 48-inch water main broke in Farmington Hills, causing at least 50,000
people to lose water service and impacting over 300,000 people ultimately. Affected county
areas were placed on a water boil until the break could be fixed and water pressure restored.
The water boil lasted for up to nine days in the hardest-hit areas.
In August of 2022, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer declared a state of emergency for Lapeer, Macomb,
Oakland, and St. Clair counties following a major water main break. A precautionary boil water
notice was issued for 13 communities.
Other notable water main breaks have occurred impacting communities in Oakland County:
• March 2018
• November 2021
• August 2022
• October 2022
• June 2023
• August 2023
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: When a public water system is unable to provide safe drinking water, it can
result in the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever.
Additionally, a water system failure can release harmful contaminants into the environment,
contaminating groundwater and surface water sources and causing harm to aquatic life and
other organisms. In extreme cases, a water system failure can also lead to losing access to
water for sanitation and firefighting, increasing the risk of disease outbreaks and property
damage.
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Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: A water system failure can significantly impact
property damage and critical infrastructure. Water mains that break can flood streets and
homes, potentially causing structural damage. In addition, the water supply to critical
infrastructure such as hospitals, fire stations, and other emergency services may be
compromised, leading to service disruptions and potentially life-threatening situations.
Additionally, suppose water supply systems are not adequately maintained or repaired
promptly. In that case, they may suffer from additional failures or damage, resulting in further
property damage and increased costs for repairs and replacement.
Economy: Information regarding the economic impact of water system failures is unavailable. It
is anticipated that an interruption in service can be extremely costly, depending upon the
number of affected customers and the duration of the event.
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4.29 Nuclear Incident: Power Plant Accident
Hazard Description
A nuclear power plant accident would involve an actual or potential release of radioactive
material at a nuclear facility in a quantity sufficient to threaten off-site populations' health and
safety.
Hazard Location
Approximately 460 square miles in the southern portion of Oakland County are within the
Secondary Emergency Planning Zone of the Enrico Fermi-2 plant. However, the actual area
impacted by a release would depend significantly on the type and amount of radioactive
material released, weather conditions, and the location relative to wind direction following the
release.
See Nuclear Power Plant Map (FOUO) in the Appendix E.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Hazards related to a nuclear event are:
• Bright FLASH can cause temporary blindness for less than a minute.
• BLAST WAVE can cause death, injury, and damage to structures several miles from the
blast.
• RADIATION can damage cells of the body. Significant exposures can cause radiation
sickness.
• FIRE AND HEAT can cause death, burn injuries, and damage to structures several miles
out.
• ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) can damage electrical power equipment and
electronics several miles from the detonation and cause temporary disruptions.
• FALLOUT is radioactive, visible dirt and debris raining down from several miles up that
can cause sickness to those outside.
Probability and Frequency
The probability of a nuclear event in Oakland County depends on various factors, including the
presence of the Fermi 2 Power Plant, safety and security measures, and the overall risk of
natural disasters or other events that could trigger a nuclear incident. While the risk of a
nuclear event cannot be eliminated, measures can be taken to mitigate the risk and ensure the
safety and well-being of individuals and communities.
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Past Events
There has never been an off-site release of radioactive material from a nuclear power plant in
Michigan. However, an onsite release did occur on October 5, 1966, at the Enrico Fermi-1
Atomic Power Plant in Monroe County, Michigan. The release resulted from a fuel meltdown;
however, the radioactive material was contained within the reactor containment building. The
Fermi-1 plant was shut down in 1972. In 1998, the Enrico Fermi-2 plant was opened next to the
site of Fermi-1.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Power plant accidents can result in exposure to harmful radioactive
material, causing acute and chronic health effects, including radiation sickness, cancer, and
genetic damage. Releasing radioactive materials can also contaminate the environment, making
it unsafe for human habitation and wildlife. Additionally, the psychological impact of a nuclear
incident on affected individuals and communities can be severe and long-lasting.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: The release of radioactive materials can
contaminate nearby buildings, roads, and farmland, rendering them unusable for extended
periods. In addition, power plant accidents can lead to power outages and disruptions to
transportation networks and communication systems, making it difficult for emergency
responders to access the affected areas.
Economy: There is no data demonstrating the impact of nuclear power plant accidents on
Oakland County. However, estimated costs associated with the loss of property and/or
infrastructure can be substantial, and recovery efforts may take years. In addition, the long-
term economic impacts of a power plant accident can also be severe, as industries and
businesses in the affected region may suffer long-term financial losses.
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4.30 Sociopolitical Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social
Unrest)
Hazard Description
A public gathering or inmate uprising that disrupts essential functions and results in unlawful
behavior such as rioting or arson. This event involves a large number of people and requires a
significant response effort by law enforcement and/or emergency responders.
Hazard Location
Public gathering places such as festivals, sporting and entertainment venues, colleges and
universities, detention facilities, and government facilities are the most likely places for a civil
disturbance. Oakland County features numerous public gathering places, including major
entertainment venues, festivals, national events, major athletic facilities, places of political
protest, and governmental facilities. The most vulnerable locations/events include the
following.
• Courthouses and federal buildings
• Detention facilities
• Pine Knob Music Theatre
• Great Lakes Crossing Outlets
• Hazel Park Raceway
• Meadow Brook Hall & Theater
• Michigan State Fair
• Oakland Community College
• Oakland County Fair
• Oakland University
• Renaissance Festival
• Royal Oak Arts, Beats, & Eats
• Woodward Dream Cruise
Probability and Frequency
A sociopolitical hazard occurs in Michigan approximately once every ten years. Sociopolitical
hazards are most common in areas of political gathering, sporting events, universities and
colleges, and prisons. The most likely causes for an event in the County would result from a
sociopolitical event, labor dispute, a sporting event, or a demonstration at a college,
government, or military facility.
Although there is little history of civil disturbances within Oakland County, the potential for this
hazard to occur is somewhat elevated due to the number of sports/entertainment venues,
educational facilities, detention facilities, and government facilities within the County.
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Past Events
In Michigan, significant civil disturbances are not common and typically are a result of the
following causes:
• Labor disputes
• Controversial court judgments or government actions
• Resource shortages
• Demonstrations by special interest groups
• Unfair death or injury
• Celebrating a victory by a sports team.
Although not in Oakland County, the five-day 1967 Detroit Riot (from July 23rd to 27th) left 43
people dead and 1,189 injured. Over 7,200 people were arrested, and property damage
reached hundreds of millions. Racial tensions sparked the cause of the Detroit Riot.
An anti-war demonstration at Memorial Park in Royal Oak, Michigan, occurred on May 6, 1970.
Upon leaving the park, the protesters (many of whom were young) got into a confrontation
with local police. As a result, five protesters were arrested, three were injured, and one
policeman was injured.
The Memorial Park Riot occurred in Royal Oak, Michigan, between August 24th and 27th, 1970.
Police shut down the park due to drug sales, drug use, and illegal parties. When the police went
to shut down the park, 800 youths confronted the police officers and sparked a four-hour riot.
Windows were broken, and barricades were built on Woodward Avenue. One hundred
protesters were arrested on the second night of the riots, and a curfew was imposed. Due to
the curfew, at least 1,000 young rioters moved north into Birmingham on the third night (some
estimates have up to 2,000 rioters involved). Over 560 people were arrested on the third night,
and a curfew was imposed in both Royal Oak and Birmingham. No violence occurred on the
fourth night, although 90 people were arrested for breaking the curfew.
In 2008, approximately 100 people started rioting with police at what is now McLaren Hospital
in Pontiac following a police investigation into the shooting of a local man. The Pontiac Police
called for assistance from Michigan State Police and the Oakland County Sheriff's Office to bring
the crowd under control. Neighboring areas, such as the City of Detroit, have a history of
significant civil disturbances, primarily due to civil rights demonstrations and labor disputes.
In recent years, there have been many protests across the country that have escalated to
rioting, looting, and other acts of violence. These riots are the result of civil unrest related to
racial inequalities as well as political ideologies. In June of 2020, for example, more than 300
peaceful protesters marched through Oakland County’s government complex. Other protests
related to COVID-19 also occurred in 2021.
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Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: There were no reports of death or severe injury from the 2008 Pontiac riot.
In Michigan statewide, there have been over 75 deaths and over 1,700 injuries from significant
civil disturbances from 1943 through 2022.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Property damage can occur as a result of riots,
looting, and arson, which can result in the destruction of buildings, vehicles, and other
property. Critical infrastructure, such as power grids, telecommunications systems, and
transportation networks, can also be disrupted during civil disturbances, seriously affecting
public safety and the economy.
Economy: No data exists demonstrating the economic impact of previous civil disturbances in
Oakland County. However, historical civil disturbances have been shown to impact the
economy in several ways, including financial losses from property damage and lost sales for
businesses forced to close during the disruption. In addition, civil disturbances can result in
decreased property values, particularly in areas seen as unsafe or prone to unrest.
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4.31 Terrorism and Sabotage
Hazard Description
Intentional, unlawful use of force, violence, or subversion against persons or property to
intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in
furtherance of political, social, or religious objectives.
The most recognized forms of terrorism include assassination, bombings, and extortion. These
acts are often identified with particular groups or organizations. The Middle East and portions
of Europe, South America, and Asia have significantly been impacted for many years by acts of
terrorism and sabotage. In more recent years, the United States has been the victim of acts of
terrorism.
The sabotage of computer systems, also known as hacking, is increasingly concerning.
Organized hacking groups, such as "Anonymous," target specific organizations, corporations,
and governmental agencies to bring down websites for a stated purpose. Other groups hack
into and retrieve sensitive and confidential information to make a profit or expose it on the
internet. Individual hackers may steal identities or personal credit card information. Other
forms of sabotage to computer systems include the introduction of viruses, malware, or
spyware that can cripple a computer network or steal private information.
Hazard Location
Terrorism can take many forms, and the aim of terrorist attacks can vary from destroying
property to harming people to disrupting the quality of life. Depending on the type of terrorist
attack, property damage can be extensive. Unfortunately, any information on this matter is law
enforcement and homeland security sensitive and, therefore, unavailable to the general public.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Incident data, including the number of incidents, casualties, and property damage, is collected
and analyzed to identify trends and geographical hotspots of terrorist or sabotage activities. In
addition, threat assessments consider factors such as group capabilities, intentions, and past
actions to gauge potential risks and allocate resources effectively. Next, risk analysis evaluates
vulnerabilities and possible consequences of attacks on critical infrastructure, transportation
systems, and public spaces to develop appropriate response strategies. Intelligence gathering,
including human intelligence, signals intelligence, and open-source intelligence, enables
monitoring and tracking of terrorist or sabotage groups. And finally, comparative analysis on a
global scale can assess the relative intensity of terrorism and sabotage by comparing data and
statistics with other countries or regions.
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Probability and Frequency
It is difficult to establish the frequency of terrorist activity in Oakland County based on historical
events. However, acts of terrorism in Michigan have included bombings, shootings, and arson.
Despite the unpredictable nature of this hazard, it is likely to occur in the future.
Domestic terrorism is also on the rise. Several attacks have been widely reported in the last few
years. For example, in May 2022, a racially motivated individual shot and killed 10 people in
Buffalo, New York. A 2018 attack on a Pittsburgh synagogue left 11 people dead. All but eight
states across the U.S. experienced at least one incident of domestic terrorism between 2010
and 2021. And over the last 10 years, domestic terrorism-related investigations have grown by
357%.
Figure 4-98. Domestic Terrorism Incidents by State, 2010 through 2021
Past Events
Unfortunately, Oakland County has experienced acts of terrorism. For example, on August 30,
1971, members of the Ku Klux Klan gained access to the school bus depot in Pontiac and used
dynamite to bomb the buses. The crime was committed in response to court actions requiring a
busing plan to integrate local schools.
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El Debek was arrested in Livonia, Michigan, outside of Detroit, for providing, attempting, and
conspiring to provide material support to Hizballah; receiving and conspiring to receive military-
type training from Hizballah; use of weapons in connection with a crime of violence that is
alleged to have involved, among other weapons, explosives, a rocket-propelled grenade
launcher, and machine guns; and violating and conspiring to violate IEEPA.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Acts of terrorism and sabotage can have severe consequences regarding
loss of life and injuries, leading to physical harm, trauma, and long-term health effects for
victims and their families. Such acts' psychological and emotional impact can be profound,
generating fear, uncertainty, and anxiety within individuals and communities, potentially
resulting in increased stress, PTSD, anxiety disorders, and other mental health issues.
Additionally, attacks targeting critical infrastructure, including transportation systems, energy,
and healthcare facilities, can disrupt essential services and compromise public safety.
Disruptions in these areas can impede travel, commerce, and access to medical care during
emergencies. Lastly, acts of terrorism and sabotage are designed to instill fear and panic and
disrupt societal order, potentially leading to public alarm, social unrest, and a breakdown of
trust within communities. These consequences can hinder effective emergency responses and
compromise community resilience, further impacting public health and safety.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Acts of terrorism and sabotage can result in
extensive property damage, with explosions, arson, and other destructive methods destroying
buildings, infrastructure, and physical assets. Additionally, terrorists and saboteurs often target
critical infrastructure, encompassing systems, and facilities vital for societal functioning, such as
power plants, transportation networks, communication systems, water treatment plants, and
healthcare facilities. Damage to or disruption of critical infrastructure has wide-ranging
consequences, affecting public safety, essential services, and economic stability. The social
disorder occurs as critical infrastructure becomes a target, resulting in a breakdown of normal
functioning. For example, transportation system disruptions hinder the movement of people
and goods, affecting daily routines, commerce, and emergency response capabilities. Damage
to healthcare facilities hampers access to medical care during emergencies, posing public health
and safety risks. Such disruptions can have cascading effects on the overall functioning of
society.
Economy: It is difficult to determine the economic impact of terrorist acts. Given that terrorism
can take many forms and have widely different consequences, there is the potential for
terrorist acts to cause significant economic damage.
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4.32 Transportation Accident: Air
Hazard Description
An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft occurs between the time any person
boards the plane with the intention of flight until all such persons have disembarked and in
which any person suffers death or serious injury or in which the aircraft receives substantial
damage.
Hazard Location
Because most aircraft accidents occur during landing or takeoff, the area most at risk for impact
at an airport (or heliport) includes all runways and immediately adjacent areas. All three public
airports (Oakland County International, Oakland Troy, and Oakland Southwest Airport) are
owned by Oakland County. The three private airports within the county are Ed Schultes Place
Airport, Willie Run Airport in Ortonville, and Handleman Sky Ranch Airport in Oxford. Three of
the 20 heliports are owned by hospitals (William Beaumont, Huron Valley Sinai, and Providence
Hospitals), and private citizens own nine. The seaplane base is located in Pontiac.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent and intensity of an air transportation accident is measured through various
methods. Firstly, immediate notification and reporting of civil aircraft accidents are completed
to document information about the incident. Reporting aids in assessing the extent of the
accident and allows for compiling comprehensive accident data. Additionally, thorough
investigations are conducted to analyze various sources of evidence, such as flight data, cockpit
voice recordings, maintenance records, and eyewitness accounts. These investigations aim to
determine the causes and contributing factors of the accident, providing insights into its extent
and severity. Furthermore, the extent of damage to the aircraft involved, including structural
and engine wear, is examined to provide further insights into the accident's intensity and
potential impact on aircraft operations.
Probability and Frequency
Since 2010, nine reportable air transportation incidents have occurred in Oakland County. The
aircraft involved in these incidents were all small aircraft with a limited number of passengers.
There have been no air incidents involving large, commercial passenger aircraft in Oakland
County. The probability of air transportation accidents is anticipated to fluctuate with air traffic
volume.
Past Events
Notable and recent past events include:
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• An airplane accident in Oakland County occurred on March 2, 1973, in Pontiac, when a
small, private aircraft stalled in flight and crashed, killing all four people on board. The
National Transportation Safety Board determined the crash's probable cause was a pilot
error.
• The deadliest single-survivor air transportation accident in U.S. aviation history occurred
nearby in Romulus, Michigan (Wayne County). Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashed
after takeoff on August 16, 1987, killing six crew members and 149 passengers, except
for a 4-year-old girl who sustained severe injuries. The crash killed two others on the
ground.
• In 2006, a flight instructor and his student were killed in a single-engine plane belonging
to a flight school. The incident occurred at the Oakland County International Airport.
• In September 2009, a plane was forced to make an emergency landing in a store parking
lot resulting in minor injuries to the pilot.
• In June of 2013, four people were killed when a small plane crashed at Oakland County
International Airport in Waterford Township. The plane was taking off from runway 9
Left (heading east) and reached an estimated altitude of 100 feet. The plane crashed on
the airport grounds beyond the end of the runway and burst into flames.
• In January 2021, three individuals died after small plane crashed into an Oakland County
house in New Hudson in a neighborhood just west of Pontiac Trail and Grand River
Avenue, in the Orchards of Lyon subdivision. The house is on Dakota Drive. The
neighborhood is just a short distance from the Oakland/Southwest Airport along Pontiac
Trail. The three who died were the plane’s pilot and two passengers.
• In August of 2019, a seaplane crashed into three pontoon boats in Oakland County. This
occurred near the Orchard Lake Nature Sanctuary, which is at Pontiac Trial and Old
Orchard Trail. The seaplane was trying to land on the lake when it hit three pontoon
boats and then struck the sand bar. There were several people in the water and on the
pontoon boats who were injured.
• In September of 2019, two people sustained minor injuries after their small plane
crashed in an Independence Township yard.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Air transportation accidents can have significant public health and life safety
impacts, including loss of life, injuries and trauma, public safety concerns, and community
impact. Fatalities resulting from air transportation accidents can include passengers, crew
members, and individuals on the ground near the accident. The loss of life can profoundly
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affect the families and loved ones of the victims and the broader community affected by the
accident. Survivors of air transportation accidents may suffer various injuries, ranging from
minor to severe, which can have long-lasting physical and psychological effects, requiring
medical treatment, rehabilitation, and support services. Air transportation accidents pose
public safety concerns due to the potential for collateral damage or injuries to people on the
ground.
Depending on the circumstances and location of the accident, nearby communities may be
exposed to risks such as fires, fuel spills, or debris hazards. Emergency responders and
authorities work to mitigate these risks and ensure the public's safety in the aftermath of an
accident. In addition, the emotional toll, economic consequences, and recovery efforts
following an accident can affect the overall well-being and resilience of the community, leading
to a profound impact on the communities in which they occur.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Air transportation accidents can significantly
impact property damage and critical infrastructure, including extensive property damage and
destruction of buildings, structures, vehicles, and other physical assets. The force of impact,
fires, and other consequential events can substantially damage the accident site and
surrounding areas. Air transportation accidents can also disrupt critical infrastructure, including
airports, air traffic control systems, communication networks, power generation and
distribution facilities, and transportation infrastructure. Damage or destruction of these
elements can have far-reaching consequences, affecting public safety, transportation systems,
communication networks, power supply, and other vital services. Finally, air transportation
accidents can disrupt ground transportation systems. Crashes near airports or significant
roadways can lead to road closures, traffic congestion, and delays in ground transportation.
Such disruptions can cascade effects on commerce, supply chains, and the movement of people
and goods, impacting local and regional economies.
Economy: Economic impact would result from damage to the aircraft and any structures or
improvements on the ground at the accident site. Damages to aircraft would typically be the
responsibility of the private owner. Because Oakland County owns the airports, any damages to
the airport infrastructure may be the county's responsibility. The additional economic impact to
the county may result if an accident causes disruption of services at the airport. Reportable
airplane crashes result in substantial damage to the aircraft, including prop, nose, wings,
fuselage, landing gear, tail, and engine.
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4.33 Transportation Accident: Highway
Hazard Description
An event involving a motor vehicle operating on a public road or highway that results in
property damage, injuries, or fatalities. It encompasses collisions between automobiles, single-
vehicle accidents, crashes involving pedestrians or cyclists, and any other mishaps on public
roadways.
Hazard Location
As in all counties in Michigan, all roads in Oakland County fall into one of three categories of
road jurisdiction: 1. State highways (MDOT) 2. County roads (RCOC) 3. City or village streets.
According to 2021/2022 data from SEMCOG, Oakland County has 7,186 miles of public roads.
Figure 4-99. Road Jurisdiction Map for the Southwest Quadrant of the County
Source: Road Commission for Oakland County
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Figure 4-100. Road Jurisdiction Map for the Southeast Quadrant of the County
Source: Road Commission for Oakland County
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Figure 4-101. Road Jurisdiction Map for the Northwest Quadrant of the County
Source: Road Commission for Oakland County
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Figure 4-102. Road Jurisdiction Map for the Northeast Quadrant of the County
Source: Road Commission for Oakland County
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Various methods measure the extent and intensity of a highway transportation accident. These
methods include reporting and documentation, accident data analysis, fatality and injury
statistics, crash reconstruction, and traffic flow analysis. Reporting and documentation require
parties involved in accidents and witnesses to report detailed information about the incident.
This data is compiled to gain a comprehensive understanding of the accident. Accident data
analysis involves analyzing vehicle types, road conditions, and driver behavior to identify
patterns and contributing factors. Fatality and injury statistics provide insights into the human
impact of accidents. Crash reconstruction is conducted in more severe cases, utilizing physical
evidence and vehicle damage analysis to recreate the sequence of events and understand the
accident's intensity. Finally, traffic flow analysis evaluates traffic volume and congestion to
prioritize safety improvements in areas with high accident rates.
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Probability and Frequency
Automobile accidents occur several times daily in Oakland County.
In 2018, there were 28,147 vehicular accidents in Oakland County, according to the SEMCOG
Traffic Crash Report. 49 of those accidents resulted in a fatality.
In 2019, there were 28,185 vehicular accidents in Oakland County, according to the SEMCOG
Traffic Crash Report. 60 of those accidents resulted in a fatality.
In 2020, there were 18,251 vehicular accidents in Oakland County, according to the SEMCOG
Traffic Crash Report. 48 of those accidents resulted in a fatality.
In 2021, there were 22,669 vehicular accidents in Oakland County, according to the SEMCOG
Traffic Crash Report. 61 of those accidents resulted in a fatality.
From 2012 to 2021, there were 12,516 accidents involving commercial trucks in Oakland
County, according to the SEMCOG Traffic Crash Report. 41 of those accidents resulted in a
fatality.
From 2012 to 2021, there were 748 accidents involving a school bus according to the SEMCOG
Traffic Crash Report. Two of those accidents resulted in a fatality
Based on the 2017 - 2021 annual average crash statistics from the Southeast Michigan Council
of Governments, the following road segments have the highest frequency of crashes in Oakland
County:
Table 4-90. Road Segments with the Highest Frequency of Crashes in Oakland County
COUNTY
RANK
NAME FROM ROAD TO
ROAD
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 TOTAL YEARLY AVG
1 Rochester Rd S Auburn Rd E - Hamlin
Rd E
117 104 123 58 86 488 97.6
2 Dequindre Rd 11 Mile Rd - 12 Mile
Rd
91 99 98 52 98 438 87.6
3 Highland Rd Teggerdine Rd -
Pontiac Lake Rd
113 85 99 49 87 433 86.6
4 Huron St W Telegraph Rd N -
Franklin Blvd
74 117 89 70 82 432 86.4
5 Telegraph Rd 12 Mile Rd W - 13
Mile Rd W
89 107 90 58 73 417 83.4
6 Southfield Rd 13 Mile Rd W - 12
Mile Rd W
102 90 89 45 82 408 81.6
7 Highland Rd Airport Rd - Crescent
Lake Rd
108 74 86 59 74 401 80.2
8 Rochester Rd S Hamlin Rd E - Avon Rd
E
90 95 94 52 62 393 78.6
9 Southfield Rd 12 Mile Rd W - 11
Mile Rd W
104 90 68 53 66 381 76.2
10 Orchard Lake
Rd
12 Mile Rd W - 13
Mile Rd W
95 71 87 49 73 375 75
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11 12 Mile Rd W N I 75/E 12 Mile Ramp
- John R Rd
59 64 66 94 81 364 72.8
12 Rochester Rd Square Lake Rd E -
South Blvd E
91 92 83 31 53 350 70
13 Highland Rd Pontiac Lake Rd - Cass
Lake Rd N
74 80 82 53 58 347 69.4
14 Dequindre Rd 12 Mile Rd - 13 Mile
Rd E
67 81 85 48 57 338 67.6
15 Telegraph Rd S Fairfax - Square Lake
Rd W
68 57 75 62 66 328 65.6
16 Union Lake Rd Richardson Rd -
Commerce Rd
87 52 77 45 62 323 64.6
17 Ortonville Rd Seymour Lake Rd -
South St
77 66 67 48 52 310 62
18 Southfield Rd 10 Mile Rd W - Mount
Vernon St
70 63 70 38 66 307 61.4
19 Orchard Lake
Rd
Northwestern Hwy -
Maple Rd W
79 62 74 44 47 306 61.2
20 12 Mile Rd E John R Rd - Dequindre
Rd
52 78 68 38 62 298 59.6
Source: SEMCOG
Based on the 2017 - 2021 annual average crash statistics from the Southeast Michigan Council
of Governments, the following intersections have the highest frequency of crashes in Oakland
County:
Table 4-91. Intersections with the Highest Frequency of Crashes in Oakland County
COUNTY RANK NAME 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 TOTAL YEARLY AVG
1 Southfield Rd @
11 Mile Rd W
75 50 51 49 53 278 55.6
2 12 Mile Rd W @
Orchard Lake Rd
79 56 61 26 50 272 54.4
3 Huron St W @
Telegraph Rd N
54 51 46 47 47 245 49
4 Southfield Rd @
10 Mile Rd W
54 56 62 20 52 244 48.8
5 Martin Pkwy @ N
M 5
68 46 53 31 44 242 48.4
6 14 Mile Rd W @
Orchard Lake Rd
52 50 62 31 45 240 48
7 Martin Pkwy @
Pontiac Trl N
39 51 62 44 36 232 46.4
8 Highland Rd @
Crescent Lake Rd
71 43 35 36 40 225 45
9 12 Mile Rd @
Dequindre Rd
48 53 43 37 41 222 44.4
10 Grand River Ave
@ Wixom Rd S
60 48 39 31 42 220 44
11 12 Mile Rd E @
John R Rd
27 54 54 43 41 219 43.8
12 14 Mile Rd @
Dequindre Rd
34 52 66 26 37 215 43
13 Highland Rd @
Airport Rd
47 52 42 25 45 211 42.2
13 12 Mile Rd W @
Telegraph Rd
48 59 45 26 33 211 42.2
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13 S I 75/Dixie Ramp
@ Dixie Hwy
49 39 53 30 40 211 42.2
16 13 Mile Rd E @
John R Rd
37 54 42 33 42 208 41.6
17 Huron St W @
Woodward Ave W
47 30 52 39 37 205 41
18 Elizabeth Lake Rd
@ Highland Rd
38 50 46 28 38 200 40
19 Maple Rd W @
Orchard Lake Rd
43 42 49 33 30 197 39.4
20 12 Mile Rd W @
Dartmouth
28 40 33 51 41 193 38.6
Source: SEMCOG
Past Events
Vehicle accidents are common in all communities and can happen along any roadway. Most
accidents are due to driver error and/or inclement weather conditions. Accidents involving
modes of mass public transportation are of particular concern due to the high number of
passengers which could be impacted.
An accident in Wixom on September 14, 2000, involved a collision between a Northville High
School bus and an automobile. The school bus was carrying 48 students and several coaches.
The accident killed the car's driver and injured one car passenger and ten bus passengers.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Highway transportation accidents can have significant public health and life
safety impacts, including the loss of life among drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or occupants of
other vehicles involved in the accident. Such loss affects the individuals and their families,
causing immense emotional distress. Survivors of these accidents may suffer various injuries,
requiring medical treatment, rehabilitation, and support services. In addition, the resulting
trauma can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health challenges.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Highway transportation accidents can result in
substantial property damage to vehicles, structures, and personal belongings, causing financial
hardships for individuals and businesses. Critical infrastructure, including bridges, tunnels, and
roadways, can also be damaged, requiring costly repairs and maintenance and disrupting
transportation systems. Highway accidents often necessitate emergency response services,
straining local resources and disrupting normal operations. Traffic congestion and disruptions
create delays, economic losses, and safety hazards. Accidents involving utility poles or electrical
infrastructure can lead to power outages, affecting homes, businesses, and essential services.
Environmental impacts such as spills of hazardous materials or damage to natural resources
require immediate cleanup and remediation efforts to protect public health and the
environment.
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Economy: Highway transportation accidents have far-reaching economic consequences. These
include significant factors such as medical expenses, property damage, lost productivity, legal
and administrative costs, emergency response and healthcare services, traffic congestion and
delays, and increased insurance premiums.
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4.34 Transportation Accident: Marine
Hazard Description
An occurrence that involves a vessel operating on or near water and results in one or more of
the following:
1. Loss of life.
2. Serious injury.
3. Substantial property damage.
4. A significant environmental impact.
5. The vessel is missing or abandoned.
Hazard Location
Oakland County has more inland lakes, more registered boats and handles more watercraft
accidents than any other county in the state. Marine-related accidents can occur on any of the
County’s waterways. The County has nearly 70-square miles of water, covering over 450
navigable lakes, five major rivers, 3,000 miles of shoreline, and 83,000 registered boats.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Several factors are typically considered when assessing the extent or intensity of a marine
transportation accident. These factors include the loss of life, an essential measure of the
accident's severity. In addition, the number of fatalities resulting from the incident provides
valuable insight. Additionally, the extent and severity of injuries sustained by individuals
involved in the accident contribute to understanding its impact. Finally, evaluating the scale of
property damage, such as damage to vessels or infrastructure, also helps gauge the accident's
severity.
Furthermore, the environmental impact plays a crucial role. For example, the resulting
environmental consequences are considered if the accident leads to significant pollution, such
as oil spills or releases of hazardous materials. Lastly, the economic implications are examined,
encompassing the costs associated with recovery, cleanup efforts, and any related financial
losses. Taking all these factors into account allows for a more comprehensive assessment of the
severity and impact of a marine transportation accident.
Probability and Frequency
No significant accidents involving public marine transportation have been recorded in Oakland
County, Michigan.
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Past Events
No significant accidents involving public marine transportation have been recorded in Oakland
County, Michigan. Notable recent past events include:
• In August of 2023, a Novi man died after he was struck by a pontoon boat while
swimming in the Lower Straits Lake.
• In June of 2023, a 55-year-old Lake Orion man died after falling out of a boat and
apparently drowning on Lake Orion.
• A man died after crashing an ice sailboat on Pontiac Lake in February of 2023.
• In August of 2019, a seaplane crashed into three pontoon boats in Oakland County. This
occurred near the Orchard Lake Nature Sanctuary, which is at Pontiac Trial and Old
Orchard Trail. The seaplane was trying to land on the lake when it hit three pontoon
boats and then struck the sand bar. There were several people in the water and on the
pontoon boats who were injured.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Marine transportation accidents can have various public health and safety
impacts, including loss of life and injuries with long-term consequences. Search and rescue
operations carry risks for the personnel involved. Environmental pollution from accidents, such
as oil spills, affects marine ecosystems, wildlife, and communities dependent on marine
resources. Disruptions to transportation and commerce impact local economies and supply
chains. Infrastructure damage, like collisions with bridges or ports, can compromise public
safety and require costly repairs.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Marine transportation accidents can cause
property damage and critical infrastructure impacts, such as vessel loss or destruction, damage
to the shoreline and port infrastructure, collisions with bridges or waterway structures,
environmental contamination from spills or hazardous material releases, interference with
maritime operations, and economic consequences including repair costs, business
interruptions, and supply chain disruptions. These impacts can have financial implications for
vessel owners, require costly repairs to infrastructure, disrupt transportation and commerce,
harm ecosystems, and affect local economies and businesses reliant on maritime
transportation.
Economy: Marine transportation accidents can have various economic consequences, including
property damage costs that require significant repairs or replacements. Business interruptions
can disrupt operations for vessel owners and maritime businesses, leading to revenue losses
and productivity declines. Supply chain disruptions can impact multiple industries due to delays
in the movement of goods and cargo. Insurance costs may rise for vessel owners following an
accident, straining their financial resources. Legal proceedings and liability claims can result in
substantial expenses. Environmental cleanup efforts incur significant costs, particularly in oil
spills or hazardous material releases. Additionally, accidents in tourist destinations or
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recreational areas can negatively affect tourism and related industries, causing reduced visitors
and reputational damage to local communities.
Capabilities: The Sheriff’s Office Marine Unit – the largest in the state – has more than 45 part-
time Marine Deputies who can quickly respond to emergencies on any of the lakes in the
county. The unit includes the 17-member Sheriff’s Search and Rescue Team, comprised of full-
time deputies who are highly trained in search and rescue and public safety diving. They can
dive in virtually any weather or water condition.
The unit has 23 patrol boats, two rapid response jump boats, one hovercraft, seven all-terrain
vehicles and four specialty boats for search and rescue emergencies.
The Sheriff’s Office also contracts with 12 communities to patrol 19 lakes: Cass Lake, Cedar
Island Lake, Deer Lake, Lake Orion, Lower Straits Lake, Lake Sherwood, Lakeville Lake, Maceday
Lake, North Commerce Lake, Orchard Lake, Pine Lake, South Commerce Lake, Sylvan Lake,
Upper Long Lake, Voorheis Lake, Walled Lake, Walnut Lake, White Lake, and Williams Lake.
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4.35 Transportation Accident: Rail
Hazard Description
An occurrence associated with the operation of on-track rail equipment which results in either
a fatal or a nonfatal injury, significant property damage, or both and involves at least one of the
following:
• Derailment of rolling stock
• Collision of rolling stock
• Failure of equipment or track
• An event such as a fire or explosion, regardless of its cause, involving rolling stock or
track
Hazard Location
Oakland County has 109 miles of freight rail lines and 62 miles of passenger rail lines. In
addition, Amtrak provides passenger rail service with service between Pontiac and Detroit.
Areas adjacent to a railroad are most at risk for impact from this hazard due to the potential for
derailment. The majority of accidents occur at public railroad crossings. A secondary effect may
result if railroad crossings are blocked, resulting in traffic delays. If the train is transporting
hazardous materials, an evacuation zone may need to be implemented. If an accident or
derailment leads to the release of dangerous materials, the area may need to be evacuated for
an extended period while environmental cleanup is performed.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent/intensity of a rail transportation accident is measured by human casualties,
property damage, environmental impact, disruption to operations, and economic
consequences. The number of fatalities and injuries provides insights into the severity, while
property damage encompasses locomotives, railcars, tracks, bridges, and more. Environmental
impact includes pollution from hazardous material spills and disruption to rail operations
considering track closures and delays. Lastly, the economic impact accounts for costs associated
with damage, cleanup, legal proceedings, insurance claims, and overall financial effects on the
rail industry and affected communities.
Probability and Frequency
From 2012 through 2021, there were 14 train-related accidents/incidents in Oakland County. It
is anticipated that the likelihood of this hazard will fluctuate with the rate of rail traffic within
the County.
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Table 4-92. Train-related Accidents/Incidents in Oakland County
Road Name Jurisdiction Date Day of the
Week Severity Type Weather
Conditions
Lighting
Conditions
Griswold Rd County May 3,
2017 Wed B-level Single
veh. Clear Daylight
Rattalee Lake
Rd E County Feb 14,
2020 Fri A-level Single
veh. Cloudy Daylight
9 Mile Rd E City Apr 17,
2021 Sat PDO Other Cloudy Lights
Saginaw St S State Jun 11,
2021 Fri C-level Rear-end Clear Daylight
Hilton City Jul 10,
2021 Sat PDO Single
veh. Clear Daylight
University Dr W City Nov 1,
2012 Thu PDO Other Cloudy Daylight
Beck Rd City Feb 10,
2013 Sun PDO Single
veh. Clear Daylight
Saginaw St S State Apr 29,
2013 Mon PDO Other Rain Lights
South Blvd E City Jan 1,
2014 Wed C-level Other Snow Dark
Walton Blvd E City Jan 27,
2014 Mon PDO Rear-end Snow Lights
West Rd City Apr 26,
2014 Sat B-level Other Clear Daylight
14 Mile Rd E County May 7,
2015 Thu PDO Rear-end Clear Daylight
Airport Rd County Nov 22,
2015 Sun C-level Single
veh. Snow Dark
Wardlow Rd E County Dec 22,
2016 Thu PDO Other Cloudy Dark
Source: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute - Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (MTCF)
Past Events
Passenger rail accidents are typically associated with derailments or collisions with motor
vehicles attempting to cross railroad tracks. On January 13, 2004, in Bloomfield Hills, a school
bus driver ignored the warning signals at a railroad crossing and tried to cross the tracks. An
approaching passenger train struck the school bus at a speed of 22 miles per hour, causing
injury to the bus driver.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Rail transportation accidents can have health and safety impacts, including
injuries and fatalities for passengers, crew members, and people in surrounding communities
due to collisions, derailments, crossings, or hazardous materials releases. These accidents can
also cause extensive damage to trains, infrastructure, and nearby properties, leading to
economic losses. In some cases, accidents involving hazardous materials can have adverse
environmental consequences, polluting water bodies, contaminating soil, and causing air
pollution. Rail accidents can disrupt transportation services, causing delays, rerouting, and
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temporary suspensions, which can inconvenience businesses, commuters, and the general
public. These accidents present emergency response challenges, particularly in incidents
involving hazardous materials or mass casualties, requiring specialized training, resources, and
coordination. Additionally, rail accidents can have psychological impacts on those involved,
witnesses, and affected communities, necessitating support services and community resilience
efforts.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Rail transportation accidents can have property
damage and critical infrastructure impacts, including damage to trains, railcars, infrastructure,
and nearby structures. This includes derailments, collisions, fires, or hazardous materials
incidents, requiring repairs and replacements and causing economic losses. These accidents
disrupt track functioning, damage signals, and hinder the safe movement of trains, requiring
infrastructure repairs. Bridges and tunnels can also suffer damage or structural instability,
necessitating inspections and repairs—grade crossing accidents damage equipment and
signage, affecting traffic and convenience. Utility infrastructure like power lines and pipelines
can be impacted, requiring repairs. Accidents involving hazardous materials can lead to
environmental contamination, necessitating cleanup. Business interruptions occur due to
delays, rerouting, or suspensions of rail operations, affecting businesses reliant on rail freight.
Economy: There is no data documenting the economic impact of rail transportation impacts in
Oakland County. However, historical rail transportation accidents have resulted in economic
impacts, including extensive property damage costs for trains, railcars, infrastructure, and
nearby structures. Business interruption occurs due to disruptions in the flow of goods and
services, leading to logistical challenges and economic losses for businesses relying on rail
freight. Rail companies may experience a loss of revenue from temporary or prolonged service
disruptions. Legal and insurance costs arise from legal proceedings, claims, and liability
settlements. Emergency response expenditures, such as personnel salaries and equipment,
contribute to the overall economic impact. Rail accidents also affect the local economy through
disruptions in transportation services, property damage, and business interruptions, impacting
employment and tourism.
Figure 4-94 illustrates a transportation system map of Oakland County.
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Figure 4-103. Transportation System Map
Source: Oakland County, MI, USDA, SEMCOG
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4.36 Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
Hazard Description
Any explosive, incendiary, chemical, biological, or radiological/nuclear device intended to cause
widespread harm, destruction, and casualties among the civilian population and disrupt societal
functions.
Hazard Location
A WMD incident could occur anywhere in Oakland County. Any information on this matter is
sensitive to law enforcement and homeland security and, therefore, unavailable to the general
public.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
The extent and intensity of WMD incidents can be assessed by multiple factors, including the
type of WMD involved (chemical, biological, radiological/nuclear, or explosive), the potential
scale of the impact, the capability and intent of the threat actors, and the likelihood of
successful deployment. Intelligence gathering, risk assessments, and collaboration with various
agencies/partners are methods used to measure WMD threats.
Probability and Frequency
Weapons of mass destruction have never been used to attack Oakland County. Although
Oakland County does not have a history of attacks from weapons of mass destruction, the
possibility of such an event does exist in the county.
Past Events
At the start of 2023, nine states—the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China,
India, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea) and Israel—
together possessed approximately 12 512 nuclear weapons, of which 9576 were considered to
be potentially operationally available (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2023).
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: WMD can have severe public health and safety impacts, causing widespread
casualties, injuries, and fatalities among the civilian population. WMD incidents can cause
significant harm to public health, including exposure to hazardous substances, contamination of
the environment, and the spread of diseases or illnesses. Such incidents also threaten critical
infrastructure, disrupt essential services, and create psychological distress among affected
individuals and communities.
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Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: The destructive potential of WMD, such as
explosive devices or chemical, biological, and radiological/nuclear agents, can result in
extensive damage to buildings, structures, and surrounding areas. Critical infrastructure,
including transportation systems, utilities, communication networks, and essential facilities, can
suffer severe disruptions or destruction. WMD incidents can lead to long-lasting structural
damage, rendering infrastructure inoperable and requiring extensive repairs or reconstruction.
The impacts on property and critical infrastructure can have far-reaching consequences on
communities, economies, and public safety.
Economy: WMD can result in extensive property damage, leading to costly repairs,
replacements, and reconstruction efforts. WMD incidents can disrupt business operations,
interrupt supply chains, and cause economic losses for affected industries. The aftermath of
WMD events may require significant investments in infrastructure restoration, environmental
remediation, and healthcare services. Additionally, the psychological impact and public fear
following WMD incidents can negatively affect consumer confidence, tourism, and overall
economic stability. The economic consequences of WMD underscore the importance of
prevention, preparedness, and response measures to mitigate their devastating effects.
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Other Hazards of Concern
Although FEMA does not require non-natural hazards for inclusion in a hazard mitigation plan,
Oakland County wishes to rank and mitigate public health emergencies that could impact the
county. Therefore, due to the nature of non-natural hazards and the discretionary status
regarding their inclusion, public health emergencies have been briefly and qualitatively
assessed for general education and informing their inclusion within the hazard ranking and
mitigation process.
4.37 Public Health Emergencies
Hazard Description
A situation that poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of a population. It is
characterized by the occurrence or imminent risk of widespread illness, injury, or death,
resulting from infectious diseases, natural disasters, chemical or radiological incidents, or other
events with public health implications. Public health emergencies require immediate and
coordinated response efforts to mitigate the impact on individuals, communities, and
healthcare systems, including disease surveillance, risk communication, resource allocation, and
implementation of public health measures to prevent further spread and protect the public's
health.
Hazard Location
A public health emergency could impact anywhere in Oakland County.
Hazard Extent/Intensity
Measuring the extent and intensity of a public health emergency involves several key factors.
The assessment typically considers the scale and severity of the health threat, including the
number of affected individuals, the potential for transmission, and the impact on morbidity and
mortality rates. Additionally, the CDC measures the geographic spread of the emergency,
tracking its reach and evaluating the risk of further dissemination. Other critical aspects include
the availability and utilization of healthcare resources, the capacity to diagnose and treat
affected individuals, and the effectiveness of public health interventions. By analyzing these
factors, public health agencies can gauge the extent and intensity of a public health emergency
and tailor their response accordingly.
Probability and Frequency
Public health emergencies vary in their probability and frequency over time. Factors such as
emerging infectious diseases, natural disasters, or other health-related events can influence the
occurrence of public health emergencies. While the exact probability and frequency of such
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emergencies over the last ten years can vary, it is essential to note that the World Health
Organization (WHO) and other public health agencies continuously monitor and prepare for
potential threats.
WHO collects and analyzes data from affected countries and regions to assess health
emergencies' magnitude, severity, and impact. They monitor disease outbreaks, conduct
epidemiological investigations, and provide technical expertise to understand the dynamics of
the crisis. The WHO also collaborates with partners to develop standardized tools and
methodologies for data collection and analysis. In addition, they facilitate information sharing,
research collaboration, and the dissemination of best practices among countries and
stakeholders.
Past Events
Over the last five years, the most notable public health emergency is the COVID-19 pandemic,
which began in late 2019 and continues to have a global impact at the time of this plan.
Another significant international event was the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of
Congo, which persisted from 2018 to 2020. The ongoing crisis of opioid overdoses and addiction
in various countries, including the United States, has also been considered a public health
emergency. Additionally, the Zika virus outbreak occurred in 2015-2016, primarily affecting the
Americas, and raised significant concerns.
Vulnerability and Impacts
Health and Safety: Public health emergencies significantly impact health and safety. These
emergencies often result in increased morbidity and mortality rates, posing a threat to the well-
being of individuals and communities. They can lead to the rapid spread of infectious diseases,
causing widespread illness and potentially overwhelming healthcare systems. Public health
emergencies may also disrupt routine healthcare services, delay access to necessary
treatments, and hinder the management of chronic conditions. Additionally, these emergencies
can result in psychological distress, fear, and social disruption within affected populations.
Property Damage and Critical Infrastructure: Public health emergencies can disrupt essential
services and infrastructure systems critical for public health and safety. For instance, healthcare
facilities may experience increased demands and strains on resources, potentially affecting
their capacity to provide adequate care. In addition, transportation networks, including airports
and roadways, may face disruptions, impacting the movement of supplies, personnel, and
patients. Public health emergencies can also affect the functioning of utilities such as water and
wastewater systems, power grids, and communication networks.
Economy: Public health emergencies can often lead to disruptions in various sectors of the
economy. For instance, lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing guidelines can
result in business closures, reduced consumer spending, and job losses. Industries directly
impacted by public health emergencies, such as hospitality, tourism, and retail, may experience
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a decline in revenue and profitability. Additionally, healthcare systems and public health
agencies may face increased financial burdens due to the surge in service demand and the need
to invest in emergency response capabilities.
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https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/subject/human-health-impacts
NCAR. (2023, March 8). Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Retrieved from Climate Data
Guide: https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/palmer-drought-severity-index-pdsi
NDMC. (2023, March 8). Types of Drought. Retrieved from National Drought Mitigation Center:
https://drought.unl.edu/Education/DroughtIn-depth/TypesofDrought.aspx
Neighborhoods At Risk. (2023, April 1). Explore climate projections. Retrieved from
Neighborhoods At Risk: https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/climate
Neighborhoods At Risk. (2023, March 8). Explore climate projections. Retrieved from
Neighborhoods At Risk: https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/17043/explore/climate
Neighborhoods At Risk. (2023, May 5). Neighborhoods At Risk Report. Retrieved from
Neighborhoods At Risk: https://nar.headwaterseconomics.org/26125/explore/map
NISIC. (2023, May 15). Economic and Social Impacts. Retrieved from NISIC:
https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/subject/economic-and-social-impacts
NOAA. (2023, May 4). Climate Change Impacts. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/climate/climate-change-impacts
NOAA. (2023, May 5). Cold Weather Safety. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.weather.gov/safety/cold
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
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NOAA. (2023, March 8). Definition of Drought. Retrieved from National Centers for
Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/dyk/drought-
definition
NOAA. (2023, May 5). National Weather Service. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?word=blizzard
NOAA. (2023, May 3). SEVERE WEATHER 101 - Damaging Winds. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/wind/types/
NOAA. (2023, May 3). SEVERE WEATHER 101 - Hail Basics. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/hail/
NOAA. (2023, May 3). SEVERE WEATHER 101 - Lightning. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/lightning/
NOAA. (2023, May 3). SEVERE WEATHER 101 - Thunderstorms. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/thunderstorms/
NOAA. (2023, May 5). Southeast Michigan Tornado Climatology. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.weather.gov/dtx/torclimateinfo#:~:text=Most%20tornadoes%20occur%20betwee
n%20April,month%20but%20January%20and%20December.
NOAA. (2023, May 1). Storm Events Database. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=332675
NOAA. (2023, May 1). Storm Events Database. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=133285
NOAA. (2023, May 1). Storm Events Database. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=538946
NOAA. (2023, May 1). Storm Events Database. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=660647
NOAA. (2023, May 4). Storm Events Database. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+High+Wind&beg
inDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2013&endDate_mm=05&endDate_dd=04
&endDate_yyyy=2023&county=OAKLAND%3A125&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000
&sort=DT&sub
NOAA. (2023, May 4). Storm Events Database. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28C%29+Thunderstorm+
Wind&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2013&endDate_mm=05&endD
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
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ate_dd=04&endDate_yyyy=2023&county=OAKLAND%3A125&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&win
dfilter=000&sor
NOAA. (2023, May 5). Storm Events Database. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28C%29+Tornado&begin
Date_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=1950&endDate_mm=05&endDate_dd=04&
endDate_yyyy=2023&county=OAKLAND%3A125&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&
sort=DT&submi
NOAA. (2023, May 4). Storms Events Database. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28C%29+Thunderstorm+
Wind&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2013&endDate_mm=05&endD
ate_dd=04&endDate_yyyy=2023&county=OAKLAND%3A125&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&win
dfilter=000&sor
NOAA. (2023, May 4). Storms Events Database. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28C%29+Lightning&begin
Date_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2013&endDate_mm=05&endDate_dd=04&
endDate_yyyy=2023&county=OAKLAND%3A125&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&
sort=DT&sub
NOAA. (2023, May 3). Understanding Climate. Retrieved from NOAA:
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate
NOAA. (2023, March 8). What is a watershed? Retrieved from NOAA:
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/watershed.html
NOAA. (2023, May 5). Winter. Retrieved from NOAA: https://www.weather.gov/safety/winter
Oakland County. (1998). Hazard Study. Oakland County, MI: Oaklan d County Michigan
Emergency Management.
Plan, M. H. (2017). Michigan Hazard Mitigation Plan. Michigan Department of State Police
Emergency Management and Homeland Security Division: Michigan Department of State Police
Emergency Management and Homeland Security Division.
The Weather Channel. (2023, March 8). The Weather Channel. Retrieved from The Weather
Channel: https://weather.com/safety/floods/news/flash-flooding-vehicle-danger-20140717
UCAR. (2023, March 8). The Water Cycle and Climate Change. Retrieved from University
Corporation for Atmospheric Research: https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/climate-change-
impacts/water-cycle-climate-change
US EPA. (2023, May 15). Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) Frequent Questions. Retrieved from US
EPA: https://www.epa.gov/npdes/sanitary-sewer-overflow-sso-frequent-questions
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
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US EPA. (2023, May 15). Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs). Retrieved from US EPA:
https://www.epa.gov/npdes/sanitary-sewer-overflows-ssos
US EPA. (2023, May 15). Stormwater Discharges from Municipal Sources. Retrieved from US
EPA: https://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater-discharges-municipal-sources#Introduction
US EPA, CDC. (2016, March 8). CLIMATE CHANGE and EXTREME HEAT. US EPA, CDC. Retrieved
from https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-10/documents/extreme-heat-
guidebook.pdf
US EPA, CDC. (2023, March 8). CLIMATE CHANGE and EXTREME HEAT. US EPA, CDC. Retrieved
from https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-10/documents/extreme-heat-
guidebook.pdf
USGS. (2023, March 8). Earthquake Catalog. Retrieved from US Geological Survey:
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/
USGS. (2023, March 8). The Science of Earthquakes. Retrieved from US Geological Survey:
https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/science-
earthquakes#:~:text=A%20normal%20(dip%2Dslip),the%20fault%20or%20fault%20plane.
USGS. (2023, March 8). What are the Effects of Earthquakes? Retrieved from US Geological
Survey: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/what-are-effects-earthquakes
USGS. (2023, March 8). What are the Effects of Earthquakes? Retrieved from US Geological
Survey: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/what-are-effects-earthquakes
Woods, M. J. (2021). Understanding Extreme Tornado Events Under Future Climate Change
Through THe Psuedo-Global Warming Methodology. Champaign: University of Illinois Urbana.
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 5 | Capabilities and Integration of Mitigation Measures | 5-1
Chapter 5: Capabilities and Integration
of Mitigation Measures
5.1 Overview
Preventative activities keep problems related to natural hazards from escalating and ensure
new developments have reduced vulnerability to hazards. The information within this Chapter
primarily focuses on building codes, planning and zoning, comprehensive plans, capital
improvement plans, in addition to related studies and publications.
This capability assessment examines the existing studies, plans, programs, and policies that
have incorporated hazard mitigation and other proactive measures into processes at the local
and county levels. The purpose of the capability assessment is to highlight successes, identify
shortcomings, and lay the groundwork for possible improvement.
5.2 Building Codes
Updating and adopting new building codes and addressing the effectiveness of these codes can
be one of the best ways to conduct mitigation. When properly designed and constructed, many
buildings can withstand the impacts of high winds, floods, or tornadoes.
5.2.1 Building Codes in Michigan
Prior to 1973, the use and standardization of building codes across Michigan varied. The state
legislators felt a need to control construction practices throughout the state. They also felt that
construction should meet a code of minimum structural and safety standards. Thus, in 1972,
the Michigan Legislature proposed Public Act 230, also known as the Stille-Derossett-Hale
Single State Construction Code Act. It passed into law and became effective January 1, 1973.
While PA 230 has undergone a number of amendments and revisions over the years, its basic
idea remains the same; to have a building code applicable throughout Michigan to standardize
construction methods and requirements. All communities in Michigan are subject to the State
Construction Code, which establishes general minimum construction standards for buildings
and structures in all Michigan municipalities. The State Construction Code is a compilation of
the International Residential Code, the International Building Code, the International
Mechanical Code, the International Plumbing Code published by the International Code Council,
the National Electrical Code published by the National Fire Prevention Association, and the
Michigan Uniform Energy Code with amendments, additions, or deletions as the Michigan
Department of Energy, Labor and Economic Growth determines appropriate.
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One important change made to PA 230 is that any local governmental unit enforcing building
codes within Michigan must use the “Michigan Building Codes” and only the version approved
by the state legislature under the guidance of the Bureau of Construction Codes.
PA 230 does not allow local modification of the codes. In other words, a local government
authority cannot choose to delete, amend, revise, ignore, add to, change, exempt certain
persons from, or modify the codes. This language assures continuity across all of the codes and
their enforcement. Local units of government must enforce the State of Michigan Codes or
relinquish local code enforcement to the State.
Minimum building code standards for all participating jurisdictions in Oakland County
• 2015 Michigan Building Code (Current Code - Effective April 20, 2017)
o 2015 Part 4. Building Code (Storm Shelters)
o Note: Residential requirements are contained in the Michigan Residential Code.
• 2015 Michigan Residential Code (Current Code – Effective February 8, 2016)
• 2015 Michigan Rehabilitation Code (Current Code – Effective December 13, 2016)
• 2015 Michigan Mechanical Code (Current Code – Effective April 12, 2017)
o Note: Residential requirements are contained in the Michigan Residential Code.
• 2018 Michigan Plumbing Code (Current Code – Effective September 15, 2021)
o Note: Residential requirements are contained in the Michigan Residential Code.
• 2015 Michigan Energy Code (Current Code – Effective September 20, 2017)
o Note: Residential requirements are contained in the Michigan Residential Code.
• 2017 National Electrical Code (NEC) ** Current Code - Effective January 4, 2019
o Note: Residential requirements are contained in the Michigan Residential Code.
Source: https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books
5.3 Planning & Regulatory Capabilities
5.3.1 Master Plans
The Michigan Planning Enabling Act outlines the boundary coordination process communities
must follow in the course of the review and adoption of any new master plan or an amendment
to an existing master plan. All communities are required to review their master plan every five
years to determine whether the plan should be amended or revised. The County's role in this
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Chapter 5 | Capabilities and Integration of Mitigation Measures | 5-3
process is to review plans for coordination between communities, particularly with regard to
designated future land uses along community boundaries.
Oakland County does not have a Planning Commission. Instead, the Board of Commissioners
appoints three Commissioners of the Economic Development and Infrastructure Committee to
sit on the Coordinating Zoning Committee (CZC) and uphold the County’s legal planning and
zoning review function. Planning staff reviews all plans and zoning proposals and presents
those findings to the Coordinating Zoning Committee for their approval and endorsement.
The Michigan Zoning Enabling Act authorizes Oakland County to review and comment on
township rezoning requests for those rezoning cases that are at the border of an adjacent
community or involve or are adjacent to County property. The County's review focuses on
master plan conformance and boundary coordination of existing and proposed land uses.
5.3.2 Zoning Ordinances
A zoning ordinance typically addresses three primary areas: 1) the use of land and structures
and the height and bulk of structures; 2) the density of population and intensity of land and
structural use; and 3) the provision for space around structures (i.e., requirements for side
yards, rear yards, open space, building setback lines, etc.).
Some zoning ordinances may specifically address potential hazards to life and property,
although there is no requirement to do this in the State of Michigan. Although there are a
variety of standard zoning districts, there are no formal legal requirements regarding the type
of districts that must be included in an ordinance. The Michigan Zoning Enabling Act is
suggestive but not prescriptive in its provisions for zoning districts. Section 201 (1) of the Act
suggests a variety of land uses that may be addressed by formal zoning districts but it does not
mandate a standardized list of zoning districts that must be applied in each Michigan
community that has a zoning ordinance. The Michigan Zoning Enabling Act provides sufficient
flexibility and regulatory framework to allow communities to use comprehensive planning and
zoning to effectively reduce their natural hazard risk and vulnerability.
5.3.3 Subdivision Regulations
Subdivision regulations are the legally established standards of design and construction for
dividing a land parcel into smaller ones for the purpose of selling or leasing the property. The
Land Division Act (1967 PA 288, as amended by 1996 PA 591, 1997 PA 87, and 2004 PA 524)
governs the subdivision of land in Michigan. The Act requires that the land being subdivided be
suitable for building sites and public improvements, that there be adequate drainage and
proper ingress and egress to lots, and that reviews be conducted at the local, county and state
levels to ensure that the land being subdivided is suitable for development. The Act also
requires conformance with all local planning codes.
5.3.4 Capital Improvement Plans
Communities use Capital Improvement Plans or Community Investment Programs to guide
major public expenditures for the next five to 20 years. Capital expenditures can include
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Chapter 5 | Capabilities and Integration of Mitigation Measures | 5-4
roadways, water and sewer lines, floodplain open space acquisition, and retrofitting existing
public structures to withstand hazards.
5.3.5 Plan Integration & Opportunities to Expand and Improve
Table 5-1 illustrates Oakland County communities' efforts to integrate hazard mitigation,
hazards, and other mitigation considerations into their comprehensive or related community-
wide plans. Oakland County does not control local planning and zoning for Cities, Villages, or
Townships.
The information in the table is based on the best available data. Opportunities to expand or
improve do not indicate a community is out of compliance, but suggests that future updates to
a specific plan or ordinance may consider further integration of hazard-related risks and
mitigation efforts.
Table 5-93. Oakland County Planning and Land Use Ordinances
Community Master
Plan Mitigation
and/or Hazards
Included in
Master Plan (or
related plan)
Capital
Improvement
Plan(s)
Published on
Public-Facing
Web site
Mitigation
and/or Hazards
Included in
Capital
Improvement
Plan(s)
Flood hazards or
drainage provisions
in Zoning
Ordinance
Note: Subdivision
Regulations are
state mandated per
PA 288.
Addison
Township
July 2002 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Auburn Hills
2018 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Berkley
November
2021
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village of
Beverly Hills
March
2016
Yes - Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes
Village of
Bingham Farms
August
2021
Yes - Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Birmingham
November
2021
Yes - Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes
City of
Bloomfield Hills
May 2009 Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Bloomfield
Township
2007 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village of
Bloomfield
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Brandon
Township
August
2022
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City/Village of
Clarkston
2019 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Clawson
2017 Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Commerce
Township
2015 Yes - Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 5 | Capabilities and Integration of Mitigation Measures | 5-5
Community Master
Plan Mitigation
and/or Hazards
Included in
Master Plan (or
related plan)
Capital
Improvement
Plan(s)
Published on
Public-Facing
Web site
Mitigation
and/or Hazards
Included in
Capital
Improvement
Plan(s)
Flood hazards or
drainage provisions
in Zoning
Ordinance
Note: Subdivision
Regulations are
state mandated per
PA 288.
City of
Farmington
2016 Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Yes Yes
City of
Farmington Hills
2019 Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Ferndale
September
2022
Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village of
Franklin
2007 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Groveland
Township
2021 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes
City of
Hazel Park
October
2020
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Highland
Township
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Holly
Township
2016 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village of
Holly
2021 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Huntington
Woods
February
2022
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Independence
Township
February
2016
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Keego Harbor
August
2018
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Lake Angelus
October
2017
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village of
Lake Orion
2021 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Lathrup Village
July 2021 Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village Of
Leonard
2018 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Lyon
Township
April 2012 Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Madison Heights
February
2021
Yes Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Milford
Township
February
2009
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village of
Milford
2020 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes
City of
Northville
July 2018 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 5 | Capabilities and Integration of Mitigation Measures | 5-6
Community Master
Plan Mitigation
and/or Hazards
Included in
Master Plan (or
related plan)
Capital
Improvement
Plan(s)
Published on
Public-Facing
Web site
Mitigation
and/or Hazards
Included in
Capital
Improvement
Plan(s)
Flood hazards or
drainage provisions
in Zoning
Ordinance
Note: Subdivision
Regulations are
state mandated per
PA 288.
City of
Novi
2016 Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Novi
Township
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Oak Park
2020 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Oakland
Township
January
2020
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Orchard Lake
Village
2018 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Orion
Township
2022 Yes - Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village of
Ortonville
March
2022
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Oxford
Township
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village of
Oxford
May 2011 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes
City of
Pleasant Ridge
2015 Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Pontiac
October
2014
Yes - Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Rochester
April 2022 Yes - Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Rochester Hills
2018 Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Rose
Township
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Royal Oak
April 2012 Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Royal Oak
Township
September
2019
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
South Lyon
November
2016
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Southfield
December
2022
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Southfield
Township
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Springfield
Township
April 2016 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Sylvan Lake
October
2022
Yes - Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 5 | Capabilities and Integration of Mitigation Measures | 5-7
Community Master
Plan Mitigation
and/or Hazards
Included in
Master Plan (or
related plan)
Capital
Improvement
Plan(s)
Published on
Public-Facing
Web site
Mitigation
and/or Hazards
Included in
Capital
Improvement
Plan(s)
Flood hazards or
drainage provisions
in Zoning
Ordinance
Note: Subdivision
Regulations are
state mandated per
PA 288.
City of
Troy
February
2017
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Walled Lake
February
2014
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Waterford
Township
January
2003
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes
West Bloomfield
Township
September
2010
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
White Lake
Township
2012 Opportunity to
expand/improve
Yes Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
City of
Wixom
August
2020
Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
Village of
Wolverine Lake
April 2022 Opportunity to
expand/improve
- Opportunity to
expand/improve
Opportunity to
expand/improve
5.3.6 Underground Utilities
Since 1970, DTE, which is the largest electricity supplier in Oakland County, has installed its lines
underground during the construction phase of all new subdivisions and other construction
projects where possible. Currently, one-third of DTE’s infrastructure is underground. Relocating
existing infrastructure from above ground to below ground is more complex and can be
expensive. Pilots are currently underway to identify opportunities to make this relocation more
affordable in places where it would make sense to do so, including areas where DTE is
rebuilding its infrastructure.
5.3.7 Development in the Floodplain and NFIP
Michigan Building Codes: For residential structures within the floodplain, the Michigan Building
Code requires that the structure have the lowest floor one foot above the base flood elevation
(the depth of peak elevation of flooding, including wave height, which has a 1% or greater
chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year). Basements (defined as being below-
grade on all sides) must be at or above the base flood elevation (BFE). The one foot of
freeboard is more restrictive than the NFIP minimum criteria involving elevation above the BFE.
In addition to FEMA-mapped floodplains, the floodplain criteria of the Building Codes apply to
state-regulated floodplains. This includes all unmapped streams with a drainage area greater
than two square miles. This means that floodplain management requirements are much more
broadly applied in Michigan. The Code also requires that utilities and mechanical equipment be
elevated above the base flood elevation or protected so as to prevent water from entering or
accumulating within the components during the occurrence of a 1%-annual-chance flood.
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For non-residential structures, the level of flood protection required by the State Building Code
is dependent on the classification of the building use. Category III and IV buildings (critical
facilities) such as hospitals, emergency response facilities, power generation stations, and other
public utilities must have the lowest flood elevated or dry floodproofed one foot above the
“500-year” flood elevation. The critical facilities requirement is more restrictive than NFIP
requirements, which only require elevation above the BFE. Buildings that do not fall within
Categories III or IV must have the lowest floor elevated or floodproofed one foot above the
base flood elevation (State of Michigan Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2019).
By enforcing the flood resistant construction provisions of the State Building Code, inspectors
can help ensure that new construction within flood-prone areas will be built in such a manner
as to minimize future flood losses.
Subdivision Regulations: Proposed subdivisions are reviewed by the County Drain
Commissioner for proper drainage, and for floodplain impacts by the Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality, Water Resources Division. The subdivision rules require a minimum
buildable area above the BFE and outside of any wetlands, for each platted lot.
NFIP Community Participation. Because of the existing state laws and the building codes, every
community in Michigan meets the minimum standards to participate in the NFIP. The only
actions necessary to join the NFIP would be the passing of a resolution indicating an interest in
joining the NFIP, adopting an ordinance indicating the State Building Code is enforced in the
community, and completing an application. The Michigan Department of Environment, Great
Lakes, and Energy (EGLE), in cooperation with the Michigan Attorney General’s Office has
developed a sample ordinance that may be used by communities when joining the NFIP.
A continued effort is needed to make the communities in Oakland County aware of the NFIP
and floodplain management.
5.4 Financial Capabilities
Financial capabilities are the resources that a jurisdiction has access to or is eligible to use to
fund mitigation actions. This section provides a summary of what funding sources a community
may have access to. It is understood that some governments have access to recurring
sources of revenue beyond property, sales, and incomes taxes, such as stormwater utility or
development impact fees.
The primary funding mechanisms used to implement hazard mitigation projects are FEMA’s
three Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) programs. The grant program includes Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities
(BRIC), and Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA). These competitive grant programs are intended
to provide funding for eligible mitigation measures that reduce loss. Adoption of this plan will
increase participants’ eligibility for federal grants to develop hazard mitigation plans.
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In addition to the federal opportunities, Michigan does have a Disaster and Emergency
Contingency Fund (DECF) as a result of amendments to Public Act 390, which requires the
legislature to annually appropriate sufficient funds to maintain the fund at a level between $2.5
million and $10 million. These funds are authorized by the governor to provide state assistance
to counties and municipalities when federal assistance is not available.
Table 5-94. Oakland County Financial Capabilities
Community Capital
Improvements
Project Funding
Authority to Levy
Taxes/Bonds for
Specific Purposes
FEMA
BRIC
FEMA
HMGP
FEMA
FMA
MI State
Disaster and
Emergency
Contingency
Fund
Oakland County Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Addison
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
City of
Auburn Hills
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Berkley
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Village of
Beverly Hills
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Village of
Bingham Farms
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Birmingham
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Bloomfield Hills
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Bloomfield
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Village of
Bloomfield
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Brandon
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City/Village of
Clarkston
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Clawson
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Commerce
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Farmington
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Farmington Hills
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Ferndale
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Village of
Franklin
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Groveland
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
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Community Capital
Improvements
Project Funding
Authority to Levy
Taxes/Bonds for
Specific Purposes
FEMA
BRIC
FEMA
HMGP
FEMA
FMA
MI State
Disaster and
Emergency
Contingency
Fund
City of
Hazel Park
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Highland
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Holly
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Village of
Holly
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Huntington
Woods
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Independence
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Keego Harbor
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Lake Angelus
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Village of
Lake Orion
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Lathrup Village
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Village Of
Leonard
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Lyon
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Madison Heights
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Milford
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Village of
Milford
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Northville
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Novi
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Novi
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
City of
Oak Park
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Oakland
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Orchard Lake
Village
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Orion
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
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Community Capital
Improvements
Project Funding
Authority to Levy
Taxes/Bonds for
Specific Purposes
FEMA
BRIC
FEMA
HMGP
FEMA
FMA
MI State
Disaster and
Emergency
Contingency
Fund
Village of
Ortonville
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Oxford
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Village of
Oxford
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
City of
Pleasant Ridge
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
City of
Pontiac
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Rochester
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Rochester Hills
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Rose
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Royal Oak
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Royal Oak
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
City of
South Lyon
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Southfield
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Southfield
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Springfield
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Sylvan Lake
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
City of
Troy
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Walled Lake
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Waterford
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
West Bloomfield
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
White Lake
Township
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
City of
Wixom
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Village of
Wolverine Lake
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
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5.5 Warning, Education, and Outreach Capabilities
Emergency services measures protect people during and after a disaster. A good emergency
management program addresses all hazards and all phases of a disaster.
When a threat is identified, Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security,
municipalities, and/or entities such as the NWS notify the public.
The National Weather Service issues notice to the public using two levels of notification:
• Watch: conditions are right for flooding, thunderstorms, tornadoes, or winter storms
• Warning: a flood, tornado, etc., has started or has been observed
The communities in Oakland County have the capability to disseminate a more specific warning
in a variety of ways. The following are the more common notification methods:
• Outdoor warning sirens
• Commercial or public radio or TV stations
• IPAWS mass cell phone notification
• Community notification systems
• NOAA Weather Radio
• Tone-activated receivers in critical facilities
• Door-to-door contact
• Mobile public address systems
• E-mail notifications
5.5.1 OakAlert
The county’s emergency notification system, OakAlert, sends texts, calls and emails when
emergency situations occur. The notification tool is powered by CodeRed, an emergency, mass-
notification system. It allows citizens to self-register with their name and personal contact
information and their own username and password. Oakland County recommends that
everyone should have a plan during emergencies and a method to accept notifications in
different modes, i.e., NOAA Weather radios, television, phone app, etc.
5.5.2 Outdoor Warning Siren System
When the National Weather Service issues a Tornado Warning or a Severe Thunderstorm with
damaging winds at or greater than 70 mph for Oakland County, the sirens are activated.
Oakland County has 275 outdoor warning sirens located throughout Oakland County. All sirens
are activated by the transmission of an RF signal with a tone alert. The signal is transmitted by
the Oakland County Emergency Management.
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When sirens are activated, a steady three minute tone indicates a tornado has been sighted or
strongly indicated on radar and/or a severe thunderstorm with 70 mph winds or greater is in
the area.
Each siren is capable of covering about a one mile radius from its location. The sirens are
designed to alert citizens who are outside but citizens inside buildings may hear the siren if they
are close to the siren location.
5.5.3 Early Weather Warning/Tone Alert Receiver System
When the National Weather Service issues a severe weather condition, Oakland County
Homeland Security will activate the tone alert receivers (different from NOAA weather radios)
and broadcast detailed severe weather information impacting Oakland County.
For Tornado Warnings and/or Severe Thunderstorms with damaging winds at or greater than
70 mph, activation will occur seconds after the Oakland County Outdoor Warning Sirens are
activated.
The following severe weather conditions may result in an activation:
• Tornado Warning
• Tornado Watch
• Thunderstorm Warning
• Thunderstorm Watch
• Severe Blizzard Warning
• Blizzard Warning
• Heavy Snow Warning
• Ice Storm Warning
• Winter Storm Warning
• Winter Storm Watch
• Flood Warning
• High Wind Warning
• Dense Fog Advisory
To participate in the Tone Alert Receiver System, persons or agencies obtain and maintain a
tone alert receiver with proper frequency and tones. Tone alert receivers are small radio-type
appliances available for purchase from $200-500.00 each. NOAA weather radios can be
purchased for under $50.00. Persons/Agencies who may participate are:
• Citizens
• Businesses
• Schools
• Hospitals
• Media
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• Industry
• Police
• Public Safety
• Government
• Fire
• Emergency Medical Service
5.5.4 Amateur Radio Public Service Corps (ARPSC)
The Oakland County Amateur Radio Public Service Corps (ARPSC) is a volunteer organization of
public service minded amateur radio operators dedicated to providing organized emergency
communications in a time of need. The ARPSC mission includes a number ham radio based
communication services:
• Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) – This group is organized and recognized
through the Amateur Radio Relay League (ARRL) to provide communications assistance
during disasters
• Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) – RACES volunteers are recognized
through their local Emergency Management program, and they assist with many tasks
for the governmental agencies they serve. The Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) provides planning guidance and technical assistance for RACES teams.
• National Traffic System (NTS) – The National Traffic System utilizes "Radiograms" to
relay information critical to saving lives or property, or to inquire about the health or
welfare of disaster victims
• SKYWARN – Ham radio operators working with the National Weather Service and the
Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security Department perform
as severe weather spotters, reporting their observations of severe weather and the
resulting damages via radio
• Amateur Radio Hospital Emergency Communications (ARHEC) – Amateur radio
volunteers participating in this program provide emergency communications for the
hospitals in Oakland County
In addition to the emergency communication roles listed above, ARPSC members also provide
many additional communications related services, including:
• Assisting the Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security
Department with monthly Outdoor Warning Siren tests, observing and reporting back
on the activation and operation of the sirens within the County
• Assisting with two-way radio communications for non-profit, civic, or special events
such as the Woodward Avenue Dream Cruise and the Brooksie Way Half Marathon
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5.5.5 Citizen Corps/CERT Program
Oakland County partners and liaisons with local community programs and is a major
contributor to Citizen Corps framework with CERT being one of the foundational programs.
As indicated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Citizen Corps Program is a
collaborative framework that brings together local communities, citizen volunteers, and a
network of first-responder organizations. The organizations involved in Citizen Corps Programs
are local fire and police departments, county health departments, and community
neighborhood associations. The Citizen Corps Partner Programs consist of Community
Emergency Response Team (CERT); Fire Corps; Medical Reserve Corps; Neighborhood Watch;
and Volunteers in Police Service.
One of the goals of the Citizen Corps framework is to pair interested volunteers with
organizations in need of support.
Oakland County Communities with Community Emergency Response Teams:
• Brandon Township
• Holly Township
• Waterford CERT
• City of Hazel Park
• City of Novi
• City of Rochester
• City of Rochester Hills
• City of Southfield
• White Lake Twp
Oakland County Communities with Volunteers in Police Services
• Oakland County Sheriff's Office
• City of Royal Oak
• Sylvan Lake
• Waterford Township
Neighborhood Watch Programs
• City of Hazel Park
• City of Pontiac
• City of Royal Oak
• City of Southfield
• Waterford Township
5.5.6 Skywarn Spotter Training Program
Skywarn is an effort to save lives during severe weather emergencies by expanding networks of
spotters and by encouraging the widest possible participation in tornado warning programs.
Skywarn Weather Spotters provide a valuable service to the National Weather Service by
reporting storm damage, precipitation and other observed weather phenomena.
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This program is coordinated by the Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland
Security Department.
5.5.7 StormReady Community
Oakland County was designated by the National Weather Service (NWS) as a StormReady
community in 2004. StormReady is a nationwide volunteer community preparedness program
that started in 1999 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oakland County has always taken a pro-active
approach to hazardous weather operations, however, this designation lets residents, business
owners and visitors know that the County is committed to safety and preparedness.
5.6 Administrative and Technical Capabilities &
Support
Administrative and technical capabilities refer to the jurisdiction’s staff and their skills and tools
that can be used for mitigation planning and to implement specific mitigation actions. It also
refers to the ability to access and coordinate these resources effectively. The following
programs and plans have been identified as having mitigation implications for all participating
jurisdictions of this plan. The dark box indicates the program/capability is active in the
community. The lighter box indicates the community is eligible to participate, and represents
an area of potential expansion, implementation and/or improvement, especially with respect
to hazard mitigation integration.
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Figure 5-104. Oakland County Planning Programs and Services
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References
Licensing and Regulatory Affairs. (2023, June 12). Code Books. Retrieved from:
https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bcc/rules-acts/codes/code-books
Michigan Legislature. (2023, June 12). Stille-Derossett-Hale Single State Construction Code Act.
Retrieved from:
https://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(zimum5xwxr01fybpk1i44od2))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject
&objectname=mcl-125-1504
State of Michigan. (2019). Michigan Hazard Mitigation Plan. Retrieved from:
https://www.michigan.gov/-
/media/Project/Websites/msp/EMHSD/Publications/MHMP.pdf?rev=413bebf626fe450ca7a14a
ff78be314b
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Chapter 6 | Mitigation Goals & Changes in Priority | 6-1
Chapter 6: Mitigation Goals & Changes
in Priority
Mitigation goals describe the broad direction that Oakland County and participating
jurisdictions will take to select mitigating projects, which are designed specifically to address
risks posed by natural and manmade hazards. The goals are stepping-stones between the
mission statement and the individual mitigation projects.
As stated in this Plan, the purpose of the hazard mitigation planning process is to identify
hazard areas, to assess the risks, to analyze the potential for mitigation and to recommend
mitigation strategies, where appropriate. Potential mitigation projects will be reviewed using
criteria that stress the intrinsic value of the increased safety for people and property in relation
to the monetary costs to achieve this (i.e., a cost-benefit analysis). With that in mind, the
planning goals for this entire Plan were reassessed and updated.
The analysis of the Risk Assessment identified areas where mitigation improvements could be
made, providing the framework for the committee to readdress and formulate planning goals.
6.1 Goals
6.1.1 Hazard Mitigation Goals
The following goals (shown in order of importance) were developed by the planning team for
the purpose of guiding and directing the plan in accordance with governmental requirements,
community priorities, and changing circumstances.
Goal 1. Protection of public health and safety and prevention and reduction of loss of life and
injury due to all hazards.
Goal 2. Protect critical infrastructure and community lifelines within Oakland County by
identifying and reducing vulnerabilities to the impacts of natural and manmade hazards.
Goal 3. Protect the assets (people, properties, key resources, etc.) within Oakland County from
the impacts of natural and manmade hazards through the implementation of structural
mitigation projects, such as flood mitigation projects, green infrastructure, retrofitting, reducing
the number of repetitively damaged structures in the County, etc.; and nonstructural mitigation
activities, such as public outreach and education and improving/promoting advanced warning
systems.
Goal 4. Strengthen relationships between the public sector, private sector entities, leaders from
underserved communities, and residents to enhance community resilience through a whole-
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community approach, with specific emphasis on achieving equitable outcomes for all
communities, including underserved communities and socially vulnerable populations.
Goal 5. Increasing awareness, education and preparedness of public, business, non-profit,
government, etc. about hazards.
Goal 6. Promote coordination between public service sectors, and encourage participation in
sustainable and cost-effective mitigation projects, and by improving and supporting public and
private organizational response capabilities.
Goal 7. Encourage systematic updates and adoptions of regulations and policies to ensure new
and existing developments address changing environmental, climate change, and natural
hazard concerns. Integrate hazard mitigation strategies and priorities into existing community
plans.
6.1.2 Oakland County Strategic Framework Goals & Plan Integration
Oakland County has developed a plan to define its priorities, guide the County’s work and help
the County measure its impact on the community. These eight (8) strategic goals were
considered when updating the hazard mitigation goals and is a reflection of the County’s effort
to integrate hazard mitigation efforts, where applicable.
• Thriving & Inclusive Economy
• Healthy Residents
• Skilled and Educated Workforce
• Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
• Livable Neighborhoods
• Environmental sustainability
• Public Safety, & Fairness in the Criminal Jus�ce System
• Organiza�onal Excellence
6.2 Changes in Priority
Mi�ga�on priori�es have not significantly changed for either Oakland County or the
par�cipa�ng jurisdic�ons since the update of the last plan. However, for the 2023 plan update,
mi�ga�on goals for Oakland County and the en�re planning area were significantly updated to
beter align with the County’s current strategic framework, current federal priori�es, ongoing
sustainability and climate change efforts in jurisdic�ons, and a more concerted focus on
achieving equitable outcomes for all communi�es, including underserved communi�es and
socially vulnerable popula�ons. The plan also underwent a rewrite to beter align with new
mi�ga�on plan requirements.
Also, for past mi�ga�on projects iden�fied in previous itera�ons of the plan, a 2023 Status
Update and Changes in Priority sec�on was included for each past ac�on. A descrip�on of the
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update and changes in priority were included, if appropriate and applicable. The table below
provides an example of how mi�ga�on projects were captured for each jurisdic�on.
Mitigation Project
Year Initiated Year
Applicable Jurisdiction Community Name
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low, Medium, or High
Potential Funding Source Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Benefit or Loss Avoided
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low, Medium, or High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing
Actual Completion Date Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low, Medium, or High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazard
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
A description of the update and changes in
priority, if appropriate and applicable
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Chapter 7: Mitigation Strategies and
Actions
The heart of the mitigation plan is the mitigation strategy, which serves as the long-term
blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation
strategy describes how the community will accomplish the overall purpose, or mission, of the
planning process. In this section, mitigation actions/projects were updated/amended,
identified, evaluated, and prioritized.
Plan participants assessed over 300 hazard mitigation strategies, including strategies from
FEMA documents, strategies from the 2018 Oakland County Plan and suggestions from the
communities, Steering Committee members and stakeholders.
7.1 Mitigation Action Plan
The Action Plan for each mitigation project is presented in a table format. The table is designed
to capture important details intended to support the implementation of the project. It is also
designed to facilitate and encourage the annual review and maintenance of each mitigation
action by allowing the Lead Agency/Organization to document the status of the project prior to
and/or during the Annual Steering Committee meeting.
Mitigation Project
Year Initiated Year
Applicable Jurisdiction Community Name
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low, Medium, or High
Potential Funding Source Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Benefit or Loss Avoided
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low, Medium, or High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing
Actual Completion Date Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low, Medium, or High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazard
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
A description of the update and changes in
priority, if appropriate and applicable
7.1.1 Mitigation Strategy/Action Timeline Parameters
While the preference is to provide definitive project completion dates, this is not possible for
every mitigation strategy/action. Therefore, the parameters for the timeline (Projected
Completion Date) are as follows:
• Short-term—To be completed in 1 to 5 years
• Long-term—To be completed in greater than 5 years
• Ongoing—Currently being implemented under existing programs but without a definite
completion date
7.1.2 Mitigation Strategy/Action Benefit Analysis Parameters
Benefit ratings are defined as follows:
• High—Project will provide an immediate reduction of risk exposure for life and
property.
• Medium—Project will have a long-term impact on the reduction of risk exposure for life
and property, or project will provide an immediate reduction in the risk exposure for
property.
• Low—Long-term benefits of the project are difficult to quantify in the short term.
7.1.3 Mitigation Strategy/Action Estimated Cost Parameters
While the preference is to provide definitive costs (dollar figures) for each mitigation
strategy/action, this is not possible for every mitigation strategy/action. Therefore, the
estimated costs for the mitigation initiatives identified in this plan are identified as high,
medium, or low, using the following ranges:
• High—Existing funding will not cover the cost of the project; implementation would
require new revenue through an alternative source (e.g., bonds, grants, and fee
increases).
• Medium—The project could be implemented with existing funding but would require a
re-apportionment of the budget or a budget amendment, or the cost of the project
would have to be spread over multiple years.
• Low—The project could be funded under the existing budget or with staff time. The
project is part of or can be part of an ongoing existing program.
7.1.4 Mitigation Strategy/Action Prioritization Process and Priority & Level of
Importance
The action plan must be prioritized according to a benefit/cost analysis of the proposed
projects and their associated costs (44 CFR, Section 201.6(c)(3)(iii)). The benefits of proposed
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projects were weighed against estimated costs as part of the project prioritization process. The
benefit/cost analysis was not of the detailed variety required by FEMA for project grant
eligibility under the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and Building Resilient
Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) grant program. A less formal approach was used
because some projects may not be implemented for up to 10 years, and associated costs and
benefits could change dramatically in that time. Therefore, a review of the apparent benefits
versus the apparent cost of each project was conducted. Parameters were established for
assigning subjective ratings (high, medium, and low) to the costs and benefits of these projects.
The priorities are defined as follows:
• High—A project that addressed numerous goals or hazards, has benefits that exceed
cost, has funding secured or is an ongoing project, and/or meets eligibility requirements
for the HMGP or BRIC grant program. High priority projects can typically be completed
in the short term (1 to 5 years).
• Medium—A project that addressed multiple goals and hazards, that has benefits that
exceed costs, and for which funding has not been secured but that is grant eligible
under HMGP, BRIC, or other grant programs. The project can be completed in the short
term once funding is secured. Medium priority projects will become high priority
projects once funding is secured.
• Low—A project that will address few or no goals, mitigate the risk of one or few
hazards, has benefits that do not exceed the costs or are difficult to quantify, for which
funding has not been secured, that is not eligible for HMGP or BRIC grant funding, and
for which the timeline for completion is long term (1 to 10 years). Low priority projects
may be eligible for other sources of grant funding from other programs.
For many of the strategies identified in this action plan, the partners may seek financial
assistance under the BRIC, HMGP or other HMA programs, all of which may require detailed
benefit/cost analyses. These analyses will be performed on projects at the time of application
using the FEMA benefit-cost model. For projects not seeking financial assistance from grant
programs that require detailed analysis, the partners reserve the right to define “benefits”
according to parameters that meet the goals of this plan.
To further support the prioritization process, all new mitigation actions were required to
undergo the STAPLEE assessment, which includes seven criteria for evaluating a mitigation
action: Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Economic, and Environmental. The
STAPLEE method provides a systematic approach that considers the opportunities and
constraints of implementing a particular mitigation action. Each criterion is ranked from 1
(strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) and calculated by adding together all seven criteria. The
STAPLEE scoring worksheet is provided below.
The STAPLEE score and past feasibility analyses for past mitigation projects informed the
Priority and Level of Importance score for each mitigation project.
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7.2 Mitigation Projects
Participating jurisdictions agreed upon a number of mitigation actions that apply to the county
and all or some participating jurisdictions. These shared actions, some of which address all
hazards, help to meet the following FEMA requirement:
• Does the plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions
and projects for each jurisdiction being considered to reduce the effects of hazards, with
emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure?
• Does the plan include one or more action(s) per jurisdiction for each hazard identified
within the risk assessment?
In addition to the mitigation measures that apply to the county and all participating
jurisdictions, all communities identified additional mitigation actions unique to their
jurisdiction.
The Mitigation Actions and Projects from the County and Municipalities are included in Volume
II:
Volume II:
• County Mitigation Actions (County Departments and Mitigation Actions that Apply to
the County and All Participating Municipalities)
• Municipal Mitigation Actions (Cities, Townships, and Villages)
Each entities’ Mitigation Actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were modified
and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed Mitigation Actions - Completed actions since 2005.
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 8 | Plan Maintenance | 8-1
Chapter 8: Plan Maintenance
The Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan (Plan) maintenance process includes a schedule for
annual monitoring and evaluation of the programmatic outcomes established in the Plan and
for producing a formal Plan revision every five years.
The Steering Committee will continue to monitor, evaluate, and update the plan, specifically
focusing on progress toward each action item within the Hazard Mitigation Plan (Plan). The
Steering Committee will dedicate one meeting annually to discuss the report’s findings,
progress each community has made, issues each community has experienced, and proposed
projects. The annual meeting will also give the Steering Committee the opportunity to discuss
needed revisions/amendments to this Plan.
Developing an annual report and meeting annually to discuss progress keeps the Steering
Committee involved in the plan maintenance process, formalizes the maintenance process, and
provides a level of accountability to work toward accomplishing the action items within the
Plan. Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security and staff assigned shall
be responsible for coordinating and overseeing the development of the annual report and its
associated meeting. In addition, to continue to encourage community participation, annual
meetings will be open to the public and a public comment period will be incorporated into each
meeting.
Per the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), this Plan will be updated every five
years. Again, Oakland County departments and staff assigned will be responsible for
coordinating and overseeing the next plan update. Oakland County coordination will be
overseen by Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security. In addition, it is
recommended that the next 5-year update be conducted over the process of one to two years.
This will provide the Steering Committee ample time to meet, develop drafts, involve the
public, coordinate with stakeholders, and finalize the plan.
This chapter describes the plan maintenance process for Oakland County.
8.1 Formal Review Process
The Plan will be reviewed on an annual basis by the Steering Committee to determine the
effectiveness of programs and to reflect changes that may affect mitigation priorities. The
Director of Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security or designee will
be responsible for contacting the Steering Committee and organizing the review. The Steering
Committee will be responsible for monitoring and evaluating the progress of the mitigation
strategies in the Plan. The Steering Committee will review the goals and action items to
determine their relevance to changing situations in the county as well as changes in Federal
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 8 | Plan Maintenance | 8-2
policy and to ensure they are addressing current and expected conditions. The Steering
Committee will also review the risk assessment portion of the Plan to determine if this
information should be updated or modified, given any new available data. The organizations
responsible for the various action items will report on the status of the projects, the success of
various implementation processes, difficulties encountered, success of coordination efforts,
and which strategies should be revised or removed.
The Director of Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security or designee
will be responsible for ensuring the updating of the Plan. The Director or designee will also
notify all holders of the Plan and affected stakeholders when changes have been made. Every
five years, the updated plan will be submitted to the Michigan State Police, Emergency
Management and Homeland Security Division’s (MSP/EMHSD) Mitigation Program and to the
Federal Emergency Management Agency for review.
8.2 Continued Public Involvement
Oakland County and the Steering Committee are dedicated to involving the public directly in
the review and updates of the Plan. The public will have the opportunity to provide input into
Plan revisions and updates. Copies of the Plan will be kept by appropriate county departments
and outside agencies.
Public meetings will be held when deemed necessary by the Steering Committee. The meetings
will provide a forum where the public can express concerns, opinions, or new alternatives that
can then be included in the Plan. The Steering Committee, and specifically Oakland County
Emergency Management and Homeland Security, will be responsible for using county resources
to publicize the public meetings and maintain public involvement.
To further facilitate continued public involvement in the planning process, Oakland County will
ensure that:
• Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security will keep a copy of the
plan on hand at their office for review and comment by the public. The Plan will also be
maintained on their website.
• A public meeting will be held annually to provide the public with a forum for discussing
concerns, opinions, and ideas with the Steering Committee.
• Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security will conduct outreach
after a disaster event to remind members of the importance of mitigation and to solicit
mitigation ideas to be included in the plan.
8.3 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Updating the Plan
To ensure the Hazard Mitigation Plan continues to provide an appropriate path for risk
reduction throughout the county, it is necessary to regularly evaluate and update it. The
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Chapter 8 | Plan Maintenance | 8-3
Steering Committee will be responsible for monitoring the status of the plan and gathering
appropriate parties to report the status of mitigation actions. The Steering Committee will
convene on an annual basis to determine the progress of the identified mitigation actions. The
Steering Committee will also be an active participant in the next plan update. As the Hazard
Mitigation Plan matures, new stakeholders, specifically those stakeholders and organizations
that represent underserved populations and groups in the county, will be identified and
encouraged to join the existing Steering Committee.
Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland Security is responsible for contacting
Steering Committee members and organizing the annual meeting. The Steering Committee’s
responsibilities include:
• Annually reviewing each goal to determine its relevance and appropriateness.
• Monitor and evaluate the mitigation strategies in this Plan to ensure the document
reflects current hazard analyses, development trends, code changes and risk analyses
and perceptions.
• Ensure the appropriate implementation of annual status reports and regular
maintenance of the plan.
• Create future action plans and mitigation strategies. These should be carefully assessed
and prioritized using benefit-cost analysis (BCA) methodology that FEMA has developed.
• Ensure the public is invited to comment and be involved in mitigation plan updates.
• Ensure that the county complies with all applicable Federal statutes and regulations
during the periods for which it receives grant funding, in compliance with 44 CFR.
• Reassess the plan in light of any major hazard event. The Steering Committee will
convene within 45 days of any major event to review all applicable data and to consider
the risk assessment, plan goals, and action items given the impact of the hazard event.
• Review the plan in connection to other plans, projects, developments, and other
significant initiatives.
• Coordinate with appropriate municipalities and authorities to incorporate regional
initiatives that transcend the boundaries of the county.
• Update the plan every five years and submit for FEMA approval.
• Amend the plan whenever necessary to reflect changes in State or Federal laws and
statutes required in 44 CFR.
8.3.1 The Five-Year Action Plan
This section outlines the implementation agenda that the Steering Committee should follow
five years following adoption of this Plan, and then every five years thereafter. The Steering
Committee is responsible to ensure the Hazard Mitigation Plan is updated every five years.
The Steering Committee will consider the following an action plan for the five-year planning
cycle. It should be noted that the schedule below can be modified as necessary and does not
include any meetings and/or activities that would be necessary following a disaster event
(which would include reconvening the Steering Committee within 45 days of a disaster or
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 8 | Plan Maintenance | 8-4
emergency to determine what mitigation projects should be prioritized during the community
recovery). If an emergency meeting of the Steering Committee occurs, this proposed schedule
may be altered to fit any new needs.
Year 0:
• 2023: Update Hazard Mitigation Plan, including a series of meetings & public meetings.
Submit 2023 Hazard Mitigation Plan for FEMA approval.
• 2023: Work on mitigation actions. Oakland County Emergency Management and
Homeland Security to stay in contact with lead departments and municipalities to keep
tabs on project status.
Year 1:
• January 2024 – December 2024: Work on mitigation actions. Oakland County
Emergency Management and Homeland Security to stay in contact with lead
departments and municipalities to keep tabs on project status. Encourage plan
integration efforts.
• Fall/Winter 2024: Reconvene Steering Committee for an annual meeting. Discuss
opportunities for mitigation plan integration with other planning documents. Discuss
recent hazards. Update the status of projects. Host a public meeting.
Year 2:
• January 2025 – December 2025: Work on mitigation actions. Oakland County
Emergency Management and Homeland Security to stay in contact with lead
departments and municipalities to keep tabs on project status. Encourage plan
integration efforts.
• Fall/Winter 2025: Reconvene Steering Committee for an annual meeting. Discuss
opportunities for mitigation plan integration with other planning documents. Discuss
recent hazards. Update the status of projects. Host a public meeting.
Year 3:
• January 2026 – December 2026: Work on mitigation actions. Oakland County
Emergency Management and Homeland Security to stay in contact with lead
departments and municipalities to keep tabs on project status. Encourage plan
integration efforts.
• Summer/Fall 2026: Apply for Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities or
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds to update the next iteration of the mitigation
plan.
• Fall/Winter 2026: Reconvene Steering Committee for an annual meeting. Discuss
opportunities for mitigation plan integration with other planning documents. Discuss
recent hazards. Update the status of projects. Host a public meeting.
Year 4:
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 8 | Plan Maintenance | 8-5
• January 2027 – December 2027: Work on mitigation actions. Oakland County
Emergency Management and Homeland Security to stay in contact with lead
departments and municipalities to keep tabs on project status. Encourage plan
integration efforts.
• Update 2023 Hazard Mitigation Plan, including a series of meetings & public meetings.
Year 5:
• 2028: Submit 2028 Hazard Mitigation Plan for FEMA approval. Repeat.
8.4 Annual Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee
Planning Meetings
During each annual Steering Committee meeting, the Steering Committee will be responsible
for a brief evaluation of the 2023 Hazard Mitigation Plan and to review the progress on
mitigation actions.
8.4.1 Plan Evaluation
To evaluate the plan, the Steering Committee should answer the following questions:
• Are the goals still relevant?
• Is the risk assessment still appropriate, or has the nature of the hazard and/or
vulnerability changed over time?
• Are current resources appropriate for implementing this Plan?
• Have lead agencies participated as originally proposed?
• Has the public been adequately involved in the process? Are their comments being
heard?
• Have county departments and participating jurisdictions been integrating mitigation into
their planning documents?
If the answer to each of the above questions is “yes,” the plan evaluation is complete. If any
questions are answered with a “no,” the identified gap must be addressed.
8.4.2 Review of Mitigation Actions
Once the plan evaluation is complete, the Steering Committee will review the status of the
mitigation actions. To do so, the Steering Committee should answer the following questions:
• Have the mitigation actions been implemented as planned?
• Have outcomes been adequate?
• What problems have occurred in the implementation process?
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 8 | Plan Maintenance | 8-6
8.4.3 Meeting Documentation
Each annual Steering Committee meeting must be documented, including the plan evaluation
and review of mitigation actions. This may be done by survey or other means, as appropriate.
8.5 Implementation through Existing Programs
Hazard mitigation practices must be incorporated within existing plans, projects, and programs.
Therefore, the involvement of all departments, private non-profits, private industry, and
appropriate jurisdictions is necessary in order to find mitigation opportunities within existing or
planned projects and programs. To execute this, the Steering Committee will assist and
coordinate resources for the mitigation actions and provide strategic outreach to implement
mitigation actions that meet the goals identified in this Plan.
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services will incorporate the hazard
mi�ga�on plan and its concepts when formally reviewing municipal-level comprehensive plans
to ensure goals and strategies are aligned and integrated. Specifically, the Planning & Local
Business Development Division (PLBD) of the Department of Economic Development in Oakland
County will apply the following text to their future recommenda�ons regarding hazard
mi�ga�on for Master Plans during their review:
Incorporate a hazard mi�ga�on plan or elements that could be used in a hazard
mi�ga�on plan. Oakland County’s PLBD staff is making a deliberate effort to encourage
communi�es to consider the natural and manmade hazards and associated risks to
communi�es and integrate their hazard mi�ga�on priori�es and strategies into their
comprehensive Master Plans, when applicable. This is par�cularly relevant for hazard
mi�ga�on related to infrastructure, u�li�es, natural features, major assets, and historic
districts/structures that may be added to the Village’s Capital Improvement Program if
applicable or may represent FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) eligible
projects. Through FEMA, communi�es may be eligible for na�onally compe��ve,
annually awarded Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communi�es (BRIC) and Flood
Mi�ga�on Assistance (FMA) grants for planning and project work. Communi�es
responding to and recovering from major disasters or emergencies declared by the
President are also eligible for Public Assistance (PA) Funds for emergency work and
permanent infrastructure projects. Mi�ga�on opportuni�es resul�ng from declared
disasters, specifically through the Hazard Mi�ga�on Grant Program (HMGP), are a source
of poten�al funding following major disaster declara�ons. The 2023 Oakland County
Hazard Mi�ga�on Plan is available online through the Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland Security Department webpage at:
htps://www.oakgov.com/community/emergency-management/need-to-know/disaster-
planning/hazard-mi�ga�on-plan
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 8 | Plan Maintenance | 8-7
Addi�onally, mi�ga�on ac�ons were iden�fied to promote plan integra�on in future revisions of
this plan (See Volume II).
The following programs and plans have been iden�fied as having mi�ga�on implica�ons for all
par�cipa�ng jurisdic�ons of this plan. The dark box indicates the program is ac�ve in the
community. The lighter box indicates the community is eligible to par�cipate, and represents
an area of poten�al expansion, implementa�on and/or improvement, especially with respect to
hazard mi�ga�on integra�on.
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 1
Chapter 8 | Plan Maintenance | 8-8
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-1
Appendix A: Plan Participation and
Documentation
This appendix describes the methods the County used to involve stakeholders in the mitigation
planning process.
A.1 Mitigation Webinar Participation
Name Organization Title
Alan Maciag City of Northville Police Department Chief of Police
Amy Neary West Bloomfield Township Planning and Development Services
Director
Andrew
Pazuchowski
City of Huntington Woods Director of Public Safety
Ann Echols Rochester Hills Fire Department Captain / Assistant Fire Marshal
Bob Houhanisin Farmington Public Safety Director
Ed Haapala West Bloomfield Township Utilities Director
Eileen Harryvan* Southfield Township Clerk
Gregory Flynn West Bloomfield Township Fire Chief
Jerry Morawski Addison Township Fire Fire Chief
Jim O'Reilly Southfield Township Supervisor
Justin Taylor West Bloomfield Township Utilities Superintendent
Kim Chalifoux Southfield Township Treasurer
Kris D'Arcy West Bloomfield Township Executive Assistant to Steve Kaplan
Madeleine Daniels Associate Planner-GIS Oakland County
Matt Church City of Berkley Public Library Library Director
Mike Kamenec Oakland County EMA Emergency Management Coordinator
Mike McDonald Village of Leonard Village President
Paul Wells City of Birmingham Fire Chief
Richard Story City of Hazel Park Fire Chief
Robert Scripture West Bloomfield Township Assessing Director
Ryan Dividock Oakland County Supervisor - Planning, Zoning, and Land Use
Scott Berkseth City of Novi Police Department Emergency Management Coordinator
Teri Weingarden West Bloomfield Treasurer
Theresa
McArleton
City of Berkley Director of Parks and Recreation
Thomas Hardesty Oakland County EMA Director
Tony Averbuch Villages of Franklin, Bingham Farms, and
Southfield Township
Fire Chief
Kristin Kapelanski City of Berkley Development Director
James Breuckman City of Pleasant Ridge City Manager
Jennifer Curran West Bloomfield Police Dept. Dispatch Manager
Jill Martin City of Royal Oak
John Blanchard City of Berkley Emergency Manager
John Ellsworth Wolverine Lake Chief of Police
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-2
John Holland White Lake Township Fire Dept. Fire Chief
Phil Langmeyer Wixom Police Department Chief of Police
Matt Majestic* Oxford Fire Department Fire Chief
Michael Patton West Bloomfield Police Department Chief of Police
Scott McKee City of Lathrup Village Chief of Police / Emergency Manager
Sean O'Neil White Lake Township Community Development Director
Seth Greely West Bloomfield Fire Department Firefighter / Paramedic
Dale Young West Bloomfield Police Department Lieutenant
Curt Lawson West Bloomfield PD Deputy Chief
Tim Sikma City of Wixom Department of Public Works DPW Director
Brandy Siedlaczek Southfield Township Storm Water Manager
Brendan Brosnan Waterford Township Waterford EM
Byron Turnquist West Bloomfield Fire Department Fire Marshal
Christopher
Sederlund
South Lyon Police Department Lieutenant
David Cummins Royal Oak Fire Department Fire Chief
David Kwapis Brandon Fire Department/Brandon
Township
Fire Chief
Derek VanDam Waterford Township DPW DPW Superintendent
Douglas Baaki South Lyon Police Department Police Chief
Donald Green Milford Township Township Supervisor
Gary Wall Waterford Township Township Supervisor
James Neufeld City of Farmington Hills Fire Department EMC
Jeffrey Polkowski Waterford Township Superintendent of Planning and Zoning
Jim Schafer Oakland County Economic Development Senior Planner
John Cieslik Rochester Fire Department Fire Chief
Kevin Knauss Milford Police Department Lieutenant
Michael Moore Royal Oak Police Department Chief of Police
Patrick Stanton Royal Oak Police Department Deputy Chief of Police
Steve Brown City of Wixom City Manager
Brian Pankow Farmington Hills Fire Department Emergency Manager
Gerard Proctor West Bloomfield Fire Department EMS Captain
Mike Kamenec Oakland County Emergency Management Specialist
Christian Wuerth Village of Milford Village Manager
Sara Stoddard Oakland County Chief of Administrative Services, Oakland
County Health Division
Sam Montney OCHD EP Supervisor
Rachel
Witherspoon
Village of Milford Asst. to the Village Manager
Justin Beck City of Southfield Director of Homeland Security and
Emergency Preparedness
James Neufeld Farmington Hills Fire Department Fire Chief
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-3
A.2 Mitigation Workshops
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-4
A.2.1 Mitigation Workshop Documentation
Hazards
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-5
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-6
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-7
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-8
Mitigation Actions
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-9
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-10
A.2.2 Workshop Attendee List
The sign-in sheets for the workshops are available in Appendix D: Jurisdiction Participation &
Sign-in Sheets.
Name Organization Title
John Blanchard City of Berkley, MI Emergency Manager
Bridget Dean Berkley Mayor
Scott Berkseth City of Novi Emergency Management Coordinator
John Martin Novi Fire Department Assistant Fire Chief
Greg Lelito Madison Heights / City of Madison Heights Fire Chief
Aaron Filipski City of Royal Oak / Public Services and
Recreation
Director of Public Services and
Recreation
Jeffrey Herczeg City of Novi Director of Public Works
Greg Flynn West Bloomfield Twp. Fire Department Fire Chief
Brent LeMerise Madison Heights Police Department Police Chief
Matthew Majestic Oxford Fire Department Fire Chief
Jeff Derringer City of Royal Oak Supervisor
Randy Vesper Oxford Township/Village Fire Department Assistant Fire Chief
Jeffery Schiffman Clinton River Watershed Council Watershed Planner
Kim Chalifoux Southfield Township Treasurer
Eileen Harryvan Southfield Township Clerk
Tim Sikma City of Wixom DPW Director
Darin Page Oakland County EM Specialist
Mike Kamenec Oakland County EMA EM Specialist
Thomas Hardesty Oakland County EMHSD Director
David Feichtner Springfield Township Fire Chief
Rachel Witherspoon Village of Milford Assistant to the Village Manager
Christian Wuerth Village of Milford Village Manager
John Holland White Lake Township Fire Department Fire Chief
Jason Hanifen White Lake Township Fire Department Fire Marshall
Jerry Morawski Addison Twp and Village Leonard - Addison
Twp. Fire Department
Fire Chief
John Cieslik City of Rochester / Rochester Fire Department Fire Chief / Emergency Manager
David Kwapis Brandon Township and Village of Ortonville /
Brandon Fire Department
Fire Chief
Jason Wilton Brandon Fire Department / Building
Department
Fire Marshal
John Fedele City of Royal Oak Director of Recreation
Brendan Brosnan Waterford Township Emergency Management Coordinator
Cynthie Conrad South Lyon Fire Department Lieutenant
Chris Barnett Orion Township Township Supervisor
Lee Davis Beverly Hills Public Safety Department Deputy Chief
Aaron Whatley Charter Township of Orion Director of Parks, Recreation & Facilities
Jeremy Stubbs Auburn Hills Police Department Lieutenant
Matt Exley City of Royal Oak Superintendent of Facilities
Deb Walton Orion Township Planning and Zoning Clerk
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-11
Adam Massingill City of Auburn Hills Fire Department Fire Chief
Karen Mondora City of Farmington Hills Director of Public Services
Vikie Winn City of Farmington Hills Communications Director
Joe Valentine City of Farmington Hills Assistant City Manager
Matt Koehn City of Berkley Public Safety Director
Theresa McArleton City of Berkley Director of Parks and Recreation
Bryan Farmer City of Farmington Hills Special Services Deputy Director
Don Green Milford Township Township Supervisor
Corrigan O'Donohue Sylvan Lake Chief of Police
Teresa Jablonski City of Farmington Hills Assistant Finance Director
Charmaine Kettler-
Schmult
City of Farmington Hills PCD/Planning and
Community
Director of Planning and Community
Development
Tony Averbuch Franklin, Bingham Farms, and Southfield
Township
Fire Chief
Thomas Moore Milford Fire Department / Township Fire Chief
Erik Perdonik City of Farmington Hills City Planner
Ann Echols Rochester Hills Fire Department Captain / Assistant Fire Marshal
Joe Meier Oak Park Department of Public Safety Lieutenant / Fire Marshall
Richard Story Hazel Park Fire Department / City of Hazel Park Fire Chief
Christopher Sederlund South Lyon Police Department Lieutenant
Sgt. Chris Faught South Lyon Police Department Sergeant
Patrick Stanton City of Royal Oak Police Department Deputy Chief of Police
Reggie Madeline Charter Township of Lyon, Lyon Township Fire
Department
Assistant Chief
Bruce Harbin Charter Township of Lyon Fire Marshal
David Cummins Royal Oak Fire Dept. Fire Chief
Vince Sinacola Orion Township Water and Sewer Superintendent
Michael Moore Royal Oak Police Department Chief of Police
Ed Haapala West Bloomfield Township Utilities Director
Gary Mekjian City of Farmington Hills City Manager
Jill Martin City of Royal Oak Grants Coordinator - Management
Analyst
Dave Korponic Oakland County / Highland Twp Fire Training Captain
Andrew Pazuchowski Huntington Woods Department of Public Safety Director of Public Safety
Hank Berry Huntington Woods Planning Director
Derrick Schueller City of Farmington Hills / Public Works Superintendent
Julie Lyons Bricker Oakland County Sustainability Project Manager
James Neufeld City of Farmington Hills Assistant Emergency Manager -Retired
Sean O'Neil White Lake TWP Community Development Director
Brian Pankow City of Farmington Hills Emergency Manager
Michelle Aranowski City of Farmington Hills Central Services Director
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-12
A.2.3 Workshop Photos
Workshop on 7/17/2023
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-13
Workshop on 7/19/2023
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-14
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-15
Workshop on 7/20/2023
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-16
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-17
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix A
Appendix A | Plan Participation and Documentation | A-18
A.3 Other Meeting Documentation
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-1
Appendix B: Public Involvement
Activities and Documentation
Below are samples of public information and public involvement activities that were used
during the development of the Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan, including:
• Survey Results
• Public Meeting Announcements / News Releases
• Outreach Activities
B.1 Community Hazard Mitigation Survey
Please see Appendix C: Report for 2023 Oakland County and Municipality Hazard Mitigation
Questionnaire for the Community Hazard Mitigation Survey results.
B.1.1 Social Media Posts for Hazard Mitigation Community Survey
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-2
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-3
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-4
B.2 Public Meeting Announcements/News Releases
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-5
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-6
B.3 Public Meeting Documentation
B.3.1 Public Meeting
The sign-in sheet for the public meeting is available in Appendix D: Jurisdiction Participation &
Sign-in Sheets.
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-7
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-8
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-9
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-10
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-11
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-12
B.3.2 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan – A Draft Review
The Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan – A Draft Review meeting was held on September
27, 2023. For those that were not able to attend, a link to the video was made available.
• LINK TO VIDEO OF PUBLIC MEETING/PLANNERS GATHERING MEETING:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uDj68aYD7M
The attendee list is available in Appendix D: Jurisdiction Participation & Sign-in Sheets.
B.4 Public Outreach Activities & Draft Review
LINK TO PLAN ON ONLINE PLANNING SYSTEM FOR THE PUBLIC: https://mi-oakland-hs.isc-
cemp.com
For members of the public or stakeholders who do not have a unique username and password,
please use the following to access the plan:
• Username: public access
• Password: OaklandHMP#
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-13
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-14
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix B
Appendix B | Public Involvement Activities and Documentation | B-15
To facilitate an opportunity to comment on the draft and continued public involvement in the
planning process, the public has the opportunity to provide feedback and input. As future needs
and concerns arise, or if you would like to provide feedback regarding the latest version of the
Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan, please use the form below to provide your comments.
LINK TO FORM: https://integratedsolutions.wufoo.com/forms/comment-form-oakland-
county-mitigation-plan/
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-1 | Redacted Version
Appendix C: Report for 2023 Oakland
County and Municipality Hazard
Mitigation Questionnaire
NOTE: This is the redacted version of the questionnaire. Open-ended responses from the public were NOT
included in this version to ensure confidentiality and privacy.
Response Statistics
Count Percent
Complete 647 69.3
Partial 279 29.9
Disqualified 8 0.9
Total 934
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Disqualified
Partial
Complete
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-2 | Redacted Version
Do you live and/or work in Oakland County? Please select the best answer that
applies to your current situation.
Value Percent Count
Yes, I live in Oakland County 51.2% 450
Yes, I live and work in Oakland
County
39.0% 343
Yes, I live in Oakland County, but
work in another county
4.0% 35
Yes, I work in Oakland County, but
live in another county
4.6% 40
No, I do not live or work in Oakland
County
0.7% 6
Do Not Know 0.2% 2
Other 0.3% 3
Total 879
Yes, I live in
Oakland County
51%
Yes, I live and work
in Oakland County
39%
Yes, I
live in
Oakland
County,
but
work in
another
county
4%
Yes, I work
in Oakland
County, but
live in
another
county
5%
No, I do not
live or work
in Oakland
County
1%
Do Not Know
0%
Other
0%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-3 | Redacted Version
Approximately how many years have you lived in Oakland County, Michigan?
Value Percent Count
0-2 years 2.7% 22
3-5 years 5.7% 46
6-10 years 8.6% 70
11-20 years 12.2% 99
21 or more years 70.7% 575
Do Not Know 0.1% 1
Total 813
0-2 years
3%
3-5 years
6%
6-10 years
8%
11-20 years
12%
21 or more years
71%
Do Not Know
0%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-4 | Redacted Version
Approximately how many years have you worked in Oakland County, Michigan?
Value Percent Count
0-2 years 8.8% 33
3-5 years 10.9% 41
6-10 years 14.3% 54
11-20 years 18.3% 69
21 or more years 46.9% 177
Not Applicable 0.5% 2
Do Not Know 0.3% 1
Total 377
0-2 years
9%
3-5 years
11%
6-10 years
14%
11-20 years
18%
21 or more years
47%
Not Applicable
1%
Do Not Know
0%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-5 | Redacted Version
Please indicate which community in Oakland County you live in.
Value Percent Count
Addison Township 0.5% 4
City of Auburn Hills 0.9% 7
City of Berkley 1.7% 13
Village of Beverly Hills 0.7% 5
City of Birmingham 0.7% 5
Village of Bloomfield 0.1% 1
City of Bloomfield Hills 1.2% 9
Bloomfield Township 2.4% 18
Brandon Township 2.7% 20
City of Clarkston 1.6% 12
City of Clawson 1.6% 12
Commerce Township 2.5% 19
City of Farmington Hills 3.6% 27
City of Farmington 0.9% 7
City of Fenton 0.1% 1
City of Ferndale 2.5% 19
Village of Franklin 0.3% 2
City of Hazel Park 0.3% 2
Highland Township 1.2% 9
Holly Township 1.2% 9
Village of Holly 0.4% 3
Independence Township 2.3% 17
City of Farmington
Hills
4%
City of Rochester
Hills
13%
City of Royal Oak
13%
City of Troy
7%
Waterford
Township
8%
West Bloomfield
Township
3%
All Others
52%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-6 | Redacted Version
Village of Lake Orion 0.3% 2
City of Lathrup Village 0.3% 2
Village of Leonard 0.1% 1
Lyon Township 0.9% 7
City of Madison Heights 0.9% 7
Milford Township 0.3% 2
Village of Milford 0.4% 3
City of Northville 0.3% 2
Novi Township 0.4% 3
City of Novi 2.1% 16
City of Oak Park 0.9% 7
Oakland Township 1.3% 10
City of Orchard Lake 0.3% 2
Orion Township 1.9% 14
Village of Ortonville 0.1% 1
Oxford Township 2.9% 22
Village of Oxford 0.4% 3
City of Pleasant Ridge 0.3% 2
City of Pontiac 2.0% 15
City of Rochester Hills 12.6% 94
City of Rochester 0.9% 7
Rose Township 0.8% 6
City of Royal Oak 12.6% 94
City of South Lyon 0.9% 7
City of Southfield 1.3% 10
Southfield Township 0.1% 1
Springfield Township 1.5% 11
City of Sylvan Lake 0.5% 4
City of Troy 7.1% 53
City of Walled Lake 0.7% 5
Waterford Township 8.4% 63
West Bloomfield Township 3.2% 24
White Lake Township 2.9% 22
City of Wixom 0.3% 2
Not Applicable 0.1% 1
Prefer not to answer 0.3% 2
Total 748
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-7 | Redacted Version
Please indicate which community in Oakland County you work in.
Value Percent Count
Addison Township 0.3% 1
City of Auburn Hills 5.5% 20
City of Berkley 1.1% 4
Village of Beverly Hills 0.5% 2
Village of Bingham Farms 0.5% 2
City of Birmingham 1.6% 6
City of Bloomfield Hills 2.2% 8
Bloomfield Township 2.5% 9
Brandon Township 0.5% 2
City of Clarkston 1.1% 4
City of Clawson 1.4% 5
Commerce Township 0.8% 3
City of Farmington Hills 3.8% 14
City of Farmington 0.8% 3
City of Ferndale 1.6% 6
City of Hazel Park 0.3% 1
Highland Township 1.1% 4
Holly Township 0.5% 2
Independence Township 0.5% 2
City of Keego Harbor 0.3% 1
Lyon Township 0.3% 1
City of Madison Heights 1.4% 5
City of Auburn Hills
5%City of Farmington
Hills
4%City of Novi
4%
City of Pontiac
10%
City of Rochester
Hills
18%
City of Royal Oak
6%City of Southfield
4%
City of
Troy
7%
Waterford
Township
8%
All Others
34%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-8 | Redacted Version
Milford Township 1.1% 4
City of Northville 0.8% 3
Novi Township 0.3% 1
City of Novi 3.8% 14
City of Oak Park 0.5% 2
Oakland Township 0.5% 2
Orion Township 0.3% 1
Oxford Township 1.6% 6
City of Pleasant Ridge 0.3% 1
City of Pontiac 10.2% 37
City of Rochester Hills 17.6% 64
City of Rochester 1.9% 7
Rose Township 0.3% 1
City of Royal Oak 5.8% 21
City of South Lyon 0.5% 2
City of Southfield 3.8% 14
Southfield Township 0.5% 2
Springfield Township 0.8% 3
City of Sylvan Lake 0.3% 1
City of Troy 6.9% 25
City of Walled Lake 0.5% 2
Waterford Township 7.7% 28
West Bloomfield Township 1.4% 5
White Lake Township 1.1% 4
City of Wixom 0.5% 2
Other 0.8% 3
Not Applicable 0.8% 3
Prefer not to answer 0.3% 1
Total 364
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-9 | Redacted Version
Please indicate those activities you have done to prepare for emergencies and
disasters. Please select ALL that apply. I have…
Value Percent Count
an emergency preparedness plan 30.2% 227
flood Insurance 10.2% 77
72 hour kit/Disaster supply kit 28.6% 215
visited local government web site(s) for emergency preparedness
information
29.7% 223
an evacuation plan 24.5% 184
a weather radio 37.2% 280
signed up for the County emergency alert system (i.e., OakAlert) 58.0% 436
signed up for the municipal emergency alert system (i.e., from your
city)
36.3% 273
I have not done anything to prepare 12.9% 97
Other (please specify) 6.1% 46
Other (please specify) Count
REDACTED 1
Total 44
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Percent
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-10 | Redacted Version
Please indicate where you go to obtain emergency and disaster related
information? Please select ALL that apply.
Value Percent Count
Municipal government web sites
(Your city, village or township
government)
52.8% 397
County government web site 46.7% 351
State government web sites 40.0% 301
Federal government web sites
(example: www.fema.gov)
39.2% 295
Web search (example: bing.com,
google.com)
53.9% 405
Social media (example: Facebook,
Twitter, etc.)
39.4% 296
Voluntary organizations (example:
American Red Cross, Salvation
Army, etc.)
12.5% 94
Religious Organization 4.1% 31
Local English-speaking television 34.6% 260
Local English-speaking radio 21.3% 160
National News (Radio and
Television)
31.9% 240
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Percent
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-11 | Redacted Version
Print Media - English (example:
newspapers)
11.2% 84
Print Media - Spanish (example:
newspapers)
0.3% 2
Print Media - Arabic (example:
newspapers)
0.1% 1
Brochures and Newsletters 4.9% 37
Word of Mouth (example: friends,
family, co-workers)
31.3% 235
Other (please specify) 5.5% 41
Do Not Know 2.8% 21
Not Applicable 1.6% 12
Other (please specify) Count
REDACTED
Total 41
How do you prefer to receive emergency alerts? Please select ALL that apply.
Value Percent Count
Television 44.8% 338
Radio 33.2% 250
A weather radio 19.8% 149
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Percent
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-12 | Redacted Version
OakAlert 49.9% 376
Wireless Emergency Alert (similar
to Amber Alerts)
54.9% 414
Cell Phone -Text Message 84.2% 635
Automated Phone Call 24.0% 181
Oakland County Emergency
Management website
19.1% 144
Local government website 15.0% 113
Social media (example: Facebook,
Twitter, etc.)
23.5% 177
Smartphone Apps (ex. FEMA, Red
Cross, Weather Channel,
AccuWeather, etc.)
30.6% 231
Outdoor warning sirens 55.0% 415
News websites 17.1% 129
Word of Mouth (example: friends,
family, co-workers)
12.5% 94
Other (please specify) 1.9% 14
Do Not Know 0.8% 6
Not Applicable 0.4% 3
Other (please specify) Count
REDACTED
Total 14
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-13 | Redacted Version
Would you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither Agree
nor Disagree
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Do Not Know
Responses
Count Row % Count Row % Count Row % Count Row % Count Row
%
Count Row % Count
Oakland
County is
providing the
services
necessary to
prepare me
for a disaster.
52 6.9% 250 33.3% 260 34.6% 52 6.9% 21 2.8% 116 15.4% 751
I am familiar
with Oakland
County’s web
site and can
easily obtain
information
about
emergencies
and disasters.
57 7.7% 220 29.5% 202 27.1% 142 19.1% 54 7.2% 70 9.4% 745
During times
of emergency,
information
from Oakland
County is
provided in a
language or
format I can
understand.
245 32.8% 281 37.6% 114 15.2% 14 1.9% 5 0.7% 89 11.9% 748
I can easily
obtain
emergency
information
from Oakland
County in
times of crisis.
79 10.6% 221 29.7% 224 30.1% 41 5.5% 21 2.8% 157 21.1% 743
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-14 | Redacted Version
Please indicate how Oakland County, your city, and/or your township can better
assist you in preparing for emergencies and disasters (example: provide
preparedness materials in my language).
ResponseID Response
REDACTED REDACTED
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-15 | Redacted Version
If a disaster (i.e. snow storm) impacted Oakland County, knocking out
electricity and running water, would your household be able to manage on its
own for at least three (3) days? (Example: We have adequate food, water,
essential supplies, and heat; and access to backup power, if needed).
Value Percent Count
Yes 52.1% 391
Maybe 27.3% 205
No 18.9% 142
Do Not Know 1.6% 12
Total 750
Yes
52%
Maybe
27%
No
19%
Do Not Know
2%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-16 | Redacted Version
Do you believe that your household and/or place of business might ever be
threatened by the following hazards? Please rate what hazards present the
greatest risk.
• Low Risk = Low impact on threat to life and property damage
• Medium Risk = Medium impact on threat to life and property damage
• High Risk = High impact on threat to life and property damage
Low Risk
Medium Risk
High Risk
Not Applicable
Responses
Count Row % Count Row % Count Row % Count Row % Count
Civil Disorder/Riot 429 65.2% 160 24.3% 61 9.3% 8 1.2% 658
Active
Shooter/Assailant
250 37.8% 273 41.3% 132 20.0% 6 0.9% 661
Dam Failure 451 68.4% 43 6.5% 10 1.5% 155 23.5% 659
Drought 353 53.6% 217 32.9% 66 10.0% 23 3.5% 659
Earthquake 550 83.7% 43 6.5% 10 1.5% 54 8.2% 657
Extreme Cold
Incident
89 13.5% 289 43.8% 281 42.6% 1 0.2% 660
Extreme Heat
Incident
128 19.4% 325 49.2% 204 30.9% 3 0.5% 660
Flooding 272 41.5% 287 43.8% 88 13.4% 9 1.4% 656
Fog 266 40.4% 273 41.5% 113 17.2% 6 0.9% 658
Gas/Oil Shortages 221 33.6% 320 48.6% 113 17.2% 4 0.6% 658
Hazardous Materials
Release (example:
Chemical Spill)
248 37.5% 281 42.5% 125 18.9% 7 1.1% 661
Infrastructure
Failure (example:
Bridge Collapse)
295 44.8% 270 41.0% 77 11.7% 16 2.4% 658
Major
Transportation
Accident/Incident
185 28.0% 301 45.6% 167 25.3% 7 1.1% 660
Public Health
Emergency
(example:
Pandemic)
97 14.7% 317 47.9% 243 36.7% 5 0.8% 662
Radiological
Incident (i.e.,
Nuclear Power Plant
accident)
425 64.8% 137 20.9% 45 6.9% 49 7.5% 656
Severe Winter
Storm/Heavy
Snowfall/Ice Storm
30 4.5% 222 33.6% 406 61.4% 3 0.5% 661
Subsidence
(Sinkhole)
378 57.4% 218 33.1% 46 7.0% 16 2.4% 658
Terrorism Incident 381 57.8% 206 31.3% 65 9.9% 7 1.1% 659
Thunderstorms 65 9.8% 248 37.5% 346 52.3% 2 0.3% 661
Tornado and High
Winds
50 7.6% 329 49.7% 282 42.6% 1 0.2% 662
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-17 | Redacted Version
Utility Failure 64 9.7% 237 35.9% 357 54.1% 2 0.3% 660
Wildfires 454 68.8% 152 23.0% 23 3.5% 31 4.7% 660
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-18 | Redacted Version
Please select the answer that best describes your experience.
Value Percent Count
I have never experienced property
damage or loss from a disaster(s)
24.6% 163
I have experienced minor property
damage and loss from a disaster(s)
62.7% 416
I have experienced major property
damage and loss from a disaster(s)
11.8% 78
I have experienced catastrophic
property damage and loss from a
disaster(s) (i.e., total loss of
home/property).
0.9% 6
Total 663
I have never
experienced
property damage
or loss from a
disaster(s)
24%
I have experienced
minor property
damage and loss
from a disaster(s)
63%
I have experienced
major property
damage and loss
from a disaster(s)
12%
I have experienced
catastrophic
property damage
and loss from a
disaster(s) (i.e
1%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-19 | Redacted Version
If you have experienced any damage(s) or injury(ies) from a disaster, please list
the hazard(s) that caused the damages/losses and/or injuries (Example:
flooding, wind, winter storm)
ResponseID Response
REDACTED REDACTED
If you have experienced any damage(s) or injury(ies) from a disaster, please
indicate where this occurred (Example: my home, on a roadway or intersection,
at work, on vacation, etc.)
ResponseID Response
REDACTED REDACTED
If you have experienced any damage(s) or injury(ies) from a disaster, please
describe the damages and/or injuries. (Example: basement flooded, roof was
damaged, vehicle was damaged, broken bones, lacerations, etc.)
ResponseID Response
REDACTED REDACTED
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-20 | Redacted Version
Based on YOUR PERCEPTION of your community's hazards, to what degree of
emphasis would you expect your community to mitigate the following hazards?
Mitigation definition: The purpose of mitigation planning is to identify policies and actions that can be
implemented over the long term to reduce risk and future losses from emergencies and
disasters. Mitigation forms the foundation for a community's long-term strategy to reduce disaster losses,
such as loss of life and property damage.
• No Mitigation Needed = No mitigation on this hazard is expected or needed
• Low Priority = This hazard should be mitigated, but is not a high priority compared to other
hazards
• Medium Priority = It is important to mitigate this hazard
• High Priority = It is a high priority to emphasize mitigation for this hazard
No Mitigation
Needed
Low Priority
Medium Priority
High Priority
Responses
Count Row % Count Row % Count Row % Count Row % Count
Civil Disorder/Riot 92 14.3% 215 33.3% 158 24.5% 180 27.9% 645
Active
Shooter/Assailant
29 4.5% 81 12.5% 206 31.8% 331 51.2% 647
Dam Failure 315 48.9% 200 31.1% 76 11.8% 53 8.2% 644
Drought 168 26.0% 300 46.4% 132 20.4% 47 7.3% 647
Earthquake 305 47.1% 257 39.7% 49 7.6% 37 5.7% 648
Extreme Cold
Incident
30 4.6% 144 22.3% 255 39.5% 217 33.6% 646
Extreme Heat
Incident
34 5.3% 174 27.0% 259 40.2% 178 27.6% 645
Flooding 49 7.6% 192 29.7% 230 35.6% 175 27.1% 646
Fog 267 41.2% 278 42.9% 76 11.7% 27 4.2% 648
Gas/Oil Shortages 90 13.9% 233 35.9% 216 33.3% 110 16.9% 649
Hazardous Materials
Release (example:
Chemical Spill)
44 6.8% 159 24.5% 211 32.6% 234 36.1% 648
Infrastructure Failure
(example: Bridge
Collapse)
50 7.7% 167 25.8% 212 32.8% 218 33.7% 647
Major
Transportation
Accident/Incident
53 8.2% 156 24.1% 244 37.7% 194 30.0% 647
Public Health
Emergency
(example: Pandemic)
37 5.7% 106 16.4% 218 33.7% 286 44.2% 647
Radiological Incident
(i.e., Nuclear Power
Plant accident)
133 20.6% 239 36.9% 104 16.1% 171 26.4% 647
Severe Winter
Storm/Heavy
Snowfall/Ice Storm
14 2.2% 69 10.7% 219 34.0% 342 53.1% 644
Subsidence
(Sinkhole)
137 21.2% 272 42.1% 159 24.6% 78 12.1% 646
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-21 | Redacted Version
Terrorism Incident 71 11.0% 186 28.7% 172 26.5% 219 33.8% 648
Thunderstorms 60 9.3% 190 29.4% 191 29.6% 205 31.7% 646
Tornado and High
Winds
15 2.3% 118 18.3% 244 37.8% 269 41.6% 646
Utility Failure 14 2.2% 64 9.9% 185 28.7% 382 59.2% 645
Wildfires 174 26.9% 272 42.1% 117 18.1% 83 12.8% 646
If an evacuation was ordered for your area, please indicate how likely you would
be to do the following.
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Not Very Likely
Not Likely at All
Do Not Know
Not Applicable
Count Row % Count Row % Count Row % Count Row % Count Row % Count Row %
Immediately
evacuate as
instructed.
332 51.4% 214 33.1% 42 6.5% 24 3.7% 32 5.0% 2 0.3%
I would first
consult with
family and
friends outside
my household
before making a
decision to
evacuate.
223 35.1% 195 30.7% 100 15.7% 95 14.9% 12 1.9% 11 1.7%
Wait and see
how bad the
situation is
going to be
before deciding
to evacuate.
91 14.4% 200 31.5% 166 26.2% 148 23.3% 23 3.6% 6 0.9%
Refuse to
evacuate no
matter what.
13 2.1% 17 2.7% 91 14.4% 453 71.5% 44 6.9% 16 2.5%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-22 | Redacted Version
What might prevent you from leaving your place of residence if there was an
evacuation order? Please select ALL that apply.
Value Percent Count
Pet 36.1% 232
Livestock 1.6% 10
Job 12.3% 79
Need to care for another adult 13.4% 86
Need to care for children 12.6% 81
Spouse/Significant Other won’t
leave
16.2% 104
Need to stay and protect property 24.6% 158
Concerned for safety if I leave 45.3% 291
Lack of money 17.3% 111
No place to go 29.3% 188
No transportation 4.5% 29
Traffic 33.8% 217
Lack of gas/fuel for vehicle 23.8% 153
Disability/Health Issues 11.5% 74
Other (please specify) 4.7% 30
No obstacles would prevent me
from evacuating
22.0% 141
I would refuse to evacuate no
matter what
1.2% 8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Percent
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-23 | Redacted Version
Other (please specify) Count
REDACTED REDACTED
Total 30
If you were to evacuate, where would you most likely stay? Please select the
best answer.
Value Percent Count
Shelter/evacuation center 3.5% 23
Church or place of worship 1.5% 10
Workplace 0.8% 5
Home of a friend or relative 50.2% 325
Hotel/motel 22.1% 143
Do not know 16.4% 106
Other (please specify) 5.6% 36
Total 648
Other (please specify) Count
REDACTED REDACTED
Total 36
Shelter/evacuation
center
3%
Church or place of
worship
2%Workplace
1%
Home of a friend or
relative
50%Hotel/motel
22%
Do not know
16%
Other (please
specify)
6%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-24 | Redacted Version
In an evacuation, would you or anyone in your household require special
assistance? Examples include, but are not limited to: medical assistance,
transportation, sheltering, language translation, support for service animals,
etc.
Value Percent Count
Yes 12.0% 78
Maybe 15.3% 99
No 64.7% 419
Do not know 5.6% 36
Not applicable 1.4% 9
Other 1.1% 7
Total 648
Other Count
REDACTED REDACTED
Total 7
Yes
12%
Maybe
15%
No
65%
Do not
know
6%
Not applicable
1%
Other
1%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-25 | Redacted Version
If yes, would that assistance be provided by someone within your household, by
an outside agency, or by a friend or relative outside your household?
Value Percent Count
Within household 33.7% 59
Friend/Relative (outside
household)
19.4% 34
Outside Agency 5.7% 10
Do not know 37.1% 65
Not applicable 2.3% 4
Other 1.7% 3
Total 175
Other Count
REDACTED REDACTED
Total 3
Within household
34%
Friend/Relative
(outside
household)
19%
Outside Agency
6%
Do not know
37%
Not applicable
2%
Other
2%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-26 | Redacted Version
If applicable, please indicate what kind of outside assistance your household
may need during an evacuation (i.e. Transportation, Medical, etc.)
ResponseID Response
REDACTED REDACTED
What type of structure do you live in?
Value Percent Count
Detached single family home 87.6% 565
Duplex, triplex, quadruple home 1.4% 9
Multi-family building – 2 stories or
more (apartment/condo)
6.5% 42
Mobile home 1.9% 12
Manufactured home 0.5% 3
Some other type of structure 0.3% 2
Not Applicable 0.5% 3
Other (please specify) 1.4% 9
Total 645
Other (please specify) Count
REDACTED REDACTED
Total 9
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-27 | Redacted Version
Which of the following best describes your race/ethnicity? Please select ALL
that apply.
Value Percent Count
American Indian or Alaska Native 1.7% 11
Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.3% 2
Asian or Asian American 1.9% 12
Black or African American 3.3% 21
Middle Eastern 1.4% 9
North African Origin 0.2% 1
Hispanic or Latino 2.5% 16
White or Caucasian 87.0% 551
Other (please specify) 1.9% 12
Not applicable 6.2% 39
Other (please specify) Count
REDACTED REDACTED
Total 12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percent
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-28 | Redacted Version
Please indicate the language(s) spoken in your household. Please select ALL
that apply.
Value Percent Count
English 97.5% 623
Spanish 3.1% 20
Arabic 0.5% 3
Asian and Pacific Island language 0.8% 5
Other (please specify) 2.7% 17
Not applicable 2.0% 13
Other (please specify) Count
REDACTED REDACTED
Total 17
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
English Spanish Arabic Asian and
Pacific Island
language
Other (please
specify)
Not applicablePercent
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-29 | Redacted Version
(OPTIONAL): Of the following, which best fits your gender identity (select all
that apply)?
Value Percent Count
Male 34.6% 213
Female 56.1% 345
Non-Binary 0.7% 4
Other: Prefer to Self-Describe 1.3% 8
Prefer not to answer 3.6% 22
Not Applicable 3.7% 23
Total 615
Other: Prefer to Self-Describe Count
REDACTED REDACTED
Total 8
Male
35%
Female
56%
Non-Binary
1%
Other: Prefer to
Self-Describe
1%
Prefer not to
answer
3%
Not Applicable
4%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-30 | Redacted Version
(OPTIONAL): Do you or anyone in your household have a disability, such as
hearing/vision loss, PTSD, use of mobility assistive device, cognitive
difficulties, autism, etc.?
Value Percent Count
Yes 27.2% 168
No 63.0% 389
Other: Please describe 2.3% 14
Prefer not to answer 4.4% 27
Not Applicable 3.1% 19
Total 617
Other: Please describe Count
REDACTED REDACTED
Total 14
Yes
27%
No
63%
Other: Please
describe
2%
Prefer not to
answer
5%
Not Applicable
3%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix C
Appendix C | Community Survey | C-31 | Redacted Version
(OPTIONAL): What was your total household income in the past 12 months?
Income includes: wages, salary, commission, bonuses, tips, income from
investments, social security, retirement income, child support or alimony, and
cash benefits.
Value Percent Count
$0 - $24,999 2.7% 16
$25,000 - $49,999 6.0% 36
$50,000 - $74,999 10.5% 63
$75,000 - $99,999 12.5% 75
$100,000 and above 38.0% 227
Prefer not to answer 25.8% 154
Not Applicable 4.5% 27
Total 598
$0 - $24,999
3%$25,000 - $49,999
6%
$50,000 - $74,999
10%
$75,000 - $99,999
12%
$100,000 and
above
38%
Prefer not to
answer
26%
Not Applicable
5%
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix D
Appendix D | Jurisdiction Participation & Sign-in Sheets | D-1
Appendix D: Jurisdiction Participation &
Sign-in Sheets (FOUO)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix E
Appendix E | Maps | E-1 | FOUO
Appendix E: Maps (FOUO)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-1
Appendix F: Disadvantaged
Communities
Figure F-110. Oakland County Census Tract 26125135000
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125135000 3,842 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Low Life Expectancy (95th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-2
Figure F-111. Oakland County Census Tract 26125140900
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125140900 5,419 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Asthma (92nd)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (95th), Wastewater Discharge Within 500 meters (92nd)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-3
Figure F-112. Oakland County Census Tract 26125141000
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125141000 5,225 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (95th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-4
Figure F-113. Oakland County Census Tract 26125141100
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125141100 2,984 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (93rd)
Workforce Development Unemployment (92nd), Less Than High School Education (15%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-5
Figure F-114. Oakland County Census Tract 26125141200
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125141200 3,136 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (98th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (94th), Low Life Expectancy (99th)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (99th), At or Below 100% Poverty Level (98th), Unemployment 94th), Less
Than High School Education (22%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-6
Figure F-115. Oakland County Census Tract 26125141300
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125141300 3,719 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Asthma (91st), Low Life Expectancy (94th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (94th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-7
Figure F-116. Oakland County Census Tract 26125141400
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125141400 4,626 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (94th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (91st)
Workforce Development Unemployment (95th), Less Than High School Education (25%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-8
Figure F-117. Oakland County Census Tract 26125141500
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125141500 6,378 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (91st), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (91st)
Housing Historic underinvestment - Census tracts with historically high barriers to accessing home loans
Workforce Development Unemployment (93rd), Less Than High School Education (18%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-9
Figure F-118. Oakland County Census Tract 26125141600
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125141600 4,485 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Energy Average annual energy costs divided by household income (90th)
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (95th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (90th), Low Life Expectancy (98th)
Housing Lack of Indoor Plumbing (96th), Lead Paint (92nd)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (91st)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (94th)
Workforce Development Poverty (91st), Unemployment (96th), Less Than High School Education (21%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-10
Figure F-119. Oakland County Census Tract 26125141700
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125141700 2,268 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Energy Average annual energy costs divided by household income (93rd)
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (97th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (90th)
Housing Share of homes without indoor kitchens or plumbing (98th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (95th)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (92nd), At or Below 100% Poverty Level (95th), Unemployment 91st), Less
Than High School Education (26%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-11
Figure F-120. Oakland County Census Tract 26125142000
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125142000 2,348 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Energy Average annual energy costs divided by household income (90th)
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (97th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (92nd), Low life expectancy (96th)
Housing Share of homes that are likely to have lead paint (95th)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (93rd)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (95th)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (95th), At or Below 100% Poverty Level (95th), Unemployment 91st), Less Than
High School Education (13%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-12
Figure F-121. Oakland County Census Tract 26125142100
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125142100 1,584 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Energy Average annual energy costs divided by household income (95th)
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (97th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (93rd), Low Life Expectancy (91st)
Housing Share of homes that are likely to have lead paint (95th)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (94th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (92nd)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (92nd), At or Below 100% Poverty Level (92nd), Unemployment 98th), Less
Than High School Education (27%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-13
Figure F-122. Oakland County Census Tract 26125142200
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125142200 2,764 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Energy Average annual energy costs divided by household income (94th)
Health
Share of people who have been told they have asthma (99th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (98th), Heart Disease (94th), Low
Life Expectancy (99th)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (92nd)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (96th)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (99th), Poverty (94th), Unemployment (93rd), Less Than High School Education
(17%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-14
Figure F-123. Oakland County Census Tract 26125142300
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125142300 2,307 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Energy Average annual energy costs divided by household income (92nd)
Health
Share of people who have been told they have asthma (99th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (99th), Share of people ages 18
years and older who have been told they have heart disease (98th)
Housing Historic underinvestment - Census tract has historically high barriers to accessing home loans
Transportation Average of relative cost and time spent on transportation (90th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (92nd)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (99th), At or Below 100% Poverty Level (98th), Unemployment 96th), Less
Than High School Education (24%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-15
Figure F-124. Oakland County Census Tract 26125142400
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125142400 3,428 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (98th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (97th), Low Life Expectancy (98th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (98th)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (91st), Less Than High School Education (21%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-16
Figure F-125. Oakland County Census Tract 26125142600
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125142600 3,539 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Housing Share of homes that are likely to have lead paint (95th)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (92nd)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (98th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-17
Figure F-126. Oakland County Census Tract 26125142700
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125142700 3,797 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (98th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (96th), Low Life Expectancy (96th)
Housing Historic underinvestment - Census tract has historically high barriers to accessing home loans
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (94th)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (92nd), Unemployment 94th), Less Than High School Education (12%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-18
Figure F-127. Oakland County Census Tract 26125144701
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125144701 3,830 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Housing Lack of indoor plumbing (95th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (96th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-19
Figure F-128. Oakland County Census Tract 26125160300
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125160300 3,001 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (94th)
Housing Share of households making less than 80% of the area median family income and spending more
than 30% of income on housing (96th)
Legacy Pollution Presence of one or more Formerly Used Defense Site within the tract
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (97th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-20
Figure F-129. Oakland County Census Tract 26125160400
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125160400 2,816 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (94th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (92nd)
Housing Share of households making less than 80% of the area median family income and spending more
than 30% of income on housing (93rd)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (98th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (95th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-21
Figure F-130. Oakland County Census Tract 26125161400
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125161400 4,032 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health
Share of people who have been told they have asthma (94th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (96th), Share of people ages 18
years and older who have been told they have heart disease (97th)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (98th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-22
Figure F-131. Oakland County Census Tract 26125162400
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125162400 2,289 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (90th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-23
Figure F-132. Oakland County Census Tract 26125171300
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125171300 3,356 FALSE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Workforce Development Unemployment (90th), Less Than High School Education (12%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-24
Figure F-133. Oakland County Census Tract 26125171500
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125171500 5,194 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (96th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (91st)
Housing Share of homes that are likely to have lead paint (91st)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-25
Figure F-134. Oakland County Census Tract 26125171600
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125171600 2,061 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (97th), Low Life Expectancy (97th)
Housing Share of households making less than 80% of the area median family income and spending more
than 30% of income on housing (94th), Lack of Green Space (90th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (93rd)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (90th), Less Than High School Education (16%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-26
Figure F-135. Oakland County Census Tract 26125172400
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125172400 1,651 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (96th)
Housing Share of households making less than 80% of the area median family income and spending more
than 30% of income on housing (94th), Lack of Green Space (96th)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (99th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-27
Figure F-136. Oakland County Census Tract 26125172500
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125172500 2,411 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health
Share of people who have been told they have asthma (98th), Share of people ages 18 years and
older who have diabetes other than diabetes during pregnancy (97th), Share of people ages 18
years and older who have been told they have heart disease (90th)
Housing
Historic underinvestment - Census tracts with historically high barriers to accessing home loans,
Share of households making less than 80% of the area median family income and spending more
than 30% of income on housing (91st)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (94th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (97th)
Workforce Development Low Median Income (94th), Less Than High School Education (16%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-28
Figure F-137. Oakland County Census Tract 26125175100
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125175100 5,169 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (91st)
Housing Historic underinvestment - Census tracts with historically high barriers to accessing home loans
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (96th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (95th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-29
Figure F-138. Oakland County Census Tract 26125175200
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125175200 3,910 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (93rd)
Housing Historic underinvestment - Census tracts with historically high barriers to accessing home loans
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (97th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (95th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-30
Figure F-139. Oakland County Census Tract 26125175300
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125175300 4,314 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Health Share of people who have been told they have asthma (91st), Low Life Expectancy (96th)
Housing Historic underinvestment - Census tracts with historically high barriers to accessing home loans
Legacy Pollution Count of Risk Management Plan (RMP) facilities within 5 kilometers (90th)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (97th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (94th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-31
Figure F-140. Oakland County Census Tract 26125181000
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125181000 3,875 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Climate Change Projected risk to properties from projected floods, from tides, rain, riverine and storm surges
within 30 years (92nd)
Housing Share of households making less than 80% of the area median family income and spending more
than 30% of income on housing (91st), Lack of Green Space (94th)
Legacy Pollution Count of hazardous waste facilities within 5 kilometers (93rd)
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (96th)
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (94th)
Workforce Development Linguistic Isolation - Share of households where no one over age 14 speaks English very well
(95th), Less Than High School Education (22%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-32
Figure F-141. Oakland County Census Tract 26125181300
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125181300 6,002 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Waste & Wastewater Underground storage tanks and releases (90th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-33
Figure F-142. Oakland County Census Tract 26125181600
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125181600 5,236 TRUE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Housing Historic underinvestment - Census tracts with historically high barriers to accessing home loans
Transportation Count of vehicles at major roads within 500 meters (94th)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Appendix F
Appendix F | Disadvantaged Communities | F-34
Figure F-143. Oakland County Census Tract 26125198100
OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN
CLIMATE & ECONOMIC JUSTICE SCREENING TOOL - DISADVANTAGED CENSUS TRACT
CENSUS TRACT 2010 ID CENSUS TRACT POPULATION LOW INCOME
TRACT?
26125198100 2,696 FALSE
BURDEN DESCRIPTION AND REPORTED DATA
Workforce Development Linguistic Isolation - Share of households where no one over age 14 speaks English very well
(93rd), Low Median Income (92%)
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality – Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (2023)
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Table of Contents
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ................................................................................. 12
1. Oakland County ...................................................................................................... 15
Community Profile and Description ..................................................................................... 15
Hazards ................................................................................................................................. 15
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ........................................................................................ 15
2. Addison Township ................................................................................................... 46
Community Profile and Description ..................................................................................... 46
Hazards ................................................................................................................................. 46
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ........................................................................................ 47
3. City of Auburn Hills .................................................................................................. 53
Community Profile and Description ..................................................................................... 53
Hazards ................................................................................................................................. 53
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ........................................................................................ 54
4. City of Berkley ......................................................................................................... 60
Community Profile and Description ..................................................................................... 60
Hazards ................................................................................................................................. 60
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ........................................................................................ 61
5. Village of Beverly Hills .............................................................................................. 74
Community Profile and Description ..................................................................................... 74
Hazards ................................................................................................................................. 74
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ........................................................................................ 76
6. Village of Bingham Farms ......................................................................................... 83
Community Profile and Description ..................................................................................... 83
Hazards ................................................................................................................................. 83
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ........................................................................................ 84
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7. City of Birmingham .................................................................................................. 90
Community Profile and Description ..................................................................................... 90
Hazards ................................................................................................................................. 90
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ........................................................................................ 90
8. Bloomfield Township ............................................................................................... 96
Community Profile and Description ..................................................................................... 96
Hazards ................................................................................................................................. 96
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ........................................................................................ 97
9. City of Bloomfield Hills ........................................................................................... 103
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 103
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 103
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 105
10. Brandon Township............................................................................................... 110
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 110
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 110
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 111
11. City of Clarkston .................................................................................................. 117
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 117
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 117
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 117
12. City of Clawson ................................................................................................... 123
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 123
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 123
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 124
13. Commerce Township ........................................................................................... 131
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 131
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Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 131
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 132
14. City of Farmington ............................................................................................... 138
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 138
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 138
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 140
15. City of Farmington Hills ........................................................................................ 145
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 145
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 145
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 146
16. City of Ferndale ................................................................................................... 154
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 154
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 154
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 155
17. Village of Franklin ................................................................................................ 162
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 162
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 162
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 163
18. Groveland Township ............................................................................................ 172
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 172
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 172
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 172
19. City of Hazel Park ................................................................................................ 178
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 178
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 178
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 179
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20. Highland Township .............................................................................................. 185
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 185
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 185
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 186
21. Holly Township .................................................................................................... 191
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 191
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 191
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 192
22. Village Of Holly .................................................................................................... 202
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 202
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 202
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 203
23. City of Huntington Woods .................................................................................... 211
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 211
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 211
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 212
24. Independence Township ...................................................................................... 218
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 218
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 218
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 218
25. City of Keego Harbor ............................................................................................ 225
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 225
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 225
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 226
26. City of Lake Angelus ............................................................................................. 231
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 231
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Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 231
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 231
27. Village of Lake Orion ............................................................................................ 236
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 236
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 236
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 236
28. City of Lathrup Village .......................................................................................... 244
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 244
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 244
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 245
29. Village of Leonard ................................................................................................ 250
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 250
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 250
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 251
30. Lyon Township .................................................................................................... 256
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 256
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 256
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 256
31. City of Madison Heights ....................................................................................... 263
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 263
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 263
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 264
32. Milford Township ................................................................................................ 278
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 278
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 278
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 279
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33. Village of Milford ................................................................................................. 285
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 285
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 285
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 286
34. City of Northville ................................................................................................. 290
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 290
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 290
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 291
35. City of Novi ......................................................................................................... 298
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 298
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 298
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 299
36. Novi Township .................................................................................................... 305
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 305
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 305
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 305
37. City of Oak Park ................................................................................................... 310
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 310
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 310
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 311
38. Oakland Township ............................................................................................... 318
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 318
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 318
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 318
39. City of Orchard Lake ............................................................................................ 323
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 323
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Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 323
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 324
40. Orion Township ................................................................................................... 330
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 330
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 330
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 331
41. Village of Ortonville ............................................................................................. 337
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 337
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 337
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 338
42. Oxford Township ................................................................................................. 344
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 344
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 344
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 345
43. Village of Oxford.................................................................................................. 351
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 351
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 351
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 351
44. City of Pleasant Ridge .......................................................................................... 356
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 356
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 356
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 357
45. City of Pontiac ..................................................................................................... 362
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 362
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 362
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 363
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46. City of Rochester ................................................................................................. 370
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 370
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 370
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 371
47. City of Rochester Hills .......................................................................................... 380
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 380
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 380
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 381
48. Rose Township .................................................................................................... 391
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 391
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 391
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 392
49. City of Royal Oak ................................................................................................. 398
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 398
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 398
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 399
50. Royal Oak Township ............................................................................................ 424
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 424
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 424
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 424
51. City of South Lyon ............................................................................................... 430
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 430
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 430
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 431
52. City of Southfield ................................................................................................. 436
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 436
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Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 436
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 437
53. Southfield Township ............................................................................................ 450
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 450
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 450
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 451
54. Springfield Township ........................................................................................... 453
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 453
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 453
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 454
55. City of Sylvan Lake ............................................................................................... 460
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 460
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 460
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 461
56. City of Troy ......................................................................................................... 466
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 466
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 466
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 467
57. City of Walled Lake .............................................................................................. 474
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 474
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 474
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 476
58. Waterford Township ............................................................................................ 482
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 482
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 482
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 483
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59. West Bloomfield Township ................................................................................... 493
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 493
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 493
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 494
60. White Lake Township ........................................................................................... 502
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 502
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 502
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 503
61. City of Wixom ..................................................................................................... 514
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 514
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 514
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 514
62. Village of Wolverine Lake ..................................................................................... 521
Community Profile and Description ................................................................................... 521
Hazards ............................................................................................................................... 521
Mitigation Strategies and Actions ...................................................................................... 521
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Mitigation Strategies and Actions
The heart of the mitigation plan is the mitigation strategy, which serves as the long-term
blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation
strategy describes how the community will accomplish the overall purpose, or mission, of
the planning process. In this section, mitigation actions/projects were updated/amended,
identified, evaluated, and prioritized.
The Mitigation Actions and Projects from the County and Municipalities are included in the
following Volumes:
Volume II (This document):
• County Mitigation Actions (County Departments and Mitigation Actions that Apply to
the County and All Participating Municipalities)
• Municipal Mitigation Actions (Cities, Townships, and Villages)
Each entities’ Mitigation Actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed Mitigation Actions - Completed actions since 2005
The Action Plan for each mitigation project is presented in a table format. The table is
designed to capture important details intended to support the implementation of the
project. It is also designed to facilitate and encourage the annual review and maintenance of
each mitigation action by allowing the Lead Agency/Organization to document the yearly
status of the project prior to and/or during the Annual Steering Committee meeting.
Table: Action Plan
Mitigation Action:
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
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Hazard(s) Mitigated
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Mitigation Strategy/Action Timeline Parameters
While the preference is to provide definitive project completion dates, this is not possible
for every mitigation strategy/action. Therefore, the parameters for the timeline (Projected
Completion Date) are as follows:
• Short-term—To be completed in 1 to 5 years
• Long-term—To be completed in greater than 5 years
• Ongoing—Currently being implemented under existing programs but without a
definite completion date
Mitigation Strategy/Action Benefit Analysis Parameters
Benefit ratings are defined as follows:
• High—Project will provide an immediate reduction of risk exposure for life and
property.
• Medium—Project will have a long-term impact on the reduction of risk exposure for
life and property, or project will provide an immediate reduction in the risk exposure
for property.
• Low—Long-term benefits of the project are difficult to quantify in the short term.
Mitigation Strategy/Action Estimated Cost Parameters
While the preference is to provide definitive costs (dollar figures) for each mitigation
strategy/action, this is not possible for every mitigation strategy/action. Therefore, the
estimated costs for the mitigation initiatives identified in this plan are identified as high,
medium, or low, using the following ranges:
• High—Existing funding will not cover the cost of the project; implementation would
require new revenue through an alternative source (e.g., bonds, grants, and fee
increases).
• Medium—The project could be implemented with existing funding but would require
a re-apportionment of the budget or a budget amendment, or the cost of the project
would have to be spread over multiple years.
• Low—The project could be funded under the existing budget or with staff time. The
project is part of or can be part of an ongoing existing program.
Mitigation Strategy/Action Prioritization Process and Priority & Level of Importance
The action plan must be prioritized according to a benefit/cost analysis of the proposed
projects and their associated costs (44 CFR, Section 201.6(c)(3)(iii)). The benefits of
proposed projects were weighed against estimated costs as part of the project prioritization
process. The benefit/cost analysis was not of the detailed variety required by FEMA for
project grant eligibility under the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and Building
Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) grant program. A less formal approach was
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used because some projects may not be implemented for up to 10 years, and associated
costs and benefits could change dramatically in that time. Therefore, a review of the
apparent benefits versus the apparent cost of each project was conducted. Parameters
were established for assigning subjective ratings (high, medium, and low) to the costs and
benefits of these projects.
The priorities are defined as follows:
• High—A project that addressed numerous goals or hazards, has benefits that exceed
cost, has funding secured or is an ongoing project, and/or meets eligibility
requirements for the HMGP or BRIC grant program. High priority projects can typically
be completed in the short term (1 to 5 years).
• Medium—A project that addressed multiple goals and hazards, that has benefits that
exceed costs, and for which funding has not been secured but that is grant eligible
under HMGP, BRIC, or other grant programs. The project can be completed in the
short term once funding is secured. Medium priority projects will become high priority
projects once funding is secured.
• Low—A project that will address few or no goals, mitigate the risk of one or few
hazards, has benefits that do not exceed the costs or are difficult to quantify, for
which funding has not been secured, that is not eligible for HMGP or BRIC grant
funding, and for which the timeline for completion is long term (1 to 10 years). Low
priority projects may be eligible for other sources of grant funding from other
programs.
For many of the strategies identified in this action plan, the partners may seek financial
assistance under the BRIC, HMGP or other HMA programs, all of which may require detailed
benefit/cost analyses. These analyses will be performed on projects at the time of
application using the FEMA benefit-cost model. For projects not seeking financial assistance
from grant programs that require detailed analysis, the partners reserve the right to define
“benefits” according to parameters that meet the goals of this plan.
To further support the prioritization process, all new mitigation actions were required to
undergo the STAPLEE assessment, which includes seven criteria for evaluating a mitigation
action: Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Economic, and Environmental. The
STAPLEE method provides a systematic approach that considers the opportunities and
constraints of implementing a particular mitigation action. Each criterion is ranked from 1
(strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) and calculated by adding together all seven criteria.
The STAPLEE scoring worksheet is provided below.
The STAPLEE score and past feasibility analyses for past mitigation projects informed the
Priority and Level of Importance score for each mitigation project.
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1. Oakland County
Community Profile and Description
Oakland County’s community profile and description is presented in Volume I: Community
Profile.
Hazards
Oakland County’s hazards are profiled in Volume I: Hazard Profile & Risk Assessment.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
The Mitigation Actions and Projects from the County are included in this section:
• County Mitigation Actions (County Departments and Mitigation Actions that Apply to
the County and All Participating Municipalities)
Each jurisdiction's mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed Mitigation Actions - Completed actions since 2005
New Mitigation Actions
Oakland County EOC Saferoom and Secondary Power
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County, Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
$40,000,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC Project Funding, Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2027
Actual Completion Date N/A
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Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Oakland County has completed the planning phase of
constructing a new, state-of-the-art, Emergency
Operations Center (EOC). The EOC will also house the
county's 911 dispatch center, and a public meeting space.
BRIC project funding would be utilized to enhance and
harden the structural integrity of the designed EOC to
withstand severe weather conditions, including tornadoes
and high wind events. Integration of secondary power
sources to ensure continuity of operations for the new
construction is also part of the proposed BRIC project.
Facilities such as this are complex and technologically
sophisticated, and more importantly designed and
engineered to withstand high wind velocities resistant to
airborne debris.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Plan, Design and Implement Green Infrastructure Projects in the County
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Clinton River Watershed Council, Oakland County
Community Development
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations other watersheds: Huron River Council, Friends of
the Rouge
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased resilience
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Clinton River Watershed Council works with
government partners on resilience and green
infrastructure projects - from planning to design
and implementations from large scale to small
scale.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
New project
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Install additional outdoor warning sirens
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security and individual municipalities
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Cost for sirens and installation, staff time and repair and
maintenance. The anticipated level of expenditures would
include 3 sirens per year from Oakland County funding
and an additional 2 grant-funded sirens per year.
Potential Funding Source County and municipal general funds, public/private
partnerships, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Saving lives, protecting property and enhancing public
education regarding what early weather warning systems
are available and the actions to take. Full County siren
coverage could save lives by providing early warning in
areas not currently served.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period. It is anticipated
that up to 25 sirens would be installed throughout the 5-
year Plan period. A total of 35 new sirens are required for
complete coverage across Oakland County.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
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Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Install additional outdoor warning sirens in the community
and enhance and maintain early weather warning/alert
systems and networks.
The Oakland County Emergency Management and
Homeland Security will continue to study population
densities and identify locations for new sirens, meet with
community representatives to obtain buy-in and funding
commitments and request Oakland County Board of
Commissioner’s approval for County cost-share.
Initiatives Needed:
The County will continue to maintain and improve
proactive public information programs to instruct the
public regarding the proper response to emergency
situations, including how and where to get information
(e.g. Early Weather Warning System [sirens], Emergency
Alert Notification System, NOAA, Emergency Alert
System). The County will also continue to review adjacent
county operating guidelines to improve coordination for
activating early weather warning systems when an
adjoining county (or community) has an incident that
could impact Oakland County, study demographic shifts
to assure warning system coverage and install devices as
needed.
The County will continue ongoing communication with
municipalities to assess needs, identify funding sources
and develop programs to promote citizen involvement
and awareness for severe weather and other hazard
preparedness.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Provide hazmat and other emergency training and equipment
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City, Township, and Village first responders and Oakland
County Emergency Management & Homeland Security
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Staff time, printing and postage costs, mileage for
meetings, cost for contractors and instructors, backfill and
overtime for students and purchase of training materials
and supplies.
Potential Funding Source County and municipal general funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protection of lives and the environment through enhanced
response capabilities. All responders will have the same
basic knowledge of the Incident Command System and
how to work within this system to assure a smooth
operation.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan
and Project Description, if
applicable
Provide additional hazmat and other emergency training
and equipment to first responders (including, but not
limited to, fire, police, and civilian responders).
Specific tasks include: conducting a survey to assess
current training programs, identifying training needs,
developing a plan of action, providing training (either
internal or through other venues) informing local leaders
and interested parties, and publicizing available training
programs. Additional tasks include: identifying emergency
messages needed and the method(s) required to deliver
them to the public, identifying National Incident
Management System (NIMS) and ICS requirements, and
providing these as needed.
Initiatives Needed:
The Oakland County Emergency Management and
Homeland Security should continue facilitating hazmat and
hazard/emergency response training programs for
uniformed personnel. Training will include Incident
Command System (ICS) procedures, hazmat response,
and other emergency procedures/information required in
disaster events. The Oakland County Emergency
Management and Homeland Security will continue to
assess current training programs, identify additional
training needs, establish a steering committee(s) to
oversee implementation and develop a charter (giving
approval and support, announcement, the definition of
work, and project activities).
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
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Acquire redundant power sources for backup power at critical facilities
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security and municipalities
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Staff time for educating public and municipal officials,
printing, engineering/consultant fees, and redundant
power source installation costs.
Potential Funding Source County and municipal general funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Provision of key services/operation of critical facilities
during emergencies.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes,
Severe Winter Storms, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan
and Project Description, if
applicable
Encourage municipalities, businesses and citizens to
acquire redundant power sources for backup power at
critical facilities in the event of power failures, and to
ensure readiness at critical facilities by encouraging
facilities to perform regular maintenance and equipment
checks, and pre- plan for fuel needs.
The Oakland County Emergency Management and
Homeland Security and LEPC should assist with
prioritizing critical infrastructures, identifying and
educating individuals regarding the need for alternate fuel
and redundant power, identifying engineering changes
required, identifying costs and acquiring internal/outside
funding.
Initiatives Needed:
The Oakland County Emergency Management and
Homeland Security will continue to research alternate
methods of providing redundant power sources; educating
the public and municipal officials regarding the need and
availability of redundant power sources; seek alternate or
supplemental funding for generators and/or solar power,
hydroelectric and fuel cell power sources and allocate
supplemental funding for installation and maintenance.
Collectively, County and community officials will continue
to identify specific, critical facilities and assess capabilities
for redundant power, identify needed corrective actions
and identify training needs.
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Implement rapid damage assessment
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Staff time, printing costs, paging system, supplies, and
training costs.
Potential Funding Source County and municipal general funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduce the amount of time to efficiently and effectively
deploy trained teams to assess damaged areas after an
event has occurred improve allocation of response
resources and provide the information necessary for
Public Act 390 Disaster Declarations.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Survey local entities for organized groups of people with
assessment experience, identify and train groups, equip
with supplies, develop a notification method and develop
an MOU with these organizations.
Initiatives Needed:
Continue to organize additional groups to conduct work,
develop policy on response and develop a uniform
method for reporting.
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Encourage residents to receive immunizations against communicable diseases
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Health Division
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Staff time and equipment, print and mailing costs, training
costs, and the cost of vaccines and immunizations.
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect citizens in Oakland County against vaccine
preventable disease. Anticipated Funding Source(s):
County general fund and state and federal grants.
Schedule: Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Public Health Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Continue to implement Oakland County Health Division
(OCHD) mass immunization and media campaign
emergency preparedness plans, provide health care
providers hazard MCIR training, provide vaccine training
and resources to health care providers, and send out
recall/reminder letters to residents, if needed.
Initiatives Needed:
Continue to provide mass immunization outreach clinics
geographically placed throughout the County, continue to
provide media coverage to educate the public regarding
immunizations, enhance communication with health care
providers, use the Michigan Care Improvement Registry
(MCIR) to record and evaluate immunization records for
all people regardless of age, use the MCIR to generate
reminder/recall letters for those who need or will need
immunizations and coordinate the receiving and
distribution of vaccines to health care providers.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Over the past 5 years we have
been working to communicate with the public about the
importance of vaccinating against communicable
diseases. Will continue to push the message to the
community.
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2023 Update: This is an ongoing initiative, especially in
the post-COVID-19 era.
Obtain communication boosters for deficient areas of the OakWin Radio System
Note: Oakland County has transitioned to a new radio system, which is now integrated
into the Michigan Public Safety Communications System, and will benefit the entire
county. Implementation is almost complete.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Law Enforcement, Fire, Dispatch
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Cost for installation, repair and maintenance and printing
and postage costs for public awareness material. Initial
cost estimates - $2 million to $3 million.
Potential Funding Source Oakland County Radio Fund
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Provide improved OakWin Radio System coverage within
Oakland County.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Obtain permission and install 2 towers and 10 cell sites in
local jurisdictions.
Initiatives Needed:
Determine additional towers and cell site locations to
provide maximum coverage.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need
to replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that
offers more interoperability, capacity, and improved
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 2
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communications with outside agencies (specifically with
the State of Michigan). The identification and
implementation of an improved radio system would
address the aforementioned deficiencies identified in this
action.
2023 Update: Oakland County has transitioned to a new
radio system, which is now integrated into the Michigan
Public Safety Communications System, and will benefit
the entire county.
Increase public awareness for disease outbreaks
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Health Division
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Staff time for review, development and training and
technology.
Potential Funding Source County general funds, Public Health grants/funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve readiness to respond to an emergency and
effectively disseminate updated, accurate information and
improve efficiency and penetration of information into the
community.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Terrorism/ Weapons of Mass Destruction, Public Health
Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Increase public awareness of the causes, symptoms and
protective actions for disease outbreaks and other
potential public health emergencies.
Identify gaps in the CERC plan in addressing specific
public health emergencies and in reaching special
populations; identify and address training needs for
media communications, information development and
design and disseminating information and assess the
need for additional or new technology or methodologies,
such as social media.
Initiatives Needed:
Review and update, as needed, the Oakland County
Health Division Emergency Preparedness Unit’s Crisis
and Emergency Risk Communications (CERC) Plan and
assess the need for creating communication and
educational materials.
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Pre-arrange heating/cooling centers/shelters for vulnerable populations
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security, local municipalities, American Red Cross
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
No costs anticipated to County or local municipality.
Potential Funding Source County and municipal general funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Having a pro-active plan for assessing heating and
cooling emergencies that will effectively allocate
resources in the most efficient and effective manner.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing throughout the 5-year Plan period.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Winter Storms, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Pre-arrange heating/cooling centers/shelters for
vulnerable (special needs) populations, stranded
motorists, etc.
Analyze and/or stage where staff can identify populations
in need of getting to the facilities; determine available
staff and related resources (make sure facilities are ADA
compliant); identify available sources for necessary
equipment, supplies and rations; have trained certified
medical staff available at facility; and have a MOUs from
local communities, schools, etc. regarding services.
Initiatives Needed:
Continue to work with local units of government to
identify local vulnerable populations, including transient
populations; identify potential facilities that meet the
American Red Cross standards and have emergency
backup generators, water and food in the event that the
hazard extends more than 24 hours; use written or
electronic notification to increase public awareness of
these facilities and what should and shouldn't be brought;
supply or arrange for transportation for the elderly and/or
home-bound residents to the facilities; identify and
provide the hours of operation and staffing and volunteer
needs for the facilities and clarify with local units of
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 2
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government their emergency response requirements
from the County, state or federal government.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Pre-plan for debris management staging and storage areas
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Emergency Management &
Homeland Security and local municipalities
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Personnel, equipment and planning costs.
Potential Funding Source County and municipal general funds, public and
private partnerships, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Clear roads for rapid response of emergency
personnel and to aid in sanitation for health concerns.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Earthquake, Flooding, Tornadoes, Severe Winter
Storm, Oil and Gas Well Accidents, Socio-Political
Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social Unrest), Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Pre-plan for debris management staging and storage
areas.
Contract with local trucking and construction
companies and encourage local municipalities to
establish mutual aid agreements to assist each other.
Initiatives Needed:
Identify landfills and facilities with storage capabilities
in the County, identify contractors with equipment
and trucks to pick up and remove debris, and
determine if the County has an adequate fleet of
trucks and equipment to respond to an emergency.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Deliver and distribute public information materials
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 2
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Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Staff time for developing an educational program that
incorporates various communication media (newsletters,
pamphlets, news articles, website information and links),
individuals trained in the material who can provide
training, training sessions, publishing the materials and
modification of the Oakland County website to incorporate
the materials.
Potential Funding Source County and municipal general funds, public and private
partnerships, Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Saving lives related to tornadoes and high winds;
preparing the public (homes and businesses) to minimize
harmful effects from tornadoes and high winds; enhance
public education about the early warning systems that are
available and actions to take and creating revenue for
printers, website consultants and others used to prepare
materials and provide the training outreach.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing throughout the 5-year Plan period.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Deliver and distribute public information materials
(newsletters, pamphlets, news articles, educational
programs, website links, contact persons, etc.) to explain
tornado and high wind hazards, personal and property
protection measures and warning and response systems.
Study the current tools and effectiveness for alerting the
public for tornadoes and high winds; create a
comprehensive list of all tornado/severe wind measures
recommended, including personal and property
protection measures; develop public information tools,
such as newsletters, pamphlets, web information and
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 2
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links, educational programs related to preparedness and
response to tornado or high winds for distribution;
continue intensive informational and educational program
for hazard warning and alerting systems and informational
tools through the schools and local and County-wide
organizations (i.e. Rotary Club, Chamber of Commerce,
Optimists, etc.) including preparation and actions the
public should take; coordinate with local jurisdictional
authorities to provide dissemination of this information
and provide their representatives with training and
information through their public outreach and education
programs and review the effectiveness of the program
annually and improve as necessary.
Initiatives Needed:
Identify areas where additional tools and materials are
needed; create a comprehensive list of all tornado or
severe wind hazards, personal and property protection
measures and warning and response systems currently in
place that can be used for educational purposes; provide
public information programs to instruct the public in
preparedness and response to a tornado or high wind
situation and where to get information; improve adjoining
county communication to increase cooperation for
activating early warning systems when an adjoining
county (or community) has an incident that could impact
residents in Oakland County; study the feasibility of
implementing tools and training programs to educate the
public (private and businesses) in preparedness and
response to tornado and severe wind hazards; evaluate
the effectiveness of the public education tools developed
through surveys, website statistics and other means and
improve tools and effectiveness of communication.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Keep county roads accessible to emergency vehicles and equipment
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Road Commission of Oakland County, entity with
jurisdiction of road system
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Personnel, equipment, fuel
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Will create a consistent County-wide plan Anticipated
Funding Source(s): State and federal grants. Schedule:
Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
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Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Assist agency, association, group or communities in need
of a plan to complete their process.
Initiatives Needed:
Public programs are currently in place and utilized (winter
maintenance and storm clean up) for public roads.
Communities and associations that fall under private
sector need to create a similar program for their roads
and streets.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Improve communications between municipalities in the event of a mass incident/
event
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Law Enforcement, Fire, Dispatch
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Secure funding for $500,000 from the UASI grants or
other source for 2 MPSC interfaces for the Oakland
County Sheriff’s Office 9-1-1/Communications Center and
an alternate PSAP at either Southfield or Farmington Hills.
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) This will provide and enhanced interoperable
communications within Oakland County, the State of
Michigan and surrounding counties.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing throughout 5-year Plan period
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Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Secure funding from the Southeast Michigan Urban Area
Security Initiative (UASI) Board for the purchase of
equipment and installation of an interface at a primary and
alternate site for Oakland County.
Initiatives Needed:
Obtained approval for the Michigan Public Safety
Commission (MPSC) 800 MHz interface for the Oakland
County Sheriff’s Office 9-1-1/Communications Center
and, if additional funding is available, seek approval for an
alternate interface at another PSAP within Oakland
County.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need
to replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that
offers more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with
the State of Michigan). The identification and
implementation of an improved radio system would
address the aforementioned deficiencies identified in this
action.
2023 Update: Ongoing - Oakland County has transitioned
to a new radio system, which is now integrated into the
Michigan Public Safety Communications System, and will
benefit the entire county.
Work with Community Partners to Coordinate Response Efforts
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Health Division
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
American Red Cross, Long-term Care, Hospitals and
other community partners
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
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Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Public Health Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Work with community partners such as American Red
Cross, Long-term Care, Hospitals and other community
partners to coordinate response efforts and provide mass
prophylaxis options. The coordination will assist with
community outreach such as volunteer reception
centers, family reunification and community resources
centers.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Water and Sewer Infrastructure Improvements
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization / Position The Water Resources Commissioner
office, local water and sewer
departments
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6,
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Replace lead and copper service lines
in the water and sewer infrastructure.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
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Emergency Fresh Water and Sewer Main Tie Ins
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position GLWA, WRC, County
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $50,000,000
Potential Funding Source HMGP, Loans, Taxes
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Loss of water & sewage utility for
Region
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
Emergency fresh water & sewer
main ties ins for regional
utility/utilities.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Mitigation Integration into Master Plan Review Process
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County and Participating Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development
Services
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Oakland County staff time
Potential Funding Source Annual budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance planning and plan integration
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
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Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Incorporate hazard mitigation plan integration into
County's local master plan review process. Municipalities
proposing a master plan are required to submit their draft
plan to Oakland County for review and comment. Oakland
County Economic Development & Community Affairs
Department, Planning Division staff will incorporate
hazard mitigation into their review of local planning
documents, in order to support plan integration.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
GIS Data to Support and Protect CIKR
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County EDCA Planning Division
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Staff time
Potential Funding Source Annual budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Coordination
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
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Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Oakland County EDCA Planning Division will work with IT
Department and other partners to identify/develop GIS
data layers that support the protection of infrastructure,
historic sites/districts, natural habitat, and critical assets.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Utility Awareness Reporting
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
All utility/DTE/Consumers Power
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Private, Explore
outside sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Winter Storms
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Increase public awareness & reporting. Encourage
utility companies to have proactive maintenance
programs, including inspection, preventative
maintenance and report, including aggressive tree
inspection and trimming.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Update and Expand Infrastructure
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization / Position GLWD/DTE/Consumers
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Update & expand infrastructure: water, sewer,
and electrical. S/E Michigan has infrastructure
that is old and operating at or beyond capacity.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Move electrical panels, mechanical, and generators above base flood elevation
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County, All Participating
Jurisdictions, and Schools/Universities
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County, All Participating
Jurisdictions, and Schools/Universities
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium (from $10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Move electrical panels, mechanical,
generators above base flood elevation (BFE)
in facilities located in flood-prone areas.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
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Enhancement and expansion of greenspace
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Planning Departments
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Multi-faceted Public Awareness Campaign
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County & All Participating Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland
Security
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Medium (from $10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life, safety, and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
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Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Multi-faceted Public Awareness Campaign to Increase
Enrollment in Emergency Notification Systems
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Enhance interoperable radio communications systems throughout the County
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County & All Participating Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Law Enforcement, Fire, Public Works, Dispatch
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
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Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Enhance interoperable radio communications systems
throughout the County
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Identify Drainage Basins and Explore Early Warning Systems
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County Emergency Management
& Homeland Security
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Preserve/Protect life, safety, and mitigate
casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Identify Drainage Basins that Require Flood
Warning Systems and Explore Early
Warning Systems for Flash Floods
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Establish Severe Weather Protective Areas
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Park and Recreation Departments
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life, safety, and mitigate
casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
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Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Establish and/or designate Severe Weather
Protective Areas (i.e. within county parks and
open space or areas where popular events
take place)
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Coordinate Conservation, Preservation, and Mitigation Actions
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County & All Participating Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development
and Local Planning Departments
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Medium (from $10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Plan integration across the County
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
2023 Oakland County Hazard Mitigation Plan | Volume 2
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Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Coordinate Conservation, Preservation, and Mitigation
Actions with Oakland County Planning and Economic
Development to Ensure Integration of Programs across all
communities
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Elevate pad mounted transformers
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Utility Companies
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Utilities: Pad mounted transformers -
elevated above BFE, or lowering and
burying them in non-flood, high wind areas
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Use multiple poles to support transformers
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Utility Companies
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Use multiple poles to support
transformers
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Utilities: Burying lines, where feasible
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Utility Companies
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Utilities: Burying lines, where feasible
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Replacing poles with a better material
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Utility Companies
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
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Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Utilities: Replacing poles with a better
material (for example wood poles
replaced with spun concrete)
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Elevating roadways in low-lying areas prone to overland flooding
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All
Participating Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County & All
Participating Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Road Commission of Oakland
County
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from
flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in
greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Elevating roadways in low-lying
areas prone to overland flooding
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Install Lightning/Ground Protection on Critical Infrastructure
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
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Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Medium (from $10,000 to $100,000)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storm, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Install Lightning/Ground Protection on
Critical Infrastructure
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Mitigate invasive species/plants
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Road Commission of Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium (from $10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Minimize invasive species
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Invasive Species
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Mitigate invasive species/plants,
especially along roadways – clear
vegetation
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Ensure safe drinking water throughout the County
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
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Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County & All Participating
Jurisdictions
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations WRC
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life, safety, and
mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Ensure safe drinking water throughout
the County
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
The following section represents completed mitigation actions, and serves as an archive of
identified and completed projects.
Utilize pubic warning systems for public health communications
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland County
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security and Oakland County Health Divisions
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Labor and technology
Potential Funding Source County and municipal general funds, state and federal
grants and private funding sources.
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Save lives, reduce economic impact and reduce the
impact of a public health emergency.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Implement emergency notification system within 2-3
years.
Actual Completion Date Complete
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Public Health Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Study the warning systems currently in place, the
effectiveness for alerting the public and providing
localized alerting to specific communities affected; work
with local communities and adjoining counties to notify
the County as early as possible in the event of a public
health occurrence; ongoing development of intensive
information and education programs for public health
emergency warning and alerting systems through the
schools and local/County-wide organizations (fire/police
departments, chambers of commerce, etc.); coordinate
with local jurisdictional authorities to provide
dissemination of information and provide their
representatives with training and study networks currently
in use for public health warning systems.
Conduct a feasibility study with local units of government
to establish what systems are already being used and
possible means for funding a County-wide system and
determine cost justification for an emergency alert
notification system.
Initiatives Needed:
Acquire an emergency alert notification system and
institute social media capabilities to notify governmental
agencies and the public in the event of a public health
emergency, continue public information programs that
include response protocols to public health emergencies
and how to get additional information, communicate with
adjoining counties to increase cooperation for activating
early warning systems when a public health emergency
could impact residents and study the feasibility of local
alerts to public health incidents that affect only local
communities (vs. the County at large).
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Completed. Oakland County has purchased
a mass notification system that allows both health and
homeland security to send information.
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2. Addison Township
Community Profile and Description
Addison Township is named for the pioneer settler Addison Chamberlain. The township is
37.2 square miles. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 6,256.
Hazards
Gas Leak and Explosion:
• The potential for a gas leak or explosion at the CMS pumping station is the primary
concern for the community.
• Two major pipelines, a 36-inch crude oil pipeline, and a 24-inch natural gas pipeline,
pass through the village, necessitating preparedness for potential incidents.
• The large number of trucks carrying hazardous materials on Lakeville and Rochester
Roads add to the hazmat emergency risk.
Tornadoes and Extreme Weather Hazards:
• Tornadoes significantly threaten life safety and property, requiring a coordinated
response and recovery effort.
• Extreme heat and cold may impact the effectiveness of shelters in regulating
temperatures.
• Ice and sleet storms may cause power loss due to downed trees, potentially hindering
emergency response.
• Winter storms can create access issues for those seeking help or emergency services,
especially on dirt roads.
Civil Disturbance and Mass Casualties:
• Concerns exist about the potential for civil disturbances or mass casualties at large
gatherings in the village.
• Limited gas station availability within a vast area poses gas shortages or supply
disruptions risks.
Communication System Failure:
• During a communication system failure incident, individuals without landlines may be
unable to call 911, emphasizing the need for alternative communication methods.
Structural Fires:
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• Large structural fires may overwhelm available resources, such as the Mutual Aid Box
Alarm System (MABAS), requiring additional planning and preparedness.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Addison Township
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
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County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide hazmat training for the public safety departments.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Addison Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Addison Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties,
enhance training
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide hazmat training for the public
safety departments.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. All current fire
personnel are up to date on hazmat
training operations. Will continue to train.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Implement additional training for pipeline (gas and oil) hazmat accidents.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Addison Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Addison Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, HSGP, Explore outside
sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed
Site, Oil and Gas Well Accidents
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Implement additional training for
pipeline (gas and oil) hazmat
accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing. Still training
with the pipeline companies.
2023 Update: Ongoing and Still
Annual Training with Pipeline
Companies
Reduce OakWin Radio System dead zones.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Addison Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Addison Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management and Homeland
Security
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance interoperable communications
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
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Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Coordinate with Oakland County to reduce dead zones in
the OakWin Radio System. Since Addison Township is
located in the northeastern part of Oakland County, it is far
away from communication tower and there are a number
of dead zones.
Efforts are under way in the county to replace the OakWin
Radio System.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need
to replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that
offers more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with
the State of Michigan). The identification and
implementation of an improved radio system would
address the aforementioned deficiencies identified in this
action.
2023 Update: Ongoing Should be completed by 2024 -
Oakland County has transitioned to a new radio system,
which is now integrated into the Michigan Public Safety
Communications System, and will benefit the entire
county.
Provide additional resources to the Mutual Aid Box Alarm System (MABAS) to
handle any hazmat incidents or major traffic accidents.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Addison Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Addison Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance regional capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Transportation
Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide additional resources to the Mutual
Aid Box Alarm System (MABAS) to handle
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any hazmat incidents or major traffic
accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing - had to add more years to
complete (5 more)
Electrical Infrastructure Hardening
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Addison Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position DTE, Addison Township
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Utility Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continued electrical service during hazardous
conditions.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Make considerable efforts to protect the
Electrical System Infrastructure from failing
during wind and ice storms. Continuous efforts
are being made with DTE to keep lines clear.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Most of this has been completed - about 90% in
the Township
Completed Mitigation Actions
Supply the public safety departments with testing equipment to detect hydrogen
sulfide
Year Initiated Unknown
Applicable Jurisdiction Addison Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Fixed Site
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Seek funding to purchase a new tanker to fight building and hazmat accident fires
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Addison Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2015. We now have two 3,000 gallon of
water tankers, one purchased in 2012
and one in 2015.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Complete
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3. City of Auburn Hills
Community Profile and Description
The City of Auburn Hills is situated on the Clinton River, it was named by Aaron Webster, the
first settler, for Auburn, New York. It is home to the world headquarters of Chrysler, The
Palace of Auburn Hills (Former home of the Detroit Pistons), and Oakland University. The
city has a total area of 16.6 square miles. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is
24,360.
Hazards
Tornadoes and Large Events:
• Tornadoes pose a significant concern due to the large number of people attending
events in the area.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Both fixed locations and transportation-related hazmat incidents are a concern in
Auburn Hills.
• Emergency response teams need additional training and equipment to respond
adequately to potential hazardous material emergencies.
• The large volume of trucks traveling M-59 and I-75 presents a hazmat threat.
• Oakland University has an active radioactive device on campus, and two locations in
Auburn Hills facilitate EV Battery testing.
Unused Facility Hazard:
• The Palace of Auburn Hills has been demolished and the site will be repurposed.
Civil Disturbance or Terrorist Hazard:
• Auburn Hills, home to many corporate world headquarters, increases the risk of civil
disturbance or terrorist hazards.
• The impact of economic downturn and welfare policy changes may also affect city
crime rates.
• Auburn Hills being home to major corporations and hosting large events, raises
concerns about terrorism and potential weapons of mass destruction incidents.
Landfill Sites Hazards:
• Auburn Hills has two large landfill sites, one under frequent monitoring for high
methane levels, potentially at risk of fire or explosion.
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Vulnerable Population:
• The presence of senior housing facilities and care facilities for residents with memory
loss requires special attention to their safety during hazards.
Flood-related Hazards:
• Auburn Road and other road locations flood consistently with heavy rain.
Active Shooter Incidents:
• Locations of concern include Great Lakes Crossing Mall and the downtown Auburn
Hills amphitheater.
Socio-Political Incidents:
• Protests and civil disturbances have occurred at political events hosted by Oakland
University.
Structural Fire Incidents:
• Two locations in Auburn Hills facilitate EV Battery testing.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Auburn Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Auburn Hills Police Department, Auburn Hills Fire
Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
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Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide funding for additional training and equipment to be used for hazmat and
mass casualty accidents.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Auburn Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
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Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed
Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident,
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide funding for additional training
and equipment to be used for hazmat
and mass casualty accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Unknown
Provide emergency generators as needed to senior citizen facilities during power
outages.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Auburn Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Auburn Hills Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC,
HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms,
Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure,
Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide emergency generators as needed
to senior citizen facilities during power
outages.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Unknown
Continue to coordinate training for hazmat and mass casualty incidents.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Auburn Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Auburn Hills Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Potential Funding Source General Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Tornadoes, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue to coordinate training for
hazmat and mass casualty incidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Multiple ongoing joint training
sessions in 2023
Flood Mitigation at Auburn Road and Opdyke
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Auburn Hills
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Auburn Hills DPW
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Flood mitigation for the area of Auburn Road and
Opdyke. Floods consistently during rainstorms.
Clinton Road is what floods. Floods with 1/2 inch of
rain. County-owned road but impacts the city. Auburn
Road - not sure who owns it. Need to verify. Opdyke
Road is County-owned.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
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Completed Mitigation Actions
Re-engineer community roads that are susceptible to flooding around the Clinton
River.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Auburn
Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Stockpile Bottled Water to be Distributed During Power Outages
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Auburn Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms,
Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Removed Mitigation Actions
Continue to seek funding for backup generator power for senior citizen housing
facilities during power outages.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Auburn Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
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Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date Removed – just a duplicate
from the 2005 action.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms,
Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
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4. City of Berkley
Community Profile and Description
The City of Berkley is a suburb of Detroit located along the Woodward Corridor in
southeastern Oakland County, Michigan. Berkley was incorporated as a City to gain more
oversight over taxes and other issues following a population decrease after the Wall Street
Crash of 1929. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 15,194. The City of Berkley has a
total area of 2.62 square miles.
Hazards
Fire and Tornado Hazards:
• Concerns about the 8-story senior citizen living facility's vulnerability to fire and
tornadoes due to residents' physical limitations and the need for specialized
equipment during emergencies.
Hazmat Emergency on Busy Roads:
• Woodward Avenue, Coolidge Highway, Greenfield Road, and 11 and 12 Mile Roads
are frequently used by trucks carrying hazardous materials.
• The potential for a hazmat emergency exists in case of a traffic accident involving one
of these trucks.
High Wind Hazards:
• Residents are worried about high winds knocking down trees and power lines, causing
damage and disruptions.
• A significant storm event in August 2011 caused major damage.
Flooding Hazards:
• Heavy rain events have led to flooding throughout the city on multiple occasions:
o September 11, 2011: 3 inches of rain in 1 hour.
o August 11, 2014: 5 inches of rain.
o August 18, 2017: 3 inches of rain, affecting around 700 homes.
• Overloaded sewer lines during heavy rain events cause basement flooding, prompting
the need for basement backflow prevention devices and rain gardens in boulevards to
reduce flooding.
Underground Petroleum Pipeline Hazards:
• An underground petroleum pipeline parallels Greenfield Road, posing potential risks
of leaks or breaks that may lead to environmental and safety hazards.
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Hazardous Materials Storage:
• A pool supply company on Twelve Mile Road stores significant quantities of hazardous
materials, necessitating proper safety protocols and emergency response plans.
Active Shooter Incidents:
• Berkley collaborates with law enforcement agencies to create OAKTAC, which
centralizes active shooter training to enhance preparedness and coordination during
such incidents.
Infrastructure Failure Incidents:
• Power failure concerns require replacing an inadequate generator at DPW and adding
a generator at the community center, allowing for sheltering through a microgrid
system.
• Consideration for rebuilding the community center into a larger facility to support
additional sheltering capacity and improve community resilience.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Replacement of Community Center
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Berkley
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Parks and Recreation
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
10.5 Million
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2026
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Infrastructure Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil
and Gas Well Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Replacement of the Community Center to provide
additional shelter areas for the city
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Conduct Study of Determine Flood Mitigation Projects
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Berkley
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Department of Public Works
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 4, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $500,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and reduce property
damage
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
2025
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms, Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Study the city to determine the
location of rain gardens and other
flood mitigation projects
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
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Install a microgrid system to replace the old existing generator at DPW.
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Berkley DPW
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
City of Berkley
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$100,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP, and local funding
Benefits (Loss Avoided) This system will allow the DPW to continue to function
during a power outage, allowing a continued operation of
the city infrastructure.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2025
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Infrastructure Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil
and Gas Well Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The existing generator at the DPW facility is old and is
becoming unreliable. A new system would allow a
reliable power source to power the DPW system and
support continued operation and maintenance of critical
infrastructure.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Establish an alerting system for residents.
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
City of Berkley
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 4, 5
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$50,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) This system would allow the city to alert resident of
condition in their area that may impact life or property.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2025
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Infrastructure Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil
and Gas Well Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Establish an alerting system for residents so that they can
be notified of emergencies. An example is CodeRed a
cloud-based software solution that provides real time
information to the community that can help save lives in
the community.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Reduce Storm Water Runoff on City Property
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Berkley Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$521,290
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP, Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduce storm water runoff on city owned land.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
2026
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
Medium
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Implement the recommendations of the Great Lakes
Storm Water Management Institute and the Clinton
River Watershed Council to reduce storm water
runoff on city owned land. Action would be taken at
the following areas:
Jaycee Park Permeable Pavement
Curb Cut Rain Garden
Rain Garden
Griffith Ave Parking lots West Permeable Pavement
Pavers
Griffith Ave Parking lots East Bioretention
Parks and Rec Parking lot Bioretention
These projects will reduce the amount of storm
water runoff by 91% in these areas.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Install a microgrid at the City Hall Public Safety Complex
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Berkley Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$250,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) This would allow Public Safety to continue to provide
services during a power outage.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2027
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Install a microgrid at the City Hall, Public Safety
Complex that could be expanded in the future to allow
for charging of electric public safety vehicles. Include
the library in this microgrid if feasible and cost effective.
This would protect the critical infrastructure during
times of extended power outages. Public Safety
operates a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) at this
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facility that supports the City of Berkley, the City of
Huntington Woods and the City of Pleasant Ridge.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
City of Berkley Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
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underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Seek to improve communication and education between cities, villages, townships,
counties, state and federal municipalities to be prepared for a major disaster,
emergency or terror attack.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Berkley
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
City of Berkley Department of Public Safety
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Infrastructure Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil
and Gas Well Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Seek to improve communication and education between
cities, villages, townships, counties, state and federal
municipalities to be prepared for a major disaster,
emergency or terror attack.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
The City of Berkley joined the Oakland County Law
Enforcement Tactical Response Coordinating Group, or
OAKTAC to take advantage of the multijurisdictional
training provided.
Two members of the Public Safety department have
completed the Michigan State Police Homeland Security
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Professional Emergency Manager Program and joined
the Oakland County Incident Management Team
2023 Update: Ongoing - training for all law enforcement
and emergency management to maintain proficiency
Continue to seek funding to increase staffing levels in public safety.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Berkley Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local funds, Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Infrastructure Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil
and Gas Well Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Continue to seek funding to increase staffing levels in
public safety.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The funding is reviewed every
year by the City Council during the annual budget review.
2023 Update: Ongoing Process
Flow Model the existing combined sanitary and storm sewer system.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Department of Public Works
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Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
County Drain Commissioner
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Phase I Study $70,500
Potential Funding Source Phase I General Fund
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure and increase sewer capacity to
mitigate flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Phase 1 Study 1st Qtr. 2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Develop a flow model that can be generated the
potential for sewer backup based on a predicted rain
event. Utilize the flow model to determine the
appropriate locations for restricted covers on the
existing catch basins to slow the inrush of water into the
combined sewer system.
Heavy rains on September 11, 2011, dropped 3 inches
of rain in 1 hour causing flooding throughout the
City. Heavy rains again in August 11, 2014, dropped 5
inches of rain causing flooding throughout the city. The
City applied for and received a Storm water, Asset
Management, and Wastewater (SAW) Grant of
$602,142. This grant was used to locate and identify
problem areas with the sewer infrastructure. Again, on
August 18, 2017, heavy rains again in dropped 3 inches
of rain causing flooding to approximately 700 homes
throughout the city.
The city authorized Hubbell, Roth & Clark (HRC), the
city engineers, to prepare a Combined Sewer Capacity
Study at a total cost not to exceed $70,500. This phase
1 study will determine capacity of the City of Berkley
Combined Sewer System.
Capacity Study Step-By-Step Process
Determine data quality from the GIS database for this
use
HRC will review GIS data collected during the SAW
project to determine accuracy of “z” elevations and find
gaps in data.
Collect additional field data as needed and upload to the
GIS database.
Determine and draw tributary areas for each manhole
within the GIS database.
Utilize the newly developed tributary areas and
SEMCOG’s Impervious Area GIS layer to calculate
runoff coefficients for each tributary area.
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Gather existing flow information and interceptor
capacity from Oakland County’s Drainage Model and
Study. This data will be requested from Oakland County
Water Resource Commission (OCWRC).
Perform drainage calculations for the City of Berkley
Combined Sewer System to develop design flows and
resulting HGL elevations
Calculated design flow for each sewer segment can be
used to determine the design storm capacity of the
existing system
Perform calculations to consider effect of restricted
catch basins
Conclusion: Develop a recommended Combined Sewer
Improvement Program based on study results.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated. Phase 1 Study initiated.
2018 Update: Phase 1 Study conclusion delivered to the
City the end of 1st Qtr. 2018.
2023 Update: Initial Study Completed
Identify potential shelters and bring up to ADA and Special Needs compliance.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Library Director
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
American Red Cross, United Way, Salvation Army
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Unknown
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Coordinate with the Berkley School district and NGO’s
to identify potential shelters in the city. Determine if
these shelters are currently up to ADA and Special
Needs compliance. If not develop requirements lists to
bring the shelter to compliance. Work with facility
owners to make the facilities compliant.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Coordinating with Red Cross
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Identification and Replacement of lead water lines and connections.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Director of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Unknown
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years) 2035
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Identification of any lead service lines in the
Berkley water system and to develop a plan for
replacement to ensure safe drinking water for
all of the residents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Identification of lead service
lines is currently ongoing. An estimated
completion date for removal of all lead service
lines is 2035
Identification and implementation of methods to slowdown or stop terrorist attack
by vehicle at Berkley events such as the Woodward Dream Cruise, the Berkley Art
Bash and the County Oakland Irish festival.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Director of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Director of Public Safety
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Unknown
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) To ensure the safety of residents and
visitors at all of the Berkley events.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Terrorism/ Weapons of Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Determine an appropriate method of
stopping vehicle attacks on personnel and
property at local events and festivals.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: DPW vehicles used to block
street at Public Events
Completed Mitigation Actions
Assist in the purchase of new fire equipment including a foam capable pump.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Tornadoes, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Upgrade current respiration equipment.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Structural
Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Provide funding to hire and train a sufficient number of people to assist the public
safety department.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Berkley
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2017
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Structural
Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
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5. Village of Beverly Hills
Community Profile and Description
The Village of Beverly Hills is a suburb of Detroit located in the Southfield Township. It is the
most populous village in the state of Michigan. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is
10,584. The Village of Beverly Hills has a total area of 4.02 square miles.
Hazards
Winter Weather Hazards:
• Winter weather poses a significant hazard, particularly on community roads like
Southfield and Fourteen Mile Roads.
• These roads are frequented by trucks carrying hazardous materials, necessitating up-
to-date hazmat equipment and continued training.
• Fog can contribute to severe accidents during winter conditions.
Extreme Cold and Heat Concerns:
• The village may be impacted by extreme cold, but there are insufficient facilities to
serve as warming shelters.
• Extreme heat also poses challenges, as not enough cooling shelters are available.
Riverine Flooding:
• The area where the Rouge River intersects the village, primarily west of Greenfield
Road and south of Village Drive, is historically prone to flooding.
• Other riverine flood concern areas include intersections with 13 Mile Road, Evergreen
Road, and small culverts near Hillview.
Dam Failure:
• Mitigation is necessary for the high-hazard dam at Evergreen Road and Old Pond
Court to prevent potential flooding in the area and downstream on the Rouge River.
Tornado and High Wind Hazards:
• The threat of tornadoes is a concern, with high winds potentially causing damage to
trees, structures, and infrastructure.
• The village is particularly worried about power failures, water supply contamination,
and structural damage resulting from tornadoes.
Power Outage Concerns:
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• High winds leading to downed trees and branches are a major concern for power
outages in the village.
Hazmat Accident Risks:
• The natural gas pipeline along Fourteen Mile Road presents a potential hazard for
hazmat accidents.
Ice Storm Impacts:
• The village may be impacted by ice storms, affecting power and other utilities,
including water mains.
Thunderstorm Risks:
• Thunderstorms have caused damage to structures, trees, and utilities in the past.
Active Shooter Preparedness:
• The possibility of an active shooter could occur at any public gathering, village police
office building, or any of the nine schools.
Specific areas of concern for various hazards include:
• Natural gas pipeline along Greenfield Rd. (From 13 Mile to 14 Mile Rd).
• Natural gas pipeline above ground relief station on Saxon.
• Natural gas pipeline above-ground station on Lasher Rd.
• Electrical substation on Southfield Rd.
• Two water towers on 14 Mile Rd.
• Metering Pit on Beverly Rd. near Greenfield.
• Metering Pit on Greenfield Rd. near 13 Mile Rd.
• Rouge River, Erity Damn on Evergreen near Old Pond.
• Rouge River Damn near Rosevear.
• Rouge River Culverts; Hillview, Riverview, Georgetown, 13 Mile Rd, and Lahser Rd.
• 2 Bridges on Evergreen Rd. 1 on 13 Mile Rd.
• Douglas Evans underground water retention and treatment facility. 10,000 gallons of
liquid chlorine stored underground.
• 500 gallons of liquid chlorine stored at 2 schools with swimming pools.
• Hazardous material is transported along 14 Mile, Southfield Rd, Lahser, and
Greenfield. Designated trucking route.
• Above-ground sewer pipeline traveling over rouge river tributary near Hillside.
• Communication towers attached to water towers.
• Communication tower near Groves High School.
• Communication tower behind Public Safety Building.
• BP gas station on 13 Mile Rd. and Southfield Rd.
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Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Beverly Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
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• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide additional training and equipment to better prepare the public safety
departments in responding to hazardous materials incidents.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Beverly Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Beverly Hills Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide additional training and equipment to
better prepare the public safety departments
in responding to hazardous materials
incidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Annual trainings.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Implement funding from fire grant to upgrade existing generators in the fire hall
and police stations to provide power to entire buildings.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Beverly Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Beverly Hills Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/HMPG
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of operations
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Implement funding from fire grant to
upgrade existing generators in the fire hall
and police stations to provide power to
entire buildings.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Provide continuous training for hazmat emergencies.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Beverly Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Beverly Hills Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide continuous training for hazmat
emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Mutual aid
agreement with Oakland County.
2023 Update: Ongoing
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Work to coordinate efforts with local utility companies to communicate the areas
where tree clearing is necessary or planned and to repair downed power lines.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Beverly Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Beverly Hills Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Work to coordinate efforts with local utility
companies to communicate the areas where
tree clearing is necessary or planned and to
repair downed power lines.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Mitigate the Erity Dam located near Evergreen Road and Old Pond Ct. The dam is
currently being replaced in 2017. Modify culverts to increase water flow capacity.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Beverly Hills
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Beverly Hills Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Birmingham, Oak Park, Berkley, Huntington Woods
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve life and mitigate casualties, and protect
infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
High
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for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Infrastructure Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil
and Gas Well Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Mitigate the Erity Dam located near Evergreen Road and
Old Pond Ct. The dam is currently being replaced in
2017. Modify culverts to increase water flow capacity.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Increase the size of culverts where needed in the Village, including but not limited
to Hillview, Riverview, and Georgetown.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Beverly Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Beverly Hills Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Increase the size of culverts where needed
in the Village, including but not limited to
Hillview, Riverview, and Georgetown.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
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Completed Mitigation Actions
Schedule regular inspections of the City's sewer system.
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Beverly
Hills
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to
$100,000)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Implement funding from fire grant to purchase a new ladder fire truck.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Beverly
Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than
$100,000)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date 2017
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Implement funding from fire grant to purchase a new fire pumping engine.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Beverly Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Beverly Hills Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance capabilities
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in
1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing. In the
process of purchasing two fire
engines.
2023 Update: Completed
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6. Village of Bingham Farms
Community Profile and Description
The Village of Bingham Farms was incorporated on October 4, 1955, named after a
prominent family present in the village since 1880. All roads in the village remained unpaved
until 1984 to discourage intensive development. Bingham Farms is located in Southfield
Township. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 1,124. Bingham Farms has a total
area of 1.21 square miles.
Hazards
Flooding Hazards:
• Flooding of the Rouge River tributaries is a concern at various locations in the village.
• The area most susceptible to this hazard is on the Franklin Branch of the Rouge River,
north of Thirteen Mile Road and south of Woodlynne Road.
Hazmat and Traffic Accidents:
• Telegraph Road, with its large volume of truck traffic, poses a risk of traffic accidents
and hazmat emergencies.
Ice Storms:
• Ice storms pose a significant threat, leading to extended power outages lasting several
days.
Tornadoes and High Winds:
• Tornadoes are a significant threat to the village residents.
• High winds knocking over trees and power lines have become a major concern.
Hazmat Accident Risks:
• The presence of a 12” pipeline running along Thirteen Mile Road raises concerns
about potential hazmat accidents.
Fire Truck Accessibility:
• The village addressed an issue with the existing ladder fire truck's inability to reach all
points on the high school roof during fires.
• In 2014, a new truck equipped with a longer ladder (100' aerial) was purchased to
resolve this problem.
Severe Weather Impact on Trees and Roads:
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• Blizzards, heavy snow, or ice storms/sleet pose challenges due to dead trees and
obstructed roads, damaging electrical infrastructure and hindering traffic during
severe weather events.
Flood-related Hazards:
• The village is prone to flooding due to its jurisdiction containing a tributary to the
Rouge River.
• Debris from upstream and flood events cause water over the road at 14 Mile, leading
to residential flooding.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Bury Electrical wires that travel across Telegraph Road
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Bingham Farms
Lead Agency / Organization / Position DTE
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Unknown
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of
funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduce transportation impact
on major road during storms
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Bury Electrical wires that travel
across Telegraph Road
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
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Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Bingham Farms
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Hire an engineering firm to evaluate and correct the flooding concerns of the
Village.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Bingham Farms
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Bingham Farms
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to
5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Hire an engineering firm to evaluate
and correct the flooding concerns of
the Village.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Acquire equipment to assist in debris removal following tornado and/or high wind
storms.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Bingham Farms
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Bingham Farms
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase capabilities to recover from
disaster
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms, Tornadoes
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Acquire equipment to assist in debris
removal following tornado and/or high
wind storms.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Acquisition of equipment to assist in the removal of dead and live trees around
power lines.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Bingham Farms
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Bingham Farms
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase capabilities to recover from
disaster
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Acquisition of equipment to assist in
the removal of dead and live trees
around power lines.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Dead Tree Removal. Dead Ash and Oak trees scattered throughout the Village and
create utility and road hazards during wind and storm events.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Bingham Farms
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Bingham Farms
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Contracted entities
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Unknown
Potential Funding Source General Fund
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduction of utility and road hazards
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Unknown/ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure,
Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Dead Tree Removal. Dead Ash and Oak trees
scattered throughout the Village and create
utility and road hazards during wind and storm
events.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Acquire equipment to boost radio communication in all buildings (including
schools) in the Village to assist public safety.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Bingham Farms
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Village of Bingham Farms
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Infrastructure Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil
and Gas Well Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
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Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Acquire equipment to boost radio communication in all
buildings (including schools) in the Village to assist public
safety.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
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7. City of Birmingham
Community Profile and Description
The City of Birmingham is on the north side of Metro Detroit. The area comprising what is
now the city of Birmingham was part of land ceded by Native American tribes to the United
States government by the 1807 Treaty of Detroit. The City of Birmingham was re-
incorporated from a village to a City in 1933. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is
21,813. The City has a total area of 4.80 square miles.
Hazards
River/Urban Flooding:
• The potential for the Rouge River to flood and cause damage to businesses in the
downtown area is a top hazard.
• Floodgates have been installed at many structures to successfully mitigate damages
caused by flooding.
High Winds and Winter Storms:
• High winds and winter storms have become a major concern for the residents of
Birmingham, posing risks to structures and power lines.
Hazardous Materials Transport:
• Woodward Avenue, a heavily traveled route through the city, has a history of
numerous vehicular accidents.
• The traffic includes trucks carrying hazardous materials, and nearby train tracks also
carry hazardous materials.
• A truck accident or train derailment resulting in a chemical spill presents significant
risks to the city and its residents.
Hazmat Training for Public Service Employees:
• A need exists to provide hazmat training to all public service employees to better
prepare them to respond to hazardous materials emergencies.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
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• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Birmingham
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide hazmat training to all members of the public safety departments.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Birmingham
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Birmingham Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide hazmat training to all members of the public
safety departments.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Annually, all department
employees are trained to an “Operations” level. Our
department also participates in OAKWAY HazMat Team
consisting of eight surrounding departments. Level of
training ranges from “Operations”, “Technicians” to
“Specialist”.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Establish Better Communication
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Birmingham
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Birmingham Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Establish better communication between the City and
the railroad companies to determine what is being
transported through the City.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Our department puts on annual
train emergency training each year. CN Railroad
network comes through our City, to prepare for an
incident we have updated contact personnel and
contact information for CN Railroad in our area. We
have requested Hazardous Materials commodity flow
through our area. This information covers all hazardous
materials transported through the community.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Install additional floodgates on older buildings located along the river.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Birmingham
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
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Continue hazmat training for all public safety personnel.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Birmingham
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State
and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
Really an ongoing 2005 action. This
one was "completed" to remove the
duplication.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Removed Mitigation Actions
Mutual Aid for High Rise Fires
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Birmingham
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Birmingham Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) We recently had a high-rise fire on the 14th/15th floors of
an apartment complex. Our ladder truck was unable to get
water streams to the fire floors. A mutual aid department
arrived with their ladder truck and we were able to
extinguish the fire.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The City of Birmingham has very little undeveloped
property to build either residential or commercial
property. Due to this, what use to be one and two floor
commercial buildings are now high rises and the potential
for high rise fires has increased. With this in mind the City
of Birmingham has engaged in mutual aid communities
that in the event of a high-rise fire would send their ladder
truck with personnel to help.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
REMOVE
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8. Bloomfield Township
Community Profile and Description
The Charter Township of Bloomfield is home to 44,253 people according to the 2020 U.S
Census. Its 26 square miles are distinguished by rolling hills, winding roads, and scenic lakes
and streams. Located in Oakland County, Michigan, Bloomfield Township is within easy
reach of the area’s major thoroughfares and expressways. It provides a full range of public
services, including its own police and full-time fire departments and road, water & sewer
divisions.
Because 95% of the Township is residential there is a special emphasis on the needs of
homeowners, but Bloomfield Township’s business community is thriving and growing.
Vibrant businesses including shops and restaurants can be found in the Township,
particularly along the Telegraph and Woodward Avenue corridors.
Hazards
Mitigation Plans:
• Bloomfield Township has developed its Hazard Mitigation Plan to maintain eligibility
for pre- and post-disaster FEMA grant funds.
• The township has two specific plans, a Flood Mitigation Project Plan dated July 2010,
and a Hazard Mitigation Plan dated August 2011.
Flooding Concerns:
• Flooding is a particular concern for Bloomfield Township. Franklin and 14-mile road
during heavy rains; Lahser and North Hickory experience flooding during heavy rains.
Water recedes quickly on both locations. Club Drive between Square Lake Rd and
Franklin Rd.
• Flooding is a result of drainage issues and lack of stormwater capacity and blockage
from debris.
Active Shooter
• Places of worship continue to be a concern for the township.
Average Age of the Township
• Power outages affect the elderly & is a concern during wind and storm events.
Other
• Sun pipeline goes through the township.
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• Railway goes through the center of the township.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
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• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide funding to rebuild drains and eliminate recurring flooding problems in the
Township, particularly in sections 13 and 14
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Bloomfield Township Department of Public
Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Potential Funding Source BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety, asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide funding to rebuild drains and
eliminate recurring flooding problems in the
Township, particularly in sections 13 and 14
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing - Further action is not a high-
priority
Provide the members of the public safety departments with additional hazmat
equipment and training
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Bloomfield Township
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
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Potential Funding Source HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing - Consolidated another
action by adding training
Install additional outdoor warning sirens within the community
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Bloomfield Township
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Potential Funding Source BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms,
Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority No Gaps - Currently Covered
Follow the recommendations outlined in the Flood Mitigation Action Plan.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Bloomfield Township
Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and asset
protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Participate in mutual aid assistance with surrounding communities (including 9-1-
1).
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Bloomfield Township Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Bloomfield Township Fire Department, Bloomfield
Township Police Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
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Encourage tree trimming and maintenance to prevent limb breakage and protect
nearby utility lines.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Bloomfield Township Department of
Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
Removed Mitigation Actions
Continue additional hazmat training.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents:
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Transportation Incident, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
REMOVE - CONSOLIDATE this action with
providing additional Hazmat Equipment
Action
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9. City of Bloomfield Hills
Community Profile and Description
The City of Bloomfield Hills is locate in Metro Detroit's northern suburbs. What is now
Bloomfield Hills was a farming area until the turn of the 20th century when wealthy Detroit
residents bought up the land. The settlement became a village in 1927, and in 1932
residents voted to become a city to avoid being incorporated into growing Birmingham.
Bloomfield Hills is the location of the National Historic Landmark Cranbrook Educational
Community and other historic sites listed on the national register of historic places. As of the
2020 U.S. Census, the population is 4,460. The total area of the City of Bloomfield Hills is
5.04 square miles.
Hazards
Floods:
• We have areas of our City that have flooded during high rain events multiple times.
These include the Hunt Club Subdivision, Bloomfield Parkway/ Woodward Ave
Intersections, Huntingwood Lane and Long Lake, Long Lake and Rathmore, and the
river flowing from Opdyke at St Hugo Church all the way SW to Lasher and Quarton.
Traffic Accidents:
• Woodward Avenue and Long Lake Road, the most traveled streets in the city, are
known for numerous traffic accidents, requiring traffic safety measures and road
improvements.
• The City of Bloomfield Hills has both a major thoroughfare for Woodward Ave which
splits passes through our entire City into the east and west halves. We also are the
home of CN Railroad major tracks traveled by. Hazardous materials are transported in
high quantities on both of these areas daily.
Hazmat Hazard:
• Concerns exist about hazardous materials traveling through the city via railroad,
posing a potential hazmat hazard.
• Emergency response planning and hazmat training are essential to address such risks.
High Winds and Thunderstorms:
• High winds and thunderstorms have caused power outages and other wind-related
damage.
• Measures should be taken to reinforce infrastructure and address the impact on older
trees.
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• Our City has an older population with many senior residents. Many of our homes are
older construction and all of our electric grid is above ground. This makes The City of
Bloomfield Hills more expectable to damage when these events occur.
Tornadoes:
• The City's electrical grid is all above ground. We have a large educational community
with boarding students as well as two large senior living communities.
Severe Hail:
• Structural damages caused by severe hail are a concern, necessitating building
inspections and improved building codes.
• Our City has an older population with many senior residents. Many of our homes are
older construction and all of our electric grid is above ground. This makes The City of
Bloomfield Hills more vulnerable to damage when these events occur.
Ice and Sleet Storms:
• Ice and sleet storms may impact above-ground power lines, requiring regular
maintenance and contingency plans for power restoration.
• Our City has an older population with many senior residents. Many of our homes are
older construction and all of our electric grid is above ground. We have two large
Senior Living Communities a major state highway and many roads.
Winter Storms and Blizzards:
• Winter storms and blizzards may cause traffic disruptions and threaten assisted living
facilities.
• Emergency response planning and coordination are crucial during such events.
• Our City has an older population with many senior residents. Many of our homes are
older construction and all of our electric grid is above ground. We have two large
Senior Living Communities a major state highway and many roads.
Communication System Failure:
• A potential communication system failure incident may impact police communication,
emphasizing the need for redundant communication channels.
Fuel Station Impact:
• The single fuel station in the city may be at risk during an oil and gas well accident,
requiring safety measures and preparedness plans.
Structural Fire Threat:
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• The Cranbrook School poses the biggest structural fire threat, necessitating fire safety
measures and emergency response planning.
Civil Disturbances:
• Student rallies may become civil disturbances requiring crowd management strategies
and law enforcement coordination.
Terrorism Threat:
• Multiple presidential and staff visits annually may increase the terrorism threat
requiring enhanced security measures and preparedness planning.
Public Health:
• Our older population makes any health emergency more critical.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Implement Flood Control Measures
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Bloomfield Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position DPW
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$5,000
Potential Funding Source Local
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduce Flooding by cleaning storm drains and
outlets
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2023
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
DPW cleans storm drains, waterways and road
grates to permit storm water to enter these outlets
and drain into the appropriate areas efficiently to
prevent water backups and flooding in the City of
Bloomfield Hills.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Bloomfield Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
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• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Continue to Provide Training for Public Safety Officers
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Bloomfield Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Public Safety Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High ($150,000 annually)
Potential Funding Source Annual FY budget, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Trained PSOs, reduction of liability
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing - Annual Need
Actual Completion Date 6/30/FY
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated All Hazards
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue to provide training for public
safety officers to assist in all emergency
needs of the City.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Address flooding problems along Opdyke Road.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Bloomfield Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High) High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Hire additional public safety officers to assist in all emergency needs of the City,
especially building fires.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Bloomfield Hills
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
New Command Structure
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Mutual Aid Improvements
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Annual budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Maintaining minimum manpower
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
December 2017
Actual Completion Date December 2017
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog, Invasive
Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer Storms,
Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes, Wildfires,
Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure Failure,
Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well Accidents,
Public Health Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-
Political Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social Unrest),
Structural Fire, Terrorism/ Weapons of Mass Destruction,
Transportation Accidents: Air, Transportation Accidents:
Highway, Transportation Accidents: Marine, Transportation
Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan
and Project Description, if
applicable
Fire apparatus improvement/accreditation
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed. Hired 16th PSO.
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The City and County are working together to coordinate installation of a new cell
tower to increase coverage of the OakWin Radio System.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Bloomfield Hills
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
CLEMIS (OakWIN)
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
AT&T
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source CLEMIS
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
November 2017
Actual Completion Date November 2017
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Note: The county is exploring the need to replace the
OakWin Radio System with a system that offers more
interoperability, capacity, and improved communications
with outside agencies (specifically with the State of
Michigan). The identification and implementation of an
improved radio system would address the aforementioned
deficiencies identified in this action.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Completed
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10. Brandon Township
Community Profile and Description
Brandon Township is located within the metro Flint, Michigan area. The Flint River
headwaters are in the Brandon Township. The Township of Brandon was created in 1837,
named in honor of the settlers of the Town of Brandon, Vermont, whose descendants had
migrated to this area of Michigan. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 15,384. The
total area of Brandon Township is 35.8 square miles.
Hazards
Tornado Threat to Manufactured Home Park:
• Tornadoes are a significant threat to the manufactured home park’s residents located
south of Seymour Lake Road between Dartmouth and Sashabaw Roads.
• Additional sirens serving this area are needed for improved warning and
preparedness.
Traffic Accidents on M-15:
• M-15, a heavily traveled two-lane road, has a history of numerous traffic accidents.
• Traffic safety measures and road improvements are essential to address this concern.
Flooding of Paint Creek:
• Paint Creek flooding results in the closing of Poli Road between Lockwood and
Sashabaw Roads.
• Flood mitigation measures should be considered to minimize the impact on the
community.
Ice Storms and High Winds:
• Ice storms are a significant threat, with residents experiencing extended power
outages.
• High winds knocking over trees and power lines are major concerns for the residents.
Switching Station Hazard:
• A switching station with battery backup on the corner of M-15 and Narrin Road poses
a potential hazard that requires monitoring and preparedness.
Crude Oil Pipeline:
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• A crude oil pipeline running just south of M-15 and Grange Hall Road poses a potential
hazard, necessitating safety measures and monitoring.
Propane Supplier Tanks:
• The propane supplier's 2-30,000-gallon tanks could be hazardous to the community.
• Proper safety measures and regulations should be in place to mitigate potential risks.
Dam Failure:
• The dam at Lake Louise poses a significant threat, potentially flooding hundreds of
homes downstream to the Village of Ortonville and the Flint Watershed.
• Emergency response planning and dam safety measures are crucial.
Flood Hazard from Kersley Creek:
• Kersley Creek flowing through the Village of Ortonville and to Flint Watershed
presents a flood hazard, particularly during Spring when it historically reaches high
levels.
Wildfire in State Park Property:
• The community's heavily wooded state park property is susceptible to wildfires,
especially under extremely dry conditions.
• Fire prevention and preparedness measures are necessary to reduce wildfire risks.
Hazardous Materials Incidents on M-15:
• The M-15 corridor is an area that requires monitoring for hazardous materials
incidents.
• Emergency response plans and hazmat training are essential for preparedness.
Invasive Species - Phragmites:
• Phragmites are a problem in the community and efforts should be made to address
and control the invasive species.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
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• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
New Fire Wells for Water Supply Throughout Township
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Brandon Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Brandon Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Brandon Township
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$300,000
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Water supply for structure fires
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2024 / Summer
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Wildfires, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site, Infrastructure Failure,
Structural Fire, Transportation Accidents:
Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
New Fire Wells for Water Supply Throughout
Township
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Brandon Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
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Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide additional tornado sirens.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Brandon Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Brandon Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide additional tornado sirens.
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Additional sirens have
been installed. Need to check on total
coverage map from Oakland County
Homeland Security.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Phragmite Invasion Reduction
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Brandon Township, Village of
Ortonville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Brandon Township
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduce the damage caused to roots
blocking drainage tiles and culverts.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to
5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Invasive Species
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Reduction of invasive species,
phragmites.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide confined space rescue equipment.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction Brandon Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Brandon Township
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Fixed Site, Infrastructure Failure,
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Address flooding on Poli Road.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Brandon Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2016. OCRC has built up Poli Road
- Road did not flood in Spring 2017.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2016. OCRC has built up Poli Road
- Road did not flood in Spring 2017.
Install a fire suppression well in downtown Ortonville to help with possible fire in
the downtown area.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Brandon Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown. Fire suppression well
was added, providing 350 GPM
well.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Unknown. Fire suppression well
was added, providing 350 GPM
well.
Implement the Brandon-Oxford-Addison narrow band grant to purchase narrow
band radios for the respective townships by 2013.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Brandon Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown. VHF Radio system has been completed.
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Date unknown. VHF Radio system has been completed.
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11. City of Clarkston
Community Profile and Description
The City of Clarkston was incorporated in 1884 as a Village. In 1992, Village residents voted
to incorporate the Village as a city in order to preserve its boundaries and local government.
As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 928. The City of Clarkston is small, with the
total area just over a half square mile (0.51 sq mi).
Hazards
Natural Hazards:
• Tornadoes, ice storms, and thunderstorms with high winds threaten the historical
downtown area and residents.
• Power outages affect the population, especially the elderly and those relying on
private wells for water supply.
Fire Hazards:
• Older buildings on Main Street lack modern fire preventive systems.
• In a fire in the downtown area, assistance from neighboring communities may be
required.
Tornado Hazards:
• Tornadoes are a significant hazard of concern to the city.
Transportation Accidents on M-15:
• Transportation accidents on M-15 have become a major concern for Clarkston's
residents.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clarkston
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Create a Program to Provide Water, Oxygen and Medication to Senior Citizens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clarkston
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Clarkston City Manager's Office
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
On Hold
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Create a program that would provide water,
oxygen and medication to senior citizens in
cases of power outages due to weather or
infrastructure failures.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: On Hold
2023 Update: Ongoing
Generators
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clarkston and Independence Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Independence Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$30,000
Potential Funding Source Local funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) By allowing the City offices to stay open to the public
during a power outage, City Officials will be able to better
coordinate response efforts, and improve critical
communication with the public.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Purchase of a generator for city offices
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Overgrown Tree Reporting Campaign
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Independence Township and City of Clarkston
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Independence Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
DTE Energy
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$1,000
Potential Funding Source Local finds, Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) By identifying overgrown and dead trees close to DTE
Energy's electrical infrastructure and passing this
information along to them, we will reduce the number of
power outages in our community during storm and wind
events
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The Independence Fire Department, would create and
lead a program for reporting overgrown and dead trees
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near electrical power lines. This would include a public
awareness campaign, including the creation and
distribution pamphlets. It would also include press
release(s) and website postings. A web based GIS
application for the public to report the location and
description of electrical hazard would be developed and
promoted, as well. Ultimately this will lead to a safer
community, with less power outages during thunderstorm
and high wind events.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Coordinate programs with neighboring communities to improve mutual assistance
in times of power outages and other emergencies.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clarkston
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Coordinate programs with neighboring communities to improve mutual assistance
in times of power outages and other emergencies.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clarkston
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
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12. City of Clawson
Community Profile and Description
The City of Clawson's name is a misspelling of John Lawson's name, a local settler. It was
incorporated in 1921 as a village and in 1940 as a city. The City of Clawson is part of the
Detroit Metro area. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 11,389. The total area of
the City of Clawson is 2.20 square miles.
Hazards
At-Risk Populations:
• The 15-story senior citizens complex poses specific risks in the event of structural
fires, tornadoes, and high winds.
o Preparedness and emergency response plans are necessary to address potential
threats to the residents.
o Fire Department exercises with them once a year.
• Nursing home next to the police station (two-story facility). They have a response
plan.
Hazmat Incidents:
• Trucks carrying hazardous materials along Fourteen Mile Road create a potential
hazmat hazard, endangering the lives of Clawson's citizens.
• Measures should be taken to ensure proper safety and response protocols.
• Added no left turn signs recently to mitigate travel through the city.
Airplane Accident Risk:
• A local elementary school is in the direct flight path of Oakland Troy Airport.
o School is scheduled to be replaced with Condos in 2024.
• Although the likelihood of an airplane accident is remote, the potential consequences
could be devastating.
• Emergency response plans and preparedness should be in place to address this
potential risk.
Pipeline Rupture
• Additional emergency response, manpower, and training are needed to address
potential hazards, including the risk of a pipeline rupture.
High Winds:
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• High winds parallel to Fourteen Mile Road cause major property damage in that area,
requiring mitigation measures.
Aging Infrastructure:
• Sewer and water main lines in the City are over 30 years old, putting them at risk for
failure and infrastructure failure.
• The water main under the high school poses a potential risk, necessitating
contingency plans for evacuation and continued education in case of failure.
o All the schools are going through renovation over the next three years. High
School water main has been removed as part of the renovation is no longer an
issue.
Flood
• Elmsford Street: floods routinely. Homes/basement flooding.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Update Building Security in City Hall
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clawson
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Clawson Police
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest)
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Police Department is in the City
Hall.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clawson
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
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underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide additional hazmat equipment to be made available to area communities in
situations where mutual aid is needed.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clawson
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance regional capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide additional hazmat equipment to be
made available to area communities in
situations where mutual aid is needed.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Provide specific training, additional manpower and equipment to be used in the
event of a plane crash in the vicinity of local elementary school.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clawson
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Police and Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Air
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide specific training, additional manpower
and equipment to be used in the event of a
plane crash in the vicinity of local elementary
school.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing: The School will be demolished next
year and will be replaced by condos in the
coming years.
Review and update evacuation plan for the two-story Mission Point Health System
and 15-story Senior Citizen Complex.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clawson
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Clawson Police Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Review and update evacuation plan for the two-story
Mission Point Health System and 15-story Senior Citizen
Complex.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
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Completed Mitigation Actions
Upgrade generators in the city hall and fire hall, the 2 named command posts for
emergencies.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clawson
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown. Upgraded generators to PD &
FD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Upgrade generators in the city hall and
fire hall, the 2 named command posts
for emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completion date unknown. Upgraded
generators to PD & FD
Removed Mitigation Actions
Hire additional manpower so that there is a sufficient level of preparedness to
respond to major emergencies.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clawson
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Clawson
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
Low
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for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Financial limitation.
2023 Update: Remove this action
Include the department of public works in the OakWin Radio System.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clawson
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Clawson, County
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
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Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need to
replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that offers
more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with the
State of Michigan). The identification and implementation of
an improved radio system would address the
aforementioned deficiencies identified in this action.
2023 Update: Remove
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13. Commerce Township
Community Profile and Description
Commerce Township is a suburb of Detroit, and the Huron River runs mostly north-south
through the township. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 43,058. The total land
area of Commerce Township is 29.8 square miles.
Hazards
Tornado Incidents:
• A tornado touching down in the Township poses a significant threat to all citizens.
• Mobile home park residents located west of Wixom Road, between Loon Lake and
Glengary Roads, are particularly vulnerable.
Floodplain and Increased Flooding:
• Several buildings are located in a floodplain area.
• There has been increased flooding of Hayes Creek recently, requiring flood mitigation
measures.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Three companies in the Township are identified as potential hazmat risks to the
community.
• Preparedness and response plans should be in place to address potential hazmat
emergencies.
Multi-Vehicle Accidents:
• The likelihood of multi-vehicle accidents on M-5, Union Lake Road, or Haggerty Road
is identified as a hazard.
• Traffic safety measures and accident prevention strategies should be implemented.
Securing Police and Fire Stations:
• Securing police and fire stations with cameras and fencing is a priority to protect them
from vandalism or theft.
Mobile Command Vehicles:
• The Township needs mobile command vehicles for emergencies, missing children,
power outages, floods, tornadoes, etc.
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Radio Dead Zones:
• Radio dead zones are present in some areas, including the 3 high schools, even after
changing to the OakWin Radio System.
• Installation of bi-directional antennas is a top priority to improve communication
reliability.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Commerce Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
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Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Advocate for Widening Union Lake and Haggerty Roads
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Commerce Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Commerce Township Planning Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure to enhance safety and
response
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure, Transportation
Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Advocate for widening Union Lake and
Haggerty Roads to 5 lanes for improved
public safety and emergency vehicle access.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Still a goal, but no
current construction plans are in place.
2023 Update: This is ongoing and expect
much progress in 2024.
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Increase staffing of Fire Department
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Commerce Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Commerce Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$1,350,000
Potential Funding Source Mileage
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased efficiency and safety for Firefighting and
emergency mitigation
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2021
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Commerce will add career firefighters every year until all
stations are staffed with at least 2 firefighters 24/7
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Install additional tornado sirens and implement an educational program that
increases the public’s awareness of their vulnerability to tornadoes.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction Commerce Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
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Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms,
Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Supply the fire department with necessary hazmat equipment.
Year Initiated
Applicable Jurisdiction Commerce Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2005
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed
Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Acquire Equipment to Allow Radio Communication
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Commerce Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Acquire equipment to allow radio communication in all
buildings in the Township (including schools) to improve
public safety.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed, date unknown
Acquire equipment to allow radio communication in all buildings in the Township
(including schools) to improve public safety.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Commerce Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
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for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Completed
Purchase water rescue equipment
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $50,000
Potential Funding Source Mileage
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Emergency response to water-
related emergencies
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, High Hazard Dams,
Transportation Accidents: Marine
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Purchase of rescue boat for all
inland lakes
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority This goal has been accomplished.
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14. City of Farmington
Community Profile and Description
Farmington was the site of three Native American trails - the Orchard Lake Trail, the Grand
River Trail, and the Shiawassee Trail. Farmington was founded in 1824 by Arthur Power. As
of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 11,597. The total area of the City of Farmington is
2.66 square miles.
Hazards
Fire and Tornado Incidents:
• The possibility of a fire or tornado hitting high-rise senior citizen facilities creates
specific concerns, particularly for the fire department.
• Mitigation measures and emergency response plans are needed to address these
potential hazards.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Two companies within the city present hazmat risks to the community.
• Specific training with other communities in large-scale emergencies is requested to
enhance preparedness.
• Farmington has three (3) SARA Title III facilities within its jurisdiction. These facilities
are near residential areas and schools. Because of their locations, an incident at one
of these facilities would have severe impact on surrounding homes, businesses, and
schools.
Flooding Incidents:
• The Valley View Condos, situated along a river in a low-lying area, are at risk of
flooding.
• The Warner Farms subdivision also experiences flooding during frequent or heavy
rainfall.
• Flood mitigation measures are required to address these flooding issues.
• The Rouge River runs through the City of Farmington. The Shiawassee Park and
surrounding homes and condo complexes are within the rivers' floodplain. When the
river floods, it displaces vehicles and residents.
Fog Incidents:
• Farmington has low laying water sources capable of producing fog in proper
circumstances. Dense fog can make travel on M5 or Grand River dangerous.
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Senior Living Facility:
• The senior high-rise facility with 153 apartments faces challenges during power
outages.
• The building's generator only heats one common area and powers the elevators,
leaving many residents nowhere to go.
• The complex has enlisted a generator company on standby to improve resilience
during power outages.
Terrorism:
• Farmington is home to two public schools and one private school. There have been
many acts of school violence, and there is no prediction on where assaults occur.
Cyber Security:
• Police departments and municipalities are targets for cybercrime from nefarious
hackers.
Infrastructure Failure
• Within Farmington there are DTE Power substations. An incident at one of these
substations could result in the loss of power. Although Farmington Public Safety
Department has a generator, the loss of infrastructure services would impact the
resident and our ability to serve them.
• There are two electric wastewater lift pumps that prevent contaminated water from
spilling into the Rouge River. A failure of one of these pumps could result in
contaminated water spilling into the river.
• The City also has a 3-million-gallon wastewater retention/pump building that prevents
waste from backing up into homes during an outage.
Invasive Species
• The Rouge River runs through the Shiawassee Park and transports a number of native
and invasive species of insects and foliage. The city is currently experiencing a possible
infestation of Spongy Moths in the Rouge River basin.
Major Transportation Incidents
• M5 and Grand River Avenue are both major thoroughfares for private and commercial
vehicles. An incident on either of these roads would impact travel. These trunklines
also transport hazardous materials and incident on one of these roads could tax local
emergency services.
Socio-Political Hazards
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• Farmington has a prosperous downtown. This social gathering district is advantageous
to those who want to make their voices heard. Farmington has experienced socio-
political rallies and with these types of functions comes supporting and counter-
supporting points of view. Mitigating these incidents can tax resources.
Structural Fire
• The downtown business district has row-stye construction businesses. These buildings
share a common wall and fires within these districts can be difficult to contain. Many
of these buildings are very old and have experienced renovations.
Weapons of Mass Destruction
• Farmington is near the City of Detroit, which could be a target for WMD attack. Due to
its proximity, Farmington could experience the effects of a WMD not specifically
intended for the City.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Storm Sewer Improvements
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Farmington DPW
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Storm sewer improvements - reduce flooding,
automatic transfer switch and standby generator at
9 Mile Booster stream bank. Stabilization/restoration
bridge inspections.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
Ongoing
Additional New/Reserve Firefighters
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Farmington DPS
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $7,000 per new firefighter
Potential Funding Source Budgeted
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural
Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
Hiring of new additional reserve
firefighters for fire suppression and
large-scale incidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide regular hazmat training to members of the fire department.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown, but complete
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High) High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Provide additional training for responding to mass emergencies.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown, but complete
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Need for Bi-Directional Antennas for Dead Zones
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
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Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown, but complete.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Radio dead zones are still present even after changing over
to the OakWin Radio System. Most of the dead zones are in
the 2 high schools and nursing homes. The need for bi-
directional antennas is a top priority.
Note: The county is exploring the need to replace the
OakWin Radio System with a system that offers more
interoperability, capacity, and improved communications
with outside agencies (specifically with the State of
Michigan). The identification and implementation of an
improved radio system would address the aforementioned
deficiencies identified in this action.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
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15. City of Farmington Hills
Community Profile and Description
Farmington Hills is the second largest city in Oakland County in the state of Michigan with a
total area of 33.31 square miles. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population was 83,986. It is
part of the upscale northwestern suburbs of Metropolitan Detroit, approximately 20 miles
northeast of downtown Ann Arbor. It is a diverse community that embraces cultural
diversity; Farmington Hills residents speak more than 80 different languages.
Farmington Hills consistently ranks as one of the safest cities in the United States, as well as
in the state of Michigan. In 2010, the area ranked as the 30th safest city in America.
Farmington Hills also ranks as the 36th highest-income place in the United States with a
population of 50,000 or more and ranks as Americas 14th best city to live in by 24/7 Wall St.
Farmington Hills operates under the Council-Manager form of government, the most
successful and fastest-growing form of government in U.S. municipalities today.
Farmington Hills is a world-class business center containing 3,500 businesses from start-ups
to International Fortune 500 companies. It’s centrally located near three major highways in
South Oakland County, and shares a border with Wayne County. There are three
international airports within a 35-minute drive.
Hazards
Flooding Incidents:
• The City has a history of flooding problems, with areas near Fourteen Mile and
Halsted Roads and Grand River Avenue at Ten Mile Road being of greatest concern.
• Debris management and streambank erosion control are needed to address flood-
related hazards, including 500 road and stream crossings.
Tornado and High Wind Incidents:
• Tornadoes and high winds present risks to the entire City, with manufactured homes
particularly vulnerable to tornadoes.
• Debris mitigation for a 3-million-gallon elevated water tank is necessary to address
high winds.
Severe Winter Storms: Snow and Ice Storms:
• Frequent power outages during winter storms are a problem in the community,
especially along major highways including I-696, M-5, and I-275.
• Tree trimming and debris management are needed to increase visibility and improve
emergency response.
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Earthquake Incidents:
• Historical structures are vulnerable to earthquake incidents, and power outages may
occur.
Water Infrastructure:
• The City added a 3-million-gallon water tower at 27245 Halsted Rd, operational since
June 2014, and a 2.8-million-gallon storage tunnel under Middlebelt Road for excess
sewage or water runoff during wet weather.
Hazmat Incidents:
• Numerous gas and oil pipelines running through the City pose a potential hazmat
hazard.
• Several buildings containing hazardous materials within the City could be potential
sites for hazmat incidents.
• Chemical companies like PMB, Town & Company, and The Hawk pose additional risks,
as well as onsite fuel facilities.
Active Shooter Incidents:
• Vulnerable locations for active shooter incidents include the community center,
municipal facilities, and religious institutions.
Wildfire and Invasive Species:
• Large, wooded areas like Heritage Park and historically designated infrastructure are
vulnerable to wildfire.
• Invasive species impact parks and corridors, affecting natural plants.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Stabilize Culvert and Bridge End Sections
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Farmington Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Farmington Hills Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Hazard Dams, Earthquake, Flooding,
Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Stabilize culvert and bridge end sections, head
walls, wingwalls, etc. for scour, erosion, and
potential flood damage
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Address Need for Back-Up Power for Critical Facilities
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Farmington Hills
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Farmington Hills Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short-term
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
High
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for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Address Need for Back-Up Power for Critical Facilities
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Facilities Hardening for Active Shooter
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Farmington Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Farmington Hills Police
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of
funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short-term
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Active Shooter/Active Assailant
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Facilities Hardening for Active
Shooter
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Address Flooding Problems Caused by Choke Points
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Farmington Hills Department of Public
Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/GMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Address flooding problems caused by choke points
in the Rouge River or the failure of the sewer
system and flooding that results in road closures or
residential/business damage.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The sewer system back up
was addressed with a 3/4 of a mile x 8 ft. tunnel for
sewage retention. This project was completed in
2017.
The Minnow Pond at 14 and Halsted is slated to be
completed during the next 5-year cycle.
2019 Update: Completed - The Minnow Pond at 14
and Halsted is slated to be completed during the
next 5-year cycle.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Study the Feasibility of Installing Additional Entrances and Exits to/from I-696
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Farmington Hills Department of Public
Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance infrastructure to promote safety and
emergency vehicle access
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Study the feasibility of installing additional
entrances and exits to/from I-696 to improve
emergency vehicle access to accident sites.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
On Hold
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Seek Funding to Provide Boosters to the OakWin Radio System
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington Hills
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Farmington Hills Central Services, County
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Seek funding to provide boosters to the OakWin Radio
System to eliminate or reduce dead spots inside and
outside of buildings.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need to
replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that offers
more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with the
State of Michigan). The identification and implementation of
an improved radio system would address the
aforementioned deficiencies identified in this action.
2023 Update: Ongoing / In process - Oakland County has
transitioned to a new radio system, which is now integrated
into the Michigan Public Safety Communications System,
and will benefit the entire county.
Emergency Water Main Tie Ins
Year Initiated 2017
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Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Farmington Hills Department of
Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations GLWA
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $3 million or $1 million each
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Water loss to the community and region
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Early 2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Emergency water main tie ins to
neighboring communities. One to
Southfield, one to West Bloomfield, and one
to Novi.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Upgrade or Replace Current Communication System
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington Hills
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
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Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Upgrade or replace the current communication equipment
used by the public safety departments and community alert
system.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Complete
Provide Backup Power to Operate Traffic Signals and Life Stations
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Farmington Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Wildfires, Infrastructure Failure,
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide backup power to operate traffic signals and lift
stations at times of power outages. Reduce the
potential hazards and property damage due to
flooding, including traffic accidents, sanitary backups
and loss of commerce caused by power outages.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
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16. City of Ferndale
Community Profile and Description
Ferndale was incorporated into a village in 1918 and then incorporated into a city on March
7, 1927. Native Americans were early inhabitants of the area now known as the City of
Ferndale. Ferndale is well known in the Detroit area for its LGBT population and progressive
policies. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 19,190. The total area of the City of
Ferndale is 3.88 square miles.
Hazards
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Potential for hazmat accidents involving trucks, trains, or local businesses exists.
• Woodward Avenue, Eight Mile Road, and I-696 are primary routes for large trucks
carrying hazardous materials through the City.
• Train derailments with chemical spills risk neighborhoods along the tracks.
Rail Yard Hazards:
• A rail yard in the City has significant storage of hazardous materials, and a rail accident
at Motor Yard CN rail is possible.
Local Business Risks:
• Multiple local businesses pose potential risks due to the nature of products stored at
their facilities.
• The fire department may not be adequately equipped to respond to hazmat accidents
at some sites.
Electrical Power Loss and Tornado Incidents:
• The loss of electrical power due to severe weather or infrastructure failure is a
concern.
• The threat of tornadoes poses risks to the community.
Sewer and Stormwater System Concerns:
• Ferndale's sewer and stormwater systems cannot handle heavy rain, leading to flash
flooding.
Water Infrastructure Risk:
• The water system is well maintained, but sections have very old mains.
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Invasive Species:
• Rats and leptospirosis are invasive species of concern.
Airport and Helicopter Traffic:
• The City is under the flight path for metro/city airports, with contact helicopter traffic
present.
Thunderstorms, Hail, and Lightning:
• Our community has about 12k trees of varying height and diameter in ROW. They are
especially vulnerable to the increasing storms that generate high winds and heavy
precipitation. When limbs and trees fall, they damage private property.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Ferndale
Lead Agency/ Organization Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
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Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Tree Inspection and Maintenance
Year Initiated 2016 (Action was identified and added during the
2023 update)
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Ferndale
Lead Agency/ Organization Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations City of Ferndale
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low, $65,000
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Lower insurance claims, safety issues and down
utility lines.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated • High Winds/Severe Winds
• Ice and/or Sleet Storms
• Thunderstorms (Lightning)
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Use arborists to identify and inspect trees
belonging to the City, maintain records and use
the data to prioritize a work plan for addressing the
backlog of tree maintenance.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Conduct Ongoing Training for Public Safety Personnel
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Ferndale
Lead Agency / Organization / Position FD/Hazmat PD/Civil Disturbance
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations City Hall
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source City General Fund
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Continual
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Rail, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest)
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Conduct ongoing training for public safety personnel
to be prepared for hazmat incidents or civil
disturbances in the community.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Always ongoing.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Generator for DPW/DPS
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Ferndale
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of operations
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Generator for the DPW/DPS to keep the gas pumps,
mechanics, sign shop, communications, phones, radios.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Water pump stations have backup power,
which were installed in 2016-17. Need to obtain generators
for other facilities/assets that do not have secondary
power.
Narrow Banded Radio
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Ferndale
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
DPW
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Fire Rescue/Emergency Services
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source City General Fund
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Immediate communication with DPW in the field
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Narrow banded radio for DPW/DPS
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Ongoing: Police and Fire are transitioning to
the new Oakland County radio system. DPW uses a
Verizon-based radio system. Ongoing action is to connect
and enable DPW to communicate with Fire and Police.
Completed Mitigation Actions
Equip Fire Department with Bio-Chemical Suit
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Ferndale
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown, but complete.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
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Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Store an Adequate Supply of Bottled Water
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Ferndale
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown, but complete.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Store an adequate supply of bottled water to be
distributed to citizens, particularly the elderly,
when the water supply and electricity are lost due
to a power outage from ice or windstorms.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed
Obtain Backup Generators for Police Headquarters and City Hall
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Ferndale
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Ferndale
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations DPW/FD/PD
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source City general fund
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Loss of 911 PSAP averted
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Generator installed,
maintains city hall, police dispatch, and whole
department. Allows for local EOC (not set up
yet). Generator just completed.
2023 Update: Completed
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17. Village of Franklin
Community Profile and Description
The community was founded in 1825 and named after Benjamin Franklin in 1831. Franklin
was incorporated into a Village in 1953. The community is known for large, estate-style
homes situated on ravines, as well as its vintage downtown and a nearby cider mill. As of
the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 3,139. The total area of the Village of Franklin is 2.66
square miles.
Hazards
Natural Hazards:
• The City has experienced significant damage from tornadoes and high winds, leading
to the need for debris removal.
• Ice storms pose a significant threat, resulting in extended power outages, fallen trees,
and power lines.
• Flooding on Fourteen Mile and Franklin Roads is a concern.
Fire Safety:
• The lack of fire hydrants in the downtown district is a major concern in the event of a
major fire.
Pipeline Rupture:
• The potential rupture in the 12-inch pipeline along Fourteen Mile Road and Inkster is
a local concern.
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities:
• The community's water supply relies on individual private wells, and wastewater
disposal depends on grinder pump systems; these are both at risk during electrical
power failures.
At-Risk Populations:
• The elderly population in Ferndale is large and may require assistance during an
evacuation.
Snow and Ice-Related Hazards:
• Dead and untrimmed trees threaten electrical utilities and road blockages during
severe snow and ice incidents.
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Flood-Related Hazards:
• The community's tributary to the Rouge River can cause flooding to roadways and
residential areas during severe rain events.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• The proximity of a gas station to the fire department and a river road presents risks
for potential HAZMAT incidents.
Transportation Incidents:
• Transportation incidents on Community Road can disrupt traffic flow.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Remove Debris from Rogue River Tributary within Village Jurisdiction
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Franklin Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) > $10,000
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding
to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Prevention of Flooding impacts
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Remove Debris from Rogue River
Tributary within Village Jurisdiction
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
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Remove Dead Trees and Trim Adjoint to Roadways
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Franklin Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
> $100,000
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Transportation Impacts
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Remove dead trees and trim existing adjoint
to roadways to divert transportation impacts
during severe weather impacts
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
High
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each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Acquire Equipment to Assist with Debris Removal
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Franklin Department of Public
Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase capabilities to recover from
disaster
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Acquire equipment to assist in debris
removal following tornado and/or high
windstorms.
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Acquire Equipment to Assist in Dead and Live Tree Removal
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Franklin Department of Public
Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase capabilities to recover from
disaster
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Acquire equipment to assist in dead and
live tree removal around power lines.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Dead Tree Removal
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Franklin Police
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 5
Improve and support public and private
organizational response capabilities.
Prevention and reduction of damage to
public and private property and
infrastructure.
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Severe
Winter Storms, Infrastructure Failure,
Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Large trees that will fall and cause power
line issues. These dead trees need to be
cleared from power lines.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Seek Funding for Purchasing Generator
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Franklin
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of operations by ensuring
essential functions are operational
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Seek funding for purchase of a
generator for use/installation in local
church or school shelter.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide Hazmat Detection Equipment
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
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Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown, but complete
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Provide hazmat detection
equipment to the police and fire
departments.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Upgrade Existing, or Purchase New Equipment
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Unknown, but complete
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Upgrade existing, or purchase new, equipment that will
provide better communication within the departments and
between communities.
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Acquire Equipment to Boost Radio Communication
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Village of Franklin
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Acquire equipment to boost radio communication in all
buildings.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Partially completed with new
booster and FD hall.
2023 Update: Completed
Generator
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Franklin Police Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 6
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of operations by ensuring essential functions are
operational
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Seek funding for purchase and installation of a new
generator for the Village of Franklin offices. Currently, the
Village offices do not have generator power should the
power go out, which will negatively affect village services.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Completed
Removed Mitigation Actions
Maintain and Emergency Supply of Water
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Franklin
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed (date unknown)
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Maintain an emergency supply of water that
can be distributed to those residents who lose
electric power and are unable to use their
wells.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Removed
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18. Groveland Township
Community Profile and Description
Groveland Township was established in 1835. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is
5,912. The total area of Groveland Township is 36.1 square miles. There are two
unincorporated communities with the Township, Austin Corners and Groveland Corners.
Hazards
Tornado and High-Wind Incidents:
• The entire community faces a significant threat from tornadoes and high-wind
incidents.
• Residents of the manufactured home park off Dixie Highway and Oak Hill Road are
particularly vulnerable.
Flooding:
• The Township has numerous flood-prone areas, leading to frequent road closings.
• McGinnis, Perryville, Jossman, and Tripp Roads are among the most affected by
floods.
Inaccessible Locations:
• With over 4,800 acres of grasses and shrubland, many remote locations in the
Township are difficult for emergency vehicles to access.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Hazmat incidents involving trucks traveling on I-75, M-15, and Dixie Highway are a
potential concern.
Special Events:
• The annual Renaissance Festival held along Dixie Highway poses the potential for civil
disturbances or other emergencies.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
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During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Groveland Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
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underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Ongoing Training to Assure Highest Quality Response
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Groveland Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Groveland Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide ongoing training to assure the highest quality
response to Township residents.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing. We have reviewed our situation and have
concluded we have trained in enough situations the staff
can react to all but the most extreme conditions. In that
case, we know we can call on mutual aid.
Camp Tamarack Park Evacuation Plan
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Groveland Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Groveland Township Fire Department
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Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Very limited
Potential Funding Source Local budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Resident protection from severe weather by having an
evacuation plan and predetermined shelters in place.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Develop an evacuation plan for the Camp Tamarack Park.
Meet with Camp leadership to determine needs and how
plan would be utilized, develop transportation plan to move
campers and verify shelter(s) locations and ability to meet
needs.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Ongoing - Camp Tamarack has added
additional security and plans to shelter in place unless
absolutely necessary
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide adequate equipment and training necessary to deal with hazmat
accidents, particularly on I-75, M-15 and Dixie Highway.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Groveland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Provide Funding to Purchase a Brush Truck
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Groveland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide funding to purchase a brush truck to
assist in fighting fires in back country areas
that are not easily accessible to current
emergency equipment.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed
Install at Least 1 Additional Tornado Siren
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Groveland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date
unknown
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Removed Mitigation Actions
Raise and improve roads that are susceptible to flooding.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Groveland
Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Removed
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19. City of Hazel Park
Community Profile and Description
The City of Hazel Park was incorporated in 1941. The City's motto is "the friendly city." As of
the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 14,983. The total area of the City of Hazel Park is
2.82 square miles.
Hazards
HAZMAT Incidents:
• The presence of companies storing hazardous materials and trucks carrying such
materials through the city requires additional equipment and training to respond to
potential hazmat accidents.
Fire Hazards:
• Hazel Park has two older structures that are significant fire hazards, and the lack of
high-angle rescue equipment could complicate firefighting efforts.
Traffic Accidents:
• The S-curve on I-75 through the city and increased traffic flow raise concerns about
traffic accidents.
Power Outages:
• Thunderstorms and high winds can cause power outages in the city.
Overhead Utility Lines:
• The Fire Department's emergency vehicle ramp has utility lines overhead,
necessitating the replacement of these lines with underground utilities.
Thunderstorms, Lightning, and Hail:
• Thunderstorms can lead to trees falling on power lines and potential power failures.
Flood-related Hazards:
• Flash flooding on I-75 between 9 Mile and I-696 during heavy rain events poses an
issue, especially as the city relies on an old drainage system.
Active Shooter Incidents:
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• The Amazon package center in the Commerce Center and the LG facility have
experienced shooting incidents, raising concerns about active shooter incidents.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Two separate lithium battery manufacturers, Akasol and LG, at the Commerce Center,
pose large-scale HAZMAT risks. The K.C. Jones Plating facility in a residential area also
facilitates hot salt plating.
Major Transportation Incidents:
• The 8-Mile overpass bridge at I-75 is structurally challenged, and incidents like semi-
tractor spills and the 9-mile Bridge fire and collapse in 2011 have occurred.
o Immediate attention is required for these transportation issues.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Bury power lines / trim trees
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Hazel Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position DTE
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Unknown
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Move Power lines to below ground /
trim trees in areas underground is not
feasible
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Mitigate Lithium Battery Incidents
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Hazel Park / Hazel Park Fire
Department
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Hazel Park Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Unknown
Potential Funding Source HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life and Building Safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
ASAP
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Lithium Battery incidents, train and equip
firefighters to safely extinguish and mitigate
lithium battery incidents, Transportation
Accidents: Highway
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Hazel Park
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Fire Department with Additional Training and Equipment
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Hazel Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Hazel Park Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed
Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide the fire department with
additional training and rescue equipment
to deal with hazmat accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Financial
Constraints.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Move overhead wires above Fire Department to underground
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Hazel Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Hazel Park Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Remove overhead wires and replace
with underground system
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
Removed Mitigation Actions
The City of Hazel Park will continue to implement the same mitigation strategies
identified in 2005.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Hazel Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
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Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Structural
Fires
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority RECOMMENDED FOR REMOVAL
Equip Fire Department with High Angle Rescue Equipment
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Hazel Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Hazel Park Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fires
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Equip the fire department with high
angle rescue equipment to assist in the
fighting of building fires.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Financial
Constraints.
2023 Update: REMOVE
Hire Additional Fire Inspectors
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Hazel Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Hazel Park Fire
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
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Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing.
Financial Constraints.
2023 Update: REMOVE
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20. Highland Township
Community Profile and Description
Highland Township is a suburb of Detroit and was founded in 1835 by pioneer families. As of
the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 19,172. The total area of Highland Township is 35.8
square miles and nearly one quarter of the land in Highland Township is owned by the State
of Michigan as part of the Highland Recreation Area. There are six unincorporated
communities in Highland Township: Clyde, East Highland, Hickory Ridge, Highland, Seven
Harbors and West Highland.
Hazards
Power Outage Risk:
• The rural area with over 2,600 acres of forest land is vulnerable to power outages
caused by falling trees and limbs during ice or windstorms, leading to hardships for
residents and local businesses.
Tornado Incidents:
• Manufactured home communities, including Highland Hills, Highland Greens, and
Hickory Ridge, are at greatest risk in the event of a tornado, requiring specific
attention to their safety.
Commercial Truck Traffic:
• M-59 (Highland Rd.) is the main thoroughfare and access to US-23, resulting in a high
volume of commercial truck traffic, including hazardous materials.
Train Derailment Hazard:
• The risk of a train derailment could result in a hazardous material spill in the area.
Environmental Contamination:
• With numerous lakes, streams, ponds, water retention areas, and wetlands covering
over two square miles, there is a potential risk of environmental contamination.
Water Supply System:
• Around 15-20% of the Township is covered by a water supply system (wet or dry
hydrants), but access to many lakes in previously developed areas is limited or
impossible, requiring careful planning for water access during emergencies.
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Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Highland Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
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• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Increase Manpower Available
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Highland Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Highland Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources
of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated All Hazards
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Increase manpower available to respond in the event of
an emergency in the Township.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. We currently staff (2)
personnel on duty 24/7 90% of the time, with a
minimum of at least (1) person, part time staff. Staff is
increased utilizing Paid on Call personnel. All Fire
Department coverage staff is Fire Fighter I&II, and
EMT-B or higher.
2023 Update: Ongoing
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CERT Training
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Highland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Highland Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated All Hazards
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
CERT (Citizen Emergency Response Team)
training/recruitment to assist in the event of a
local or regional emergency.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. While it has been
discussed repeatedly, there has been no
progress on the development of a CERT
program.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Oakland County IMT
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Highland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Highland Township Fire
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance regional capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated All Hazards
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Fire Chief to join the Oakland
County Incident Management
Team.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Initiated
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2023 Update: Ongoing, always
looking to add qualified
candidates.
Completed Mitigation Actions
Create Emergency Back-up Communication System
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Highland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure,
Structural Fires
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Create an emergency back-up
communication system to be used during ice
and windstorms and the resulting power
outages.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed
Removed Mitigation Actions
Install 1 Additional Tornado Siren
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Highland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Structural
Fires
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Install 1 additional tornado siren in the
northeast section of the Township.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: On Hold. Unknown status due to
a change in FD administration, and lack of
documents or information regarding any
changes.
2023 Update: REMOVE
Hazard Assessment Position
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Highland Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Highland Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase preparedness and planning capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Hire a new position specifically tasked with hazard
assessment.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Remove
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21. Holly Township
Community Profile and Description
Our area is rural & zoned residential (52%), Ag/Recreation/Park (40%) and
Gov./Industrial/Commercial (8%). We have large agricultural buildings such as barns, feed
storage, Ag fuel/chemical storage and large indoor riding arenas with stables. Only 12% of
our area is protected by hydrants. Other occupancies are Camp Grounds that serve 2500
campers daily, a MI State Park with overnight camping, two beach areas, several
recreational lakes and picnic activity areas with miles of hiking trails, 2 schools, 2 low income
trailer parks with 650 housing units, 15 nursing /assisted living homes, several daycares, an
entertainment venue with daily attendance in excess of 25,000, and the large, busy and
expanding 1000 acre Veterans Administration National Cemetery that conducts up to 30
services and burials a day. Residential housing is growing. In 2021 housing developments
have added an additional 150 residences with over 250 projected for 2022. The new homes
added in 2022 and continuing in 2023 are an expansion of a mobile home park targeting
seniors and low-income residents. A planned convalescent home with 91 beds is in
development for and residential development of 300 new living units for 2023-2025.
Hazards
Tornado Incidents:
• Tornadoes are a significant threat to all residents, with special concern for those in
the Holly Hills manufactured home park.
• Township officials desire additional warning sirens to improve alerting capabilities
during tornado events.
Flooding and Wetlands:
• With over 4,300 acres of wetlands, flooding can be a problem in the Township. Road
Commission efforts and seeking grants for road elevation have helped mitigate
flooding in certain areas, but more actions are needed.
Renaissance Festival Concerns:
• The annual Renaissance Festival attracts a large crowd, making it potentially
susceptible to civil disturbances or mass casualty events. The lack of an evacuation
plan and the close proximity of old buildings pose fire risks.
Natural Gas Pipelines and High-Voltage Wires:
• The presence of 36" and 18" natural gas pipelines and pumping stations raises
concerns.
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• Efforts to get residents on natural gas are ongoing to standardize heating sources.
High-voltage wires pose a hazard, and efforts to bury lines are underway.
Road Conditions and Flooding:
• Improving road quality and maintenance is a priority, especially in areas susceptible to
overland flooding.
Communication Tower and Culvert Concerns:
• The communication tower could be a potential target for disruption. Aging and
inadequate culverts are major concerns, and a washout around a culvert previously
resulted in a train derailment.
Hazmat Accidents:
• Grange Hall Road, designated as a truck route, presents potential hazmat accidents,
particularly in transit between I-75 and US-23.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Public Safety Department and Township Officials with Training
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position North Oakland County Fire
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Socio-
Political Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social
Unrest)
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide the public safety department and
Township officials with training regarding a
potential mass casualty event.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing at public fire board meetings,
presence at Township Board and planning
commission meetings.
Provide Funding to Pave Falk and Rood Roads
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Holly Township and Road Commission of Oakland
County
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide funding to pave Falk and Rood Roads for
improved emergency services access in the event
that a train derailment would block major road(s)
entering Holly Township. Rood Road - increase
ingress and egress for the High School.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. They are pursuing funding for
these roads.
2023 Update: Ongoing. They are pursuing funding for
these roads.
Obtain Funding to Improve Grange Hall Road, Holly Road and Other Roads
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Holly Township, Road Commission for Oakland
County
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
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Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Obtain funding to improve Grange Hall Road, Holly
Road and other roads in Holly Township.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. North Holly Road is
complete, but other roads are ongoing. Setup a
gravel road plan to add gravel (300,000 pounds) to
roads in the NW quadrant. First time in 20 years that
this is being done.
2023 Update: Obtain funding to replace culvert on
Kurtz road that has had its weight limit
reduced. Now unsafe to drive emergency vehicles
adding 3 mile and 7 minutes to response time to
Western Township residents.
Seek to Increase Communication with Other Units of Government
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Township Supervisor
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
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Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Seek to increase communication with other units of
government during an emergency response situation.
Improve communications with surrounding counties,
townships, cities or villages for fire and police departments.
Develop a means of communicating with Genesee County
which does not use the OakWin Radio System.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need to
replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that offers
more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with the
State of Michigan). The identification and implementation of
an improved radio system would address the
aforementioned deficiencies identified in this action.
2023 Update: Oakland County has transitioned to a new
radio system, which is now integrated into the Michigan
Public Safety Communications System, and will benefit the
entire county.
Implement Fire Mitigation Efforts for the Renaissance Festival
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position North Oakland County Fire
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation,
Seek ways to require property owner to fund
improvements.
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fires
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Fire mitigation for the Renaissance Festival
because buildings are close together and old,
and there is increased attendance.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Ongoing. Improve water supply
to meet Needed Fire Flow, i.e., water supply
on Dixie Hwy or internal well.
Second access to the south parking lot.
Bury Powerlines
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Township Supervisor
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Bury power lines north of Grange Hall
Road
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Elevate Roads Affected by Repetitive Flooding
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Road Commission for Oakland County
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date Some completed, North Holly and Fish
Lake Rds., others are targeted
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Elevate road on North Holly Road.
Elevate the road and add a bypass pipe
to allow water to flow.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Ongoing
Reduce Speed Limit on North Holly Road
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Holly Township, Road Commission for
Oakland County
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate
casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Reduce speed limit on North Holly Road
between Lahring and Quick Roads.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Develop Evacuation Plan for Mobile Home Parks (Holly Hills)
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
North Oakland County Fire
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Develop Evacuation Plan for Mobile Home Parks (Holly
Hills)
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: In the works, waiting for the second exit to be
paved and the remainder of new housing units to be
installed.
Develop Evacuation Plan for Renaissance Festival
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
North Oakland County Fire
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The annual Renaissance Festival may attract as many as
35,000 people. Although the festival is usually without
incident, civil disturbance or a mass casualty event are a
possibility. There is limited ingress and egress, and no
evacuation plan.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Draft and partial plan in place but weak, the
operator of Festive has been notified it must be
strengthened and updated prior to the 2024 season.
Completed Mitigation Actions
Raise and Improve Sections of Township
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Raise and improve sections of
Township roads that are susceptible
to flooding.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Implement Additional Hazmat Training
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
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Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2010 - Countywide Hazmat Team
created
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Transportation
Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
Implement additional hazmat training
for members of the fire department.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2010 - Countywide Hazmat Team
created
Install Additional Tornado Siren
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Holly Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Holly Township
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed – no additional
sirens are needed at this time.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms,
Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed – no additional
sirens are needed at this time.
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22. Village Of Holly
Community Profile and Description
The Village of Holly is home to the Annual Holly Dickens Festival and to the Michigan
Renaissance Festival. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 5,997. The Village of
Holly has a total area of 3.04 square miles. The Village is located almost entirely within Holly
Township, with a very small portion extending into Rose Township. The Village of Holly is
one of the earliest railroad junctions in the State of Michigan and the department’s
response area is a major thoroughfare for both the Canadian National Railroad and CSX
Railroad with tracks that traverse the entire response district. Many rail cars transport
commercial, agricultural, and chemical products including hazardous waste, flammable
liquids and/or caustic materials destined for several automotive and manufacturing plants in
the metro Detroit area. Materials transported on these rail cars directly support the
Chemical, Critical Manufacturing, and Defense Industrial Base sectors as identified by the
Department of Homeland Security. Additionally, within the 3.04 square miles jurisdiction
protected are two (2) SARA Title III hazardous material sites as well as multiple industrial
plating and machinery companies utilizing numerous chemicals such as chlorine gas and
various industrial acids. There are four (4) occupied structures taller than 3 stories that are
target hazards. Critical infrastructure protected also includes a wastewater management
facility, a public water main system (including hydrants), three (3) groundwater tanks, two
(2) elementary schools, one (1) middle school, and (1) high school as well as the Holly Area
Schools administrative offices and school transportation department. The Village also hosts
several large (150,000 Sq Ft.) manufacturing facilities.
Hazards
Railroad Hazards:
• Rail is the primary hazard for the Village of Holly
• The presence of two railroad lines, CSX Railroad and the Lake State Railroad, pose a
risk of train derailments, especially involving chemical spills. This could have
devastating effects on the Village of Holly. Due to the small geographic footprint of
the village, a railroad incident will impact the entire village.
Weather-Related Hazards:
• Damage from high winds, tornadoes, and thunderstorms remains a concern for the
Village, particularly considering the presence of high-wire power lines that can
exacerbate the impact of severe weather events.
Manufactured Home Parks and Community Center:
• The Village has three manufactured home parks, and one has an exit point only within
the Village.
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• The Karl Rictor Community Center could serve as a potential shelter for residents in
emergencies.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• A local utility company utilizes many batteries on-site for backup purposes.
o There is a potential risk of a hazmat incident in the event of a fire at this
location.
• Wastewater Treatment Plant stores hazardous materials/chemicals onsite.
High Hazard Dams:
• Mill Pond Dam evaluated yearly. Located on the south end of the village. Minimal
impacts if there were an inundation.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Study, design, and implement Mill Pond Dam Replacement or Removal: and Impact
Analysis
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Holly Department of Public
Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) TBD
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long-term
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High) Medium
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flood, High Hazard Dams
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Public sentiment is mixed on
replacing or removing.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New
Add Cameras to Town Traffic System
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Holly Department of
Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of
funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety, protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New
Develop a Transportation Plan for New Nursing Home Facility
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Holly Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short-term
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Severe
Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Opening a new nursing home soon with 71
beds. Develop a transportation plan for the new
facility in the event the Village would need to
evacuate the facility.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Increased Community Awareness
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Holly Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increasing awareness, education and
preparedness of public, business, non-profit,
government, etc. about hazards
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway,
Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide increased community awareness of
the risk of a train vs. motor vehicle accident
on the railroad tracks in the Village.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Develop Evacuation Plans for Mobile Home Parks
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Village of Holly Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Evacuation Plan for Mobile Home Parks (Holly Village and
Hawaiian Gardens)
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Ongoing. The location where they will shelter
will be modified in two years.
Agreement with School System for Shelter Usage
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Village of Holly Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Very limited
Potential Funding Source Local budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect residents by having an evacuation plan and
predetermined shelters in place, most common hazard
would likely be weather related
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
Medium
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for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Develop an evacuation plan with the School system to
utilize pre-approved school buildings for shelter if needed.
Meet with School Superintendent, Village Manager, Mobile
Home Park Managers, and all potential stakeholders to
develop a plan similar to Grovelands.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Fire Station Generator
Year Initiated 2019
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Village of Holly Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($30,000)
Potential Funding Source BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) To save lives and property by being able to keep the fire
station and its tools, equipment and apparatus able to
respond.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years) - 2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog, Invasive
Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer Storms,
Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes, Wildfires,
Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure Failure,
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Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
There is no generator at the fire station. Being able to have
backup power in the event of an outage will allow the fire
department to keep critical equipment and resources
powered up and ready for response. In addition, personnel
will be able to stay on-site during outages.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing - the generator has been purchased. Currently
waiting for it to be installed
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide Additional Tornado Sirens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms,
Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Provide additional tornado sirens
to serve all areas of the Village.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Implement a Procedure for Mutual Assistance
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Holly
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Implement a procedure for mutual assistance from
surrounding communities to respond in case of mass
emergencies. We do not have sufficient resources to
respond to a mass emergency, such as a train derailment,
tornado or major building fire.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
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23. City of Huntington Woods
Community Profile and Description
The City of Huntington Woods is a suburb of Detroit. The City is known as the "City of
Homes," as it consists mostly of residences. Huntington Woods was incorporated as a
Village in 1926 and a City in 1932. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 6,388. The
total area of the City of Huntington Woods is 1.47 square miles.
Hazards
Severe Weather Hazards:
• Thunderstorms with high winds can cause large-scale damage and power outages due
to the high number of large trees and older homes in the community.
• A tornado touching down in the City poses a significant risk, especially to a local
elementary school.
• High winds knocking over trees and power lines have become a major concern for
residents, with past incidents causing significant damage in August 2011.
HAZMAT Incidents and Emergency Evacuations:
• The Detroit Zoo, located in the city's southeast corner, stores certain hazardous
materials necessary for its operations.
o An emergency requiring immediate evacuation of the zoo may occur.
Traffic Accidents:
• Woodard Avenue is a potential hotspot for traffic accidents, particularly during the
Woodward Dream Cruise in August.
Winter Weather Hazards:
• Blizzards, heavy snow, and ice storms/sleet can create roadway hazards due to old,
soft-growth trees falling.
• Extreme cold events could adversely impact the large elderly population in the
community.
• Obtaining additional generators for the recreation center, which also serves as a
warming center, is suggested.
Extreme Heat:
• Emergency generators are needed for all public buildings to serve as cooling centers
for at-risk populations during extreme heat events.
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Tree Hazards:
• A large amount of Silver Maple and softwood trees of substantial size pose risks
during high wind events.
o Mitigation efforts are required to remove the most hazardous trees.
Invasive Species:
• Japanese Knotweed is prominent and problematic in the area, requiring an
eradication plan or strategy.
Major Transportation Incidents:
• A significant number of hazardous materials road-related incidents have occurred.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Recreation Center Generator for Warming / Emergency Center
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Huntington Woods
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Huntington Woods Public Safety
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $100,000
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Place for people to be safe
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Flooding, Severe
Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Recreation Center Generator for
Warming / Emergency Center
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Removal of Scottwood Street Trees
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Huntington Woods
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Huntington Woods Public Works
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $240,000
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
2025
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Severe Summer Storms,
Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Removal of Scottwood Street Trees that
fail during storms, improving roadways
and power infrastructure
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Huntington Woods
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Generator for Recreation Center Building
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Huntington Woods
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Huntington Woods Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) The building will be used as a heating and cooling shelter
for the community in the event of a power outage. This
building will also be designated as the local EOC.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
High
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each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Winter Storms, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Procure generator to power 25,000 sq. ft. Recreation
Center building. The City is currently taking bids on a
generator to power our 25,000-sq. ft. Recreation Center
building. The building will be used as a heating and
cooling shelter for our community in the event of a power
outage. This building will also be designated as our local
EOC.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Not Completed / Partially Completed
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide Training Specifically for Evacuation of Detroit Zoo
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Huntington Woods
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Fixed Site
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Supply Public Safety Departments with Decontamination Equipment
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Huntington Woods
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
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Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Supply the public safety departments with
the necessary decontamination equipment
to be used in hazmat accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed
Continue Educational Material Regarding Tornadoes
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Huntington Woods
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Huntington Woods5
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal
Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown. Community education on
high winds and tornadoes is complete. A City web
page was created with educational material. The City
also provided State and County pamphlets to
residents regarding severe weather safety.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Continue to provide the community with educational
material regarding the dangers of tornadoes.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Coordinate with County for Improvement of OakWin Radio System
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Huntington Woods
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Huntington Woods
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Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Coordinate with the County for improvements in the
OakWin Radio System to eliminate or reduce dead zones.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need to
replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that offers
more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with the
State of Michigan). The identification and implementation of
an improved radio system would address the
aforementioned deficiencies identified in this action.
2023 Update: Completed in 2023
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24. Independence Township
Community Profile and Description
Independence Township was named by one of its earliest settlers, Joseph Van Sycle, who
came to the area in 1834 from Independence Township, New Jersey. As of the 2020 U.S.
Census, the population is 36,686. The total area of Independence Township is 36.3 square
miles. The township is home to Pine Knob Ski Resort and Pine Knob Music Theater.
Hazards
Power Outages and Vulnerable Residents:
• Power outages adversely affect the entire community, with the elderly and those
dependent on private wells being the most vulnerable.
• Representatives of Independence Township expressed the need for a system to assist
affected individuals during power outages, especially residents of a senior citizen
assisted living facility.
Pine Knob Music Theatre:
• The Pine Knob Music Theatre attracts crowds of 15,000 people during concerts.
• Although most concert evenings have few problems, the large number of attendees
poses the potential for civil disturbances.
• Township representatives addressed the need for a training program with neighboring
public safety departments to handle civil disturbances at the Music Theatre.
Tornado Risks:
• A tornado could have devastating impacts on the entire Township.
• Particular at-risk areas include the manufactured home park on Mann Road at I-75
and senior citizen facilities.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Independence Township
Lead Agency/ Organization Fire Chief
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Program to Provide Needed Supplies in Times of Power Outages
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Independence Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Independence Township Fire
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Create a program that would provide
needed supplies to senior citizens in
times of power outages.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: On Hold
2023 Update: Ongoing
Implement Additional Training to Address Potential Civil Disturbances
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Independence Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Independence Township
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County Sherrif's Office
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Explore outside
sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest)
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Implement additional training to address
potential civil disturbances at the Pine
Knob Music Theatre.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Overgrown Tree Reporting Campaign
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Independence Township and City of Clarkston
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Independence Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
DTE Energy
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$1,000
Potential Funding Source Local funds, Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) By identifying overgrown and dead trees close to DTE
Energy's electrical infrastructure and passing this
information along to them, we will reduce the number of
power outages in our community during storm and wind
events
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The Independence Fire Department would create and
lead a program for reporting overgrown and dead trees
near electrical power lines. This would include a public
awareness campaign, including the creation and
distribution of pamphlets. It would also include press
release(s) and website postings. A web-based GIS
application for the public to report the location and
description of electrical hazards would be developed and
promoted, as well. Ultimately this will lead to a safer
community, with fewer power outages during
thunderstorms and high wind events.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
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Completed Mitigation Actions
Coordinate Program with Neighboring Communities
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Independence Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Coordinate programs with neighboring communities to
improve mutual assistance in times of mass emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Complete
Continue to Advocate for 100% Outdoor Warning Siren Coverage
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Independence Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue to advocate for 100%
outdoor warning siren coverage for
Oakland County.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Generators
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Clarkston and Independence Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Independence Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
$30,000
Potential Funding Source Grants or local funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) By allowing the City offices to stay open to the public
during a power outage, City Officials will be able to better
coordinate response efforts, and improve critical
communication with the public.
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
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Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Purchase of a generator for city offices
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
COMPLETE - Township Office now has a Generator
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25. City of Keego Harbor
Community Profile and Description
The City of Keego Harbor was originated as a real estate investment and planned resort. It is
located along the Cass Lake. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 2,764. The total
area of the City of Keego Harbor is 0.54 square miles.
Hazards
Flooding Risks:
• Many streets in Keego Harbor are located in designated floodplain areas, making
them vulnerable to flooding during heavy rainstorms.
• Local sewers tend to back up, exacerbating flood risks.
Aging Infrastructure and Tornado Risks:
• Keego Harbor has many small cottages that are still in existence from its past as a
vacation community.
• Due to their age and construction, these older homes may not provide sufficient
shelter for residents during tornadoes or high winds.
• We have the Keego Harbor Mobile Home Park at 3170 Orchard Lake Road.
• We also have the Magnolia by the Lakes Senior Living Center where the mobility and
extraction of many of the residents in an emergency is questionable.
• We have 2 Storm Water Pump stations that move our excess water to Sylvan/Cass
Lake. Loss of a pump station would endanger numerous residences with flooding. We
have the Beechmont Pump Station and the Schmidt Pump Station.
New Town Hall Building as a Potential Shelter:
• A new town hall building was constructed to replace the old structure, which was
susceptible to flooding and other calamities.
• The new facility could serve as a shelter with a large meeting room.
Traffic Hazards:
• Heavy traffic volumes on Orchard Lake and Cass Lake Roads pose the potential for
vehicle accidents, raising concern for local officials.
High Winds:
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• We have the Keego Harbor Mobile Home Park at 3170 Orchard Lake Road. Also
numerous mature trees throughout the city vulnerable to storm damage (winds, ice,
sleet) that will take down power lines.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Keego Harbor
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
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County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Seek Funding for Water Rescue Training
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Keego Harbor
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Keego Harbor Fire Department, City of
Keego Harbor Police Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Marine
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Seek funding for water rescue training
(summer/winter) on Keego Harbor lakes.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
No longer needed. Turned over the marine and
water rescue to the Oakland County Sheriff's
Department, which provides those services now.
Will provide a support role, as needed
Bury Power Lines
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Keego Harbor
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Utility Companies
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
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Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Utility construction budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Ongoing utility service
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
This is already being done for
many construction projects.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Assist in Funding Construction of Community Center
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Keego Harbor
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Severe
Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Assist in funding the construction of a
community center that could serve as an
emergency shelter.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Supply Police Station with Emergency Generator
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Keego
Harbor
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
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Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Address Area Flooding Concerns
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Keego Harbor
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Seek Funding for Additional Repeaters for OakWin Radio System
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Keego Harbor
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Keego Harbor, County
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Seek funding for additional repeaters for the OakWin Radio
System to boost signal in certain areas.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need to
replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that offers
more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with the
State of Michigan). The identification and implementation of
an improved radio system would address the
aforementioned deficiencies identified in this action.
2023 Update: Completed. Oakland County has a new radio
system and repeaters are no longer needed. Anticipating to
receive radios in November. Every community in the
County is going to the new system.
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26. City of Lake Angelus
Community Profile and Description
The City of Angelus was incorporated in 1984 and is Michigan's smallest incorporated city.
Lake Angelus consistently ranks as the 5th city in Michigan with the highest per capita
income. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 287. The total area of the City
of Angelus is 1.64 square miles.
Hazards
Tornado Incidents:
• Lake Angelus faces a significant risk of damage caused by tornadoes due to the high
number of larger trees and older homes in the area.
Fire Hazards:
• The high tree density and construction material used in many older homes pose a
concern for large-scale fires.
Ice Storms:
• Residents in Lake Angelus are at risk during ice storms due to the presence of larger,
older trees in the community, which can cause damage to property and power lines.
Hazmat Incident Risk:
• The City is responsible for one-half mile of Baldwin Road near Great Lakes Crossing
Outlets, where there is a potential for a hazardous material (hazmat) incident.
Fuel Storage Tanks:
• The City previously identified two 300-gallon fuel storage tanks as a primary concern,
but these tanks have been emptied and filled with sand, reducing the immediate
hazard.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
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During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lake Angelus
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
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underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Assess City's Preparedness to Respond to Hazardous Material Emergency
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lake Angelus
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Lake Angelus Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed
Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Assess City's Preparedness to Respond
to Hazardous Material Emergency
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Advocate for County-Wide Road Improvements
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lake Angelus
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Lake Angelus, County
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Public Works
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Advocate for County-wide road
improvements, especially to high-traffic
roads.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Update City Hall to ADA Requirements
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lake Angelus
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased safety for residents during
extreme heat and cold events, increased
access to City services for residents.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Winter Storm
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Update City Hall to comply with ADA
requirements so it can be used as a
heating and/or cooling center.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Fuel Tanks
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lake Angelus
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2017. The fuel tanks have been
emptied and filled with sand.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Fixed Site
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Reduce risk posed by the two
300-gallon fuel tanks in the City.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017. The fuel tanks have been
emptied and filled with sand.
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27. Village of Lake Orion
Community Profile and Description
The Village of Lake Orion is located in the outskirts of Metro Detroit and was established in
1859. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 2,876. The total area of the Village of
Orion is 1.30 square miles.
Hazards
Natural Hazards:
• The community is concerned about various natural hazards, including tornadoes,
thunderstorms, and winter weather hazards.
• Ice storms have significantly impacted the Village of Lake Orion, posing risks to
property, power lines, and transportation, especially on M-24, the main route through
the community.
Dam Failure Incidents:
• Village representatives are particularly concerned about the infrastructure failure of
the dam for Lake Orion, which controls the flow of water under M-24.
• A breach in the dam could result in significant flooding, impacting residents and
businesses located south of the lake.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Lake Orion
Lead Agency/ Organization
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Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Continue Village's Awareness and Preparations for Potential of Tornado
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Lake Orion
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Village of Lake Orion Police Department, Village of
Lake Orion Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Continue Village's Awareness and Preparations for
Potential of Tornado
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Will continue to monitor weather systems
and communications networks and will continue to
provide public education on warnings as well as
locations of emergency shelters. Assist with mass
casualty damage assessments and evacuations as
needed.
Ongoing
Prepare a Plan Addressing Damage to, or Failure of, the Lake Orion Dam
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Lake Orion
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Village of Lake Orion
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities; Preserve/Protect life and
mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Plan is complete, monitoring is ongoing.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Hazard Dams
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Prepare a Plan Addressing Damage to, or Failure of, the
Lake Orion Dam
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: As mentioned in the New Mitigation Actions
plan, the Lake Orion - Paint Creek dam was built by MDOT
in 1987. In August of 2017, we had a breech in the
spillway causing water to bypass the dam into Paint Creek.
In 2017 a new $700,000.00 dam was built. The Village of
Lake Orion maintains a separate "Dam Emergency Action
Plan" that was triggered by the break caused by sudden
erosion under the M-24 Bridge, which is part of the dam
spillway. The Action Plan has been updated with new
contact information and worked perfectly during this
incident. MDOT is responsible for maintenance and
structural integrity, and the village of Lake Orion is
responsible for operating and monitoring the dam.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Paint Creek Bank Stabilization
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Lake Orion
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Lake Orion, DEQ
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Lake Orion Police Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$200,000.00
Potential Funding Source SAW Grant, Village of Lake Orion
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Prevent the destabilization of the creek bank
and surrounding areas.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Working with the DEQ to obtain funding to
shore up or stabilize the banks of the Paint
Creek that run through the village of Lake
Orion.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Major Upgrade to Village Water Main
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Lake Orion
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
VLO Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$8,000,000.00
Potential Funding Source DWRF Bonds and local funds
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Benefits (Loss Avoided) Upgrade water system and to meet State fire suppression
standards for hydrants.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2021
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The Village is underway in replacing 8 miles of water main,
or 40,000 lineal feet of water main. The upgrade when
complete will result in full compliance with State Fire
Suppression standards for pressure at fire hydrants
throughout the community.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Phase 1 and 2 are complete. Phase 3 and 4 are ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Research Feasibility of Back-up Water Supply System
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Lake Orion
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
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Actual Completion Date Complete. A study of potential backup systems identified
the Village of Oxford as an option. Investigation
determined this was not a viable option due to cost of
running a backup connection and including right of way
issues that would not make this feasible. No other back up
system has been identified. The Village does have 2
separate water entry points from the Detroit water system.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Research the feasibility of a back-up water supply system
that can be utilized in times of emergencies, especially
when pressure is diminished in the Detroit Water and
Sewerage Department.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Complete. A study of potential backup systems identified
the Village of Oxford as an option. Investigation
determined this was not a viable option due to cost of
running a backup connection and including right of way
issues that would not make this feasible. No other back up
system has been identified. The Village does have 2
separate water entry points from the Detroit water system.
Lake Orion-Paint Creek Dam Replacement
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Lake Orion
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
MDOT
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Lake Orion Police Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$700,000.00
Potential Funding Source MDOT and Village of Lake Orion
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Prevent major flooding to the Paint Creek and Clinton
River Waterway area
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date Completed in September 2017
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, High Hazard Dams
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The Village of Lake Orion maintains a separate "Dam
Emergency Action Plan" which was triggered by a break
in the dam spillway discovered by a DNR inspection on
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August 11, 2017. The dam was built by MDOT in 1987.
VLO Dam Action plan was implemented and emergency
repairs were in place by August 19, 2017, with a new dam
constructed by September 23, 2017.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed in September 2017
Upgrade Police Communications: OCSO Police Dispatched
Year Initiated 2016
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Lake Orion
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Lake Orion Police Department - OCSO Communication
Section
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Sheriff’s Office
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$30,000.00
Potential Funding Source Local funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improved communications network
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date 2016
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Switched over from local 911 center to OCSO dispatch
center. Improved radio communication between
neighboring agencies and Orion Township Fire
Department. Saves the Village from having to upgrade 911
systems to meet state of Michigan requirements.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2016
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Member of Oakland County OakTac Emergency Response Consortium
Year Initiated 2016
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Lake Orion
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Lake Orion Police Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
OakTac Consortium
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$1,000.00 annual
Potential Funding Source Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Inclusion in Emergency Response group for major
incidents and events. Upgrade active shooter training
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Lake Orion Police Department is now a member of the
OakTac Emergency Response Team. OakTac will respond
to any mass police incident in Oakland County and will
provide staffing, communications and equipment. Includes
LOPD officers into the regional Active Shooter response
protocols.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Complete
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28. City of Lathrup Village
Community Profile and Description
The City of Lathrup Village was incorporated in 1953 as the first incorporated community in
Southfield Township. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 4,088. The total area of
the City of Lathrup Village is 1.50 square miles.
Hazards
Tornado and Weather Emergencies:
• The threat of tornadoes and other weather emergencies is a concern to the residents
of Lathrup Village.
• While tornado warning sirens appear adequate, the lack of a public emergency shelter
was identified as a concern.
Flooding and Sewer Backups:
• Heavy rains can lead to flooding and sewer backups in the City.
• Areas significantly affected by flooding include the streets of Eleven Mile and Red
River.
Hazmat Accident Concern:
• Lathrup Village is concerned about the potential for a hazardous materials (hazmat)
accident due to a natural gas pipeline running through the City. I-696 and Southfield
Road run through the City causing additional concerns for major transportation and
transportation-related HAZMAT concerns.
Severe Winter Weather Hazards:
• Winter weather, especially affecting roads like Southfield Road, 11 Mile, and 12 Mile,
is a top hazard in the City.
• These roads are regularly used by large trucks carrying hazardous materials,
necessitating updated training for emergency response and handling such incidents
during annual training sessions.
Power Outages:
• Power outages caused by trees and branches downed by high winds are a major
concern for Lathrup Village.
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Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lathrup Village
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
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• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Additional Shelters for Citizens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lathrup Village
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Lathrup Village Police Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (less than $10,000) - High (greater than $100,000)
depending on the route (using a previously constructed
shelter vs. constructing a new shelter)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years) - Long Term
(to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide additional shelters for citizens to use in emergency
situations.
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing, need to identify space to build or designate a
shelter
Address Changes Needed in Areas that Experience Flooding
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lathrup Village
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Lathrup Village Department of Public
Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Address changes needed in areas that experience
flooding from sewer back-ups, particularly near
Eleven Mile Road and Red River Street.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Improvements have been
made and will continue to be made to the pumps in
the water tanks. The City is constantly improving
and replacing items in the infrastructure.
2023 Update: Ongoing, Improvements have been
made and will continue to be made to the pumps in
the water tanks. The City is constantly improving
and replacing items in the infrastructure.
Provide Funding to Train Public Safety Personnel
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lathrup Village
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Lathrup Village Police Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Oil and Gas Well Accidents
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide funding to train public safety
personnel in the event of a hazmat
accident involving the pipeline.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing. Working to get
appropriate people to the appropriate
trainings.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Tree Trimming
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lathrup Village
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Lathrup Village Public Services
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased safety for city residents and visitors,
reduction of infrastructure and property damage
due to downed trees.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
The City continues to trim trees that pose a threat
to life safety and/or property. There are a number
of old, large trees that may be damaged during a
high wind or snow event.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing. Recent storms have exacerbated local
budgets for this purpose.
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
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Removed Mitigation Actions
Issue a Loudspeaker to be Used for Crowd Control
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lathrup Village
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date No longer needed
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest)
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority No longer needed
Address Changes Needed in Areas of Flooding due to Sewer Back-ups
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Lathrup Village
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed. This is a duplicate
from the 2005 mitigation action
item.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Removed. This is a duplicate
from the 2005 mitigation action
item.
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29. Village of Leonard
Community Profile and Description
The Village of Leonard is in Addison Township. The Village was named for Leonard Rowland
and was incorporated in 1889. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 377. The total
area of the Village of Leonard is 0.96 square miles.
Hazards
Emergency Response Assistance:
• Being located away from more populated areas, the Village may face challenges in
receiving timely assistance during emergency situations, as seen during a recent ice
storm.
• The delay in opening roads after the ice storm highlights the need for special
attention to vulnerable residents, particularly the elderly and those requiring
immediate medical attention.
Fire Risk and Prevention:
• The 100-year-old grist mill being considered for historical designation poses a high fire
risk due to its age and construction materials.
• The building's absence of fire prevention equipment, such as sprinklers, needs to be
addressed to mitigate the fire hazard.
Traffic Accidents:
• Forest and Elmwood Streets are areas of concern in the Village of Leonard due to
traffic accidents, necessitating traffic safety measures and road improvements.
Events and Crowds:
• The Strawberry Festival, attracting a large crowd every year, has the potential for civil
disturbance or mass casualties during hazardous situations.
• Proper crowd management strategies and emergency preparedness plans should be
implemented for such events.
Stormwater Management and Flooding:
• The lack of a sewer system and storm drains in the Village makes it vulnerable to
heavy rainfall and snowmelt, leading to stormwater runoff and flooding issues.
• The proximity to the Clinton River Watershed and swampy areas with inadequate
drainage requires stormwater management measures to mitigate flooding risks.
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Hazardous Materials:
• Copper Standard, an industry in the Village, possesses hazardous materials on-site
related to the plastic injection industry.
• Proper storage and handling of hazardous materials must be ensured to reduce
potential risks.
Aging Infrastructure and Electrical Power:
• The Village's very old electrical power infrastructure poses concerns for reliability and
safety.
• Regular maintenance and modernization of the electrical infrastructure are necessary
to mitigate potential hazards.
Oil and Gas Pipeline:
• The presence of an oil and gas pipeline on the south border of the Village requires
proper monitoring and preparedness measures to address potential hazards.
Fire Risks in Old Buildings:
• Historic buildings like Roland Hall, Leonard Mill, and Leonard Barber Shop with
apartments upstairs are at risk of arson and fires.
• Fire safety measures and prevention strategies should be implemented for these
structures.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Leonard
Lead Agency/ Organization
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Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Old Mill Renovation Project
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Leonard
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Leonard Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$1,000,000
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Potential Funding Source Local funds, Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced arson risk, rodent reduction for disease
spread, public safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update
process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Invasive Species, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire,
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Old Mill Renovation Project
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated. This project is in the third year
and some funds have been received. The old
dilapidated parts of the mill have been removed. The
main part of the mill is secured. The grounds cleaned.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide Funding to Assist in Clean-Up of Community
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Leonard
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
Provide funding to assist in the clean-
up of the community following ice and
windstorms.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
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Find/Allocate Funding to Provide Sewers and Storm Drains
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Find/allocate funding to provide
sewers and storm drains for the
Village of Leonard.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Provide Funding for Communication Boosters for OakWin Radio System
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Leonard
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
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Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Note: The county is exploring the need to replace the
OakWin Radio System with a system that offers more
interoperability, capacity, and improved communications
with outside agencies (specifically with the State of
Michigan). The identification and implementation of an
improved radio system would address the aforementioned
deficiencies identified in this action.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Removed Mitigation Actions
Equip Grist Mill with Fire Prevention Equipment
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Leonard
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Removed
Equip Grist Mill with Fire Prevention Equipment
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Leonard
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Removed
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30. Lyon Township
Community Profile and Description
Lyon Township was founded on March 7, 1834, as a general law township. The Township
Board of Trustees approved a resolution on January 15, 1980, to make Lyon Township a
charter township. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 23,271. The total area of
Lyon Township is 32.0 square miles. There are two unincorporated communities within the
Township: New Hudson and Kensington. The township's major industry is in the Grand River
corridor from Milford Road to Napier, employing approximately 3,000 people.
Hazards
Tornado Incidents:
• Tornadoes pose a significant danger to all residents in Lyon Township.
• Manufactured home park residents are particularly vulnerable to injuries and
property damage from tornadoes.
• Manufactured home parks located off Eight Mile Road, east of Griswold, and Grand
River Avenue between Kent Lake Road and Martindale Road are at heightened risk.
• The Township representatives expressed the need for additional outdoor warning
sirens to improve tornado warnings and preparedness.
Traffic Safety:
• Lyon Township is concerned about potential multi-vehicle accidents on I-96 near
Milford Road.
• Proper traffic safety measures and road improvements should be implemented to
reduce the risk of accidents in the area.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Design and Construction of Harden Storm Shelter within New Fire Station #3
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Lyon Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Lyon Township Board of Trustees
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Fire Dept.
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2029/30
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms, Tornadoes, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site, Infrastructure Failure, Oil and
Gas Well Accidents, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Design and Construction of Harden Storm Shelter
within New Fire Station #3
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Flood Control / Mitigation
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Lyon Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Lyon Township Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Lyon Township
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Potential Funding Source BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protection of life/property
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
TBD
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Conducting Flood mitigation/control activities to
prevent or minimize flooding during these
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extreme weather events includes but not
limited to.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Lyon Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Install Additional Outdoor Warning Sirens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Lyon Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Lyon Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
This mitigation action originated in 2005 and was
continued in 2012. The Township continually monitors
areas within its jurisdiction to ensure all are covered by
warning sirens. The Township is currently paying special
attention to the expanding areas of their jurisdiction and
seeks to ensure the Residential mobile home park located
off Eight Mile Road, east of Griswold is also covered.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing - trailer park covered now. However, recent
subdivision developments had been built in uncovered
areas.
Seek Funding to Find Suitable Emergency Shelter for Residents
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Lyon Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Lyon Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (less than $10,000) - High (greater than $100,000)
(depending on if an existing structure is used or a new one
is constructed)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities; Preserve/Protect life and
mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Seek Funding to Find Suitable Emergency Shelter for
Residents
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Looking to identify potential
locations, but all previous efforts have been ad hoc.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Family Reunification Plan
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Lyon Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Lyon Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
School District, Police, EMS, Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Staff Time
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Efficient family reunification following a hazard
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
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Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
This plan would first be in coordination with the school
district and would focus on utilizing their school buses and
potentially utilizing their facilities.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
Removed Mitigation Actions
Install additional tornado sirens for the mobile home park.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Lyon Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date Removed - this action was
replaced in 2012
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms,
Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Removed - this action was
replaced in 2012
Seek funding to coordinate a County-wide emergency shelter system for public
safety to know where to send people in every city, town, village or township.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Lyon Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Removed - This project was
removed from Lyon Township. If it is to be
continued, it should be at the County level.
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31. City of Madison Heights
Community Profile and Description
The City of Madison Heights is a suburb of Detroit. Originally part of Royal Oak Township,
Madison Heights incorporated as a city by popular vote on January 17, 1955, and chartered
on December 6 that same year, becoming the tenth city government in southern Oakland
County. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 28,468. The total area of the City of
Madison Heights is 7.09 square miles.
Hazards
Building Fires:
• Madison Heights is concerned about building fires, particularly in its 5 high-rise senior
citizens' apartment complexes.
• The height of these buildings and the physical limitations of some residents make
them more vulnerable to fire hazards.
• The city representatives emphasized the need to train fire department personnel to
respond effectively to emergencies in high-rise buildings.
Traffic Safety:
• Madison Heights faces significant traffic accidents, especially on major highways like I-
75 and I-696.
• Multi-vehicle accidents on these highways are particularly critical, requiring attention
to improve traffic safety.
Tornadoes and High Winds:
• Tornadoes were identified as a significant hazard in Madison Heights.
• High winds have become a major concern, knocking over trees and power lines,
causing damage and power outages.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• The presence of hazardous materials in eight industrial businesses within the city
poses a potential hazmat emergency risk.
• Regular inspections and preparedness measures are necessary to address this hazard
effectively.
Severe Winter Weather Events:
• The city is vulnerable to power outages during blizzards, heavy snow, ice storms, and
sleet events.
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• In extreme cold, power outages and the need for a warming center are significant
concerns.
Economic and Social Challenges:
• Changes to state and federal aid programs have affected many residents' eligibility for
assistance, potentially leading to increased criminal activity.
Tree Trimming and Power Outages:
• The older community in Madison Heights experiences power outages after high wind
events due to trees causing disruptions.
• Tree trimming needs to be increased and improved to mitigate this hazard.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Increase Building and Fire Inspection on Highs Hazard Facilities
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Fire
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Building Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protection of life and property
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Increase Building and Fire
Inspection on Highs Hazard
Facilities
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Increase Training for Police and Fire to Handle Active Assailant Incidents
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Police
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Fire
Applicable Goal(s) 3, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
2024
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Increase Training for Police and Fire to
Handle Active Assailant Incidents
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
High
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each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Tree Pruning
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Public Works, Fire Department, Utilities
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source City Annual Budget, Utilities Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase public safety, reduction of
transportation interference, reduction of
utility damage
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
2019 for plan, then ongoing tree
maintenance
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Work with local utilities to establish an
aggressive tree pruning schedule to protect
utility lines during inclement weather.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
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Cyber Crimes Training
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position IT, Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased awareness, increased cyber security
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Terrorism/ Weapons of Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Cybercrime awareness training for all City
employees to combat the threat to personal
information and to protect a breach to the City’s
IT infrastructure.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Increase Public Notification System Subscribers
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
All
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Staff time, possible advertising costs
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased community knowledge about hazard events
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium/High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium/High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Increase the number of resident subscribers to the City’s
public notification system which has been implemented to
keep residents informed of severe weather alerts, criminal
activity, traffic notifications, and missing person alert.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Replace Lead Service Water Lines
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Public Works, Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of
funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Removal of lead from
environment
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2021, onward
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Replace all privately owned lead
service water lines.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Generators at all City facilities
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Under Investigation, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continued service during power loss
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Generator support at all critical City
facilities during an electrical system
failure.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Catastrophic Sewer Interceptor Failure Plan
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) Prevention and reduction of damage to
public and private property and
infrastructure.
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Implement a strategic work plan to
prepare and plan for a catastrophic
Sewer Interceptor failure.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Storm water Asset Management Plan
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Public Works
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of
funding to support
implementation
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Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduction of storm water flood
concerns
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Prepare a storm water asset
management plan.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Study Feasibility of Providing Funding for Acquisition of Mass Casualty Trailer
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, Date Unknown. The fire department was
unable to secure funding for this project. The City of
Madison Heights has a mutual aid agreement with
neighboring communities to assist in mass-casualty
incidents.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Study the feasibility of providing funding for the
acquisition of a mass-casualty trailer that can be
used to assist in instances of multi-vehicle accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
Complete, Date Unknown. The fire department was
unable to secure funding for this project. The City of
Madison Heights has a mutual aid agreement with
neighboring communities to assist in mass-casualty
incidents.
Seek a Grant for S.C.B.A. (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus)
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
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Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$165,600
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date In 2014, the Madison Heights Fire Department
was awarded a $165,600, Assistance to
Firefighters Grant to replace its outdated Self-
Contained Breathing Apparatus.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Seek a grant for S.C.B.A. (Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus) to replace existing
outdated equipment.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
In 2014, the Madison Heights Fire Department
was awarded a $165,600, Assistance to
Firefighters Grant to replace its outdated Self-
Contained Breathing Apparatus.
Pursue a Regional Grant to Acquire Video Conferencing
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$358,000
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date In 2012, The Madison Heights Fire Department was
unsuccessful in its attempt to secure Assistance to
Firefighters Grant funding for $358,000, for the purchase of
video conferencing system for 14 surrounding
communities.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
Low
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for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Pursue a regional grant to acquire video conferencing to
14 surrounding fire departments.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
In 2012, The Madison Heights Fire Department was
unsuccessful in its attempt to secure Assistance to
Firefighters Grant funding for $358,000, for the purchase of
video conferencing system for 14 surrounding
communities.
Provide Additional Training for Dealing with Emergencies in High-Rise Buildings
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Madison Heights
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal
Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Additional high-rise
training has been provided to fire staff. New and
revised high-rise emergency Standard Operating
Procedures were implemented.
2023 Update: COMPLETE
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Replace All Firefighters' Personal Protective Equipment
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal
Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Investigate funding sources to replace all of the
firefighters’ personal protective equipment. Current
equipment is outdated and worn out.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2017 Update: The City has approved funds to
purchase new gear for staff that meets NFPA
standards. The Department has established an eight-
year replacement schedule for all frontline personal
protective equipment.
2023 Update: COMPLETE
Fire Suppression System
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) IT infrastructure protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Study the feasibility of a fire suppression system
in all city facilities in effort to maintain critical
infrastructure in the event of a fire, especially in
City Hall's IT room.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
COMPLETE
Internet Protocol Fire Station Alerting System
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Decreased response time, improved communication
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Implement an internet protocol fire station alerting system
and mapping system to decrease response times to
emergency calls and improve the communications
between the Public Safety Answering Point and the City’s
two fire stations.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
COMPLETE
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Removed Mitigation Actions
Investigate Funding to Provide a Single Point Dispatch System
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed. Funding was not secured to provide a single
point dispatch system for surrounding area police and fire
department. This system is no longer under consideration.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Investigate funding to provide a single point dispatch
system for surrounding area police and fire departments
for better communication between municipalities.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Removed. Funding was not secured to provide a single
point dispatch system for surrounding area police and fire
department. This system is no longer under consideration.
Seek Funding to Provide 1 Common Alerting Station System
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
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Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed. Funding was not secured to provide one alerting
station system for surrounding communities. The Fire
Department is not pursuing the one common alerting
system at this time.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Removed. Funding was not secured to provide one alerting
station system for surrounding communities. The Fire
Department is not pursuing the one common alerting
system at this time.
Provide Increased Training for the Incident Management Team
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Madison Heights
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date As of December 2017, the Madison Heights Fire
Department currently doesn’t have any active members on
the Oakland County IMT. The Fire Department would
support any member willing to join the County’s IMT.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide increased training for the Incident Management
Team (IMT) to provide consistent and comprehensive
support for long term, large scale and/or complex
emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
As of December 2017, the Madison Heights Fire
Department currently doesn’t have any active members on
the Oakland County IMT. The Fire Department would
support any member willing to join the County’s IMT.
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32. Milford Township
Community Profile and Description
Milford Township was established in 1832. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is
17,090. The total area of Milford Township is 35.2 square miles.
Hazards
Tornado Incidents:
• The community is concerned about tornadoes, especially the Childs Lake Mobile
Home Park residents, who are at greater risk.
• The lack of sufficient outdoor warning sirens increases the community's vulnerability
to tornadoes.
Train Derailment and HAZMAT Incidents:
• Milford Township identified the potential for a train derailment involving hazardous
materials as a significant concern.
• The community is susceptible to hazardous materials in the event of a railroad
accident with railcars containing dangerous substances.
Dam Failure and Flood-related Hazards:
• Three dams in the community, two of which could cause a significant impact on life
and property upon failure, are a concern.
• Homes and businesses along the river risk flooding during extreme rain events.
Wildfires and Invasive Species:
• State forests and large parks are susceptible to wildfires during extreme drought
conditions.
• The community has large strands of Phragmites and Japanese Knotweed, requiring
mitigation.
Oil and Gas Well Incidents:
• Milford Township is concerned about incidents involving an oil well at Camp
Dearborn, a gas well at GM Road and Hickory Ridge Trail, and seven natural gas
transmission lines at Milford Junction.
Structural Fire Incidents:
• A battery recycling facility on Pontiac Trail is vulnerable to fire hazards.
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• Fire sprinklers do not protect most village buildings and structures, posing a potential
risk.
Extreme Heat/Cold and Public Health Emergencies:
• The at-risk population in the community can be adversely impacted by extreme heat
or cold conditions.
• Their community has five senior living facilities, raising concerns about potential
public health emergencies.
High Winds Events:
• Manufactured homes are at an increased risk from high winds, with a history of
downed trees and power lines.
Active Shooter Incidents:
• The Milford Memories Festival and three schools in the community are areas of
concern for potential active shooter incidents.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Improve Lake Level Control Structure
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Milford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Township Supervisor
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Moore Lake HOA
Applicable Goal(s) 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $400,000
Potential Funding Source FEMA, TWP General Fund -
Moore Lake HOA
Benefits (Loss Avoided) If Structure fails - wipes out
downtown businesses
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
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Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Hazard Dams
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Improve Lake Level Control
Structure, Southend of Moore
Lake
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Severe Weather Sirens
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Milford Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Milford Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
$100,000
Potential Funding Source FEMA, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Astronomical
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Severe Weather Sirens
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
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Update - Refurbish Moore Dam
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Milford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Milford Township
Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County - FEMA
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Unknown
Potential Funding Source Federal - State - Local
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Devastation of Milford Village
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long-term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Hazard Dams, Flooding,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Update - refurbish Moore
Dam
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for
2023
Additional Tornado Warning Devices
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Milford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Milford Township
Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Unknown
Potential Funding Source FEMA - State - County -
Local, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Loss of Potential Life
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2025
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Additional Tornado
Warning Devices
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for
2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Milford Township
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Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Continue to Advocate for Additional Outdoor Warning Sirens
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Milford Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Milford Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 1
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Approximately 1 siren per year
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Transportation
Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Continue to advocate for additional outdoor warning
sirens so all residents of the Township can be
warned of a weather emergency. The Township
works with the County to identify where the next
siren should be placed.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Approximately 4 sirens have
been installed over the past 6 years.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Flooding on Coogan Drive
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Milford Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Milford Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Address Flooding on Coogan Drive. Coogan Drive,
along the Huron River is located in a potential flood
zone. Dams have been installed on the Huron River
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to control this flood potential, however extensive
rainfall could be an issue for those residents.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Redesign Culverts in Areas of Frequent Flooding Along Huron River
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Milford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Install Additional Tornado Sirens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Milford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
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33. Village of Milford
Community Profile and Description
The Village of Milford began in 1832 with the building of a sawmill. In 1939, Henry Ford built
a carburetor plant, which was demolished in 2002. As of the 2020 U.S. Census Population
and Housing Unit Estimates, the population is 6,520. The total area of the Village of Milford
is 2.52 square miles.
Hazards
Civil Disturbances:
• Although rare, the potential for civil disturbances exists during events like the Milford
Memories Festival and the Christmas and Memorial Day Parades, which attract large
crowds.
Train Derailment and Hazmat Incidents:
• The presence of railroad tracks running through the Village poses a risk of a train
derailment, potentially involving hazardous materials, leading to devastating
consequences.
Tornadoes:
• The potential damage caused by tornadoes is a concern for the community.
DTE Facility and Milford Junction:
• The DTE facility on Duck Lake Road and Milford Junction interconnect Township pose
potential hazards.
Blizzards and Extreme Cold Weather:
• Blizzards and extended cold conditions can impact the Village.
Nursing Homes and Long-Term Power Outages:
• Several large nursing homes in the area are a concern during prolonged power
outages.
Emergency Shelter Location:
• The Village needs to identify a suitable location for an emergency shelter.
Hubble Pond Dam:
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• The Hubble Pond Dam poses a risk if it fails.
Flooding Risk:
• The Huron River east of Main Street presents a flooding risk.
New Water Treatment Plant:
• The construction of a new water treatment plant in 2018 will reduce the risk of water
system failure incidents.
Invasive Species Threat:
• Phragmites and Oak Wilt along the Huron River pose an invasive species threat.
Structural Fire Risk:
• There is a high risk of structural fires in the downtown area due to older buildings
without sprinkler systems.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Identify and Equip for Operations
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Milford
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Milford Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Milford TWP, Community Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Loss of Life
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2026
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Summer Storms,
Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Identify and Equip for Operations temporary
shelters within the community for extreme
heat and cold events with extended power
loss.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Milford
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
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• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Ongoing Training to Prepare for Train Derailment
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Milford
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Milford Police
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Milford Police
Applicable Goal(s) Improve and support public and private
organizational response capabilities.
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Transportation
Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide ongoing training to prepare for a
train derailment that may involve
hazardous materials.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
Removed Mitigation Actions
Continue to Advocate for Training Regarding Transportation of Hazardous Material
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Milford
Lead Agency / Organization / Position CSX
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Milford Police and Fire Departments
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Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed – this was an extension of the 2005
action.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue to advocate for training regarding
the transportation of hazardous materials and
the response to any spill or hazmat incident.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Removed – this was an extension of the 2005
action.
Sprinkler Systems
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Milford
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Milford Fire
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Milford Police
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Add sprinklers in buildings without, notably
older buildings in the downtown area, for
increased fire suppression capability.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
REMOVE
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34. City of Northville
Community Profile and Description
The City of Northville is located in and divided by Oakland and Wayne Counties. It is a
suburb of Metropolitan Detroit. Northville was first settled in 1825 and was incorporated as
a village in 1867. In 1955, Northville was incorporated as a City. As of the 2020 U.S. Census,
the population is 3,326. The total area of the City of Northville is 2.07 square miles.
Hazards
Structural Fire in Downtown Area:
• The City is concerned about the potential of a structural fire in the downtown area
due to the advanced age of many buildings.
• The interconnected nature of some buildings further increases the vulnerability to
structural fires.
Train Derailment / HAZMAT Incident:
• The threat of a train derailment is a hazard the City faces.
• If a derailment involves hazardous materials, it could lead to serious consequences
and pose a risk to the community.
Extreme Heat
• The City of Northville has an aging population that is more susceptible to extreme
heat. There are currently no designated cooling centers within the city. Citizens are
directed outside of the city for cooling centers.
Thunderstorms, Lightning, and Hail
• The City of Northville has an aging population. The city's current infrastructure is old
and is susceptible to downed trees/limbs and electrical wires. Power outages are
common during major storms.
High Winds
• The City of Northville has an aging population. The city's current infrastructure is old
and is susceptible to downed trees/limbs and electrical wires. Power outages are
common during major storms.
Blizzards, Ice Storms, and Extreme Cold
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• The City of Northville has an aging population. The city's current infrastructure is old
and is susceptible to downed trees/limbs and electrical wires. Power outages are
common during major storms
Tornadoes
• The City of Northville has an aging population. The city's current infrastructure is old
and is susceptible to downed trees/limbs and electrical wires. Power outages are
common during major storms.
Public Health Emergencies
• The City of Northville has an aging population. This population would be more at risk
to public health emergencies such as Covid-19.
Fog
• Fog can develop at any time especially in the morning hours. Fog could affect visibility
on city roads including 8 Mile. 8 Mile Road is a highly traveled road.
Infrastructure Failure
• The City of Northville's water tower is located in Oakland County. If the tower fails, it
could affect the water supply to Northville residents.
Structural Fire
• The City of Northville is an older community with many historical homes. These
homes could pose a greater fire risk.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Northville
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Review lot coverage ordinance to reduce runoff
Year Initiated 2024
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Northville
Lead Agency/ Organization City of Northville Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations City of Northville
Applicable Goal(s) 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source NA
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduce runoff from private homes and lots
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2025
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flood: Urban/Flash Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
The City of Northville will be reviewing planning and
zoning requirements related to the amount of
impervious surface that is allowed on residential
lots. The intent is to reduce runoff from residential
area.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Promote and increase Nixel registration
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Northville
Lead Agency/ Organization City of Northville Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations City of Northville
Applicable Goal(s) 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low ($500)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve communication with residents during
emergencies
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
2024
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated All Hazards
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Promote and increase Nixel registration and evaluate
options to increase frequency of announcements.
Produce and distribute educational and marketing
materials encouraging Nixel and social media
participation.
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Adding a School Resource Officer to Northville Public Schools
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Northville
Lead Agency/
Organization/Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
City of Northville Administration
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium, $135,000 per year
Potential Funding Source Grants and Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short-term - 2024
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Active Shooter / Active Assailant
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
The City of Northville has entered into an MOU with
Northville Schools to provide a School Resource Officer
in City of Northville Schools for the next three years.
Interviews for possible candidates have taken place.
Union approval for the position is pending. An SRO
should be in-place in November of 2023.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Design a Flood Control System
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Northville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Northville Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
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Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Design a flood control system to prevent flooding
in the Eight Mile and Novi Road Area. Flooding
causes unsafe conditions, especially at the Tree
Top Apartments
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Conduct Ongoing Training and Coordination with Mutual Aid Partners
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Northville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Northville Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance regional capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Conduct ongoing training and coordination
with mutual aid partners in fire and hazmat
response.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Mitigate Storm Water Runoff
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Northville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Northville Department
of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
BRIC/HMGP
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Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from
flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in
greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Mitigate Storm Water Runoff
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Implement Additional Hazmat Training
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Northville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State
and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Transportation
Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Update Tornado Warning System
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Northville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
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Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms,
Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
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35. City of Novi
Community Profile and Description
Novi was originally a township organized in 1832 from Farmington Township. Novi was
incorporated as a City in 1969. Novi is one of the fastest growing cities in Michigan. The
population from 2000 to 2010 increased by 16.5 %. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the
population is 66,243. The total area of the City of Novi is 31.28 square miles.
The City of Novi is also tied to Novi Township. The Township contracts with the city to
provide many services and is vulnerable to the same hazards.
Hazards
HAZMAT Incidents and Train Derailments:
• Concern about potential accidents involving the release of hazardous materials,
especially in the event of a train derailment on the railroad running north to south.
• Major thoroughfares like I-696, I-96, M-5, and I-275 could be affected, posing risks to
interstate commerce and the environment.
Tornado Incidents:
• Areas most vulnerable to tornadoes in the community are manufactured home
communities, covering 313 acres of land in Novi.
• Specific locations of concern include Grand River Avenue and Seeley Road, Thirteen
Mile Road, east of Novi Road, Haggerty Road between Twelve Mile Road and I-696,
and Napier Road south of Grand River Avenue.
Thunderstorms:
• Thunderstorms and resulting power outages are of concern to the City.
Structural Fires:
• The potential of a structural fire at one of the senior citizen facilities in the City is a
particular concern due to the residents' limited mobility, health conditions, and age.
Road Construction and Gas Line Ruptures:
• Road construction can lead to accidents, traffic congestion, and difficulties for
emergency personnel.
• Frequent gas line ruptures at construction sites are also of concern and require
mitigation measures.
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Improving Radio Coverage:
• The City aims to eliminate radio dead zones and provide continuous coverage of the
OakWin Radio System in all buildings to enhance communication during emergencies.
Terrorism/WMD and Soft Targets:
• Novi has numerous "soft targets" where people congregate in large numbers, making
them vulnerable to terrorism and sabotage attacks.
• Locations of concern include hospitals, schools, sporting venues, hotels, movie
theaters, restaurants, places of worship, shopping centers, transportation routes, and
government buildings.
• Saudi Aramco has been cited as a concern, due to being a research center for energy.
• Additional mass-crowd-gathering soft targets could include the Suburban Showcase
Collection, the State Fair and political events.
• Major shopping centers in Novi, such as Twelve Oaks Mall, West Oaks I and II, Novi
Town Center, Main Street, and Twelve Mile Road Crossing at Fountain Walk, need
security and emergency preparedness attention.
Communications System Resilience:
• Communications failures during natural or technological disasters, particularly high
windstorms, can significantly impact the community and its communication system.
Infrastructure Failure:
• The City of Novi is concerned about potential infrastructure failures, including the 36-
inch water main under I-96, which could have catastrophic consequences.
• Traffic accidents, especially on major highways like I-96, M-5, I-275, and Novi Road,
pose hazards and require attention.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Install Redundant Water Line
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Novi
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Novi Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$3M
Potential Funding Source Water Sewer Fund Novi
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Avoid water loss to 70% of community
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
unknown (6 year CIP)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Install Redundant 36" Water Line under 1-96 to replace
vulnerable pre-stressed concrete cylinder pipe water main
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Integrate a New Emergency Operations Center
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Novi
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Novi Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Police/Fire
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
5 million
Potential Funding Source Internal (local/county) funds
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Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of Government / support in the event of unique
incident
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2028
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Integrate a New Emergency Operations Center
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Novi
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Additional Hazmat Training and Equipment
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Novi
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Emergency Management
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $20,000
Potential Funding Source Yearly operational cost
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Loss of life and injuries
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
November 2018 (ongoing)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide additional hazmat training and
equipment for the public safety
departments.
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Hazmat training for
Police and Fire Departments (awareness
and operational training level).
2023 Update: Ongoing
Additional Training to Address Potential Civil Disturbance/Terrorist Target
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Novi
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Police Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$15,000
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Loss of life & injuries
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
December 2018 (ongoing)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Socio-Political Hazards (Civil Disturbance,
Social Unrest), Terrorism/ Weapons of Mass
Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Additional training to address the potential
civil disturbance/terrorist target at the Twelve
Oaks Shopping Center.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Emergency response
to high-profile events (active shooter, etc.)
2023 Update: Ongoing
Install and improve generators for certain public buildings
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Novi
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Novi Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$70,000
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Warming center, power back-up
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
March, 2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Install and improve generators for certain public
businesses (senior citizens, older adult facilities)
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Increase Public Awareness of the Dangers of Tornadoes
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Novi
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
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36. Novi Township
Community Profile and Description
Novi Township was organized in 1832 from Farmington Township. Only a small portion of
the original Township of Novi remains unincorporated. The majority of the township
incorporated first as the Village of Novi in 1958 and later into the City of Novi in 1969. As of
the 2020 U.S. Census, the population was 160. The total area of Novi Township is 0.1 square
miles.
The Township contracts with the City of Novi for many services. For the purposes of this
plan, the Township and the City will share the same hazards and new mitigation action
items.
Hazards
Community Structure:
• Novi Township is a small community with three roads, all located within a single
subdivision plat.
Extreme Heat and Severe Winter Weather:
• Extreme heat and severe winter hazards are significant concerns for the residents of
Novi Township. These hazards may include cold temperatures, heavy snowfall, ice
storms, and related impacts on roads and infrastructure.
Road Replacement and Culvert Updates:
• Novi Township has addressed road-related hazards by replacing roads of concern.
Except for one cul-de-sac, all roads in the community have been replaced.
• During the road replacement, culverts were updated to improve drainage and
mitigate potential flood-related hazards.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
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• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Novi Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Funding to Replace the Rest of the Roads in the Township
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Novi Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Novi Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
The roads have been slowly replaced
over the years. Culverts have been
updated as needed as well.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing. Only one
remaining cul-de-sac.
Ongoing
Provide Assistance in Funding Necessary Repairs in the Township's Roads
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Novi Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Novi Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State
and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Provide Assistance in Funding
Necessary Repairs in the Township's
Roads
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Ongoing
Fire Services
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Novi Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Novi Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
City of Novi
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date None, continual
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Continue to contract with the City of Novi for fire protection
services.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
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Removed Mitigation Actions
Provide Additional Funding for Maintaining Township Roads
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Novi Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed. This was just a
continuation of the 2005 action.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents:
Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
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37. City of Oak Park
Community Profile and Description
The City of Oak Park was first settled by European Americans in 1840. The Village of Oak
Park incorporated as a city on October 29, 1945, following the end of World War II. As of the
2020 U.S. Census, the population is 29,560. The total area of the City of Oak Park is 5.16
square miles.
Hazards
Winter Storm Hazards:
• Two high-rise elderly care buildings historically lose power during severe winter
storms.
• Currently, there is a limited backup power system for these buildings, requiring
potential improvements to ensure uninterrupted power supply during severe weather
events.
Earthquake Incidents:
• The older age of most buildings in the area raises concerns about additional damage
that could result from an earthquake.
• Mitigation efforts should focus on assessing and strengthening the structural integrity
of buildings to enhance their resilience against seismic activities.
Outdated PowerGrid Infrastructure:
• The city's power lines and electrical grid are described as very outdated, making them
susceptible to damage during storms or high wind events.
• The vulnerability of the power infrastructure leads to widespread power outages and
fire incidents from downed power lines, necessitating urgent upgrades and
maintenance.
Active Shooter Incidents, Terrorism, and WMD Incidents:
• The City of Oak Park expresses concern about potential incidents involving active
shooters, terrorism, or weapons of mass destruction, particularly targeting religious
populations.
• Preparedness and response plans should be developed and implemented to address
the specific threats associated with such incidents.
Other Hazards:
• The city faces structure fires, thunderstorms, and tornadoes.
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• Multi-story residential apartment buildings, including a senior citizen high-rise, are
particularly at risk during these occurrences, requiring adequate measures for their
safety.
Transportation-Related Hazards:
• Oak Park experiences hazards related to transportation due to the high traffic volume
on trunk lines such as I-696 and Eight Mile Road.
• Mitigation efforts should include strategies to reduce potential accidents and enhance
safety on these heavily traveled routes.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Improve Preparedness for Jewish Community from Attacks
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position OP Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Southfield, other depts and Oak
Park
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 4, 5, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Unknown
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life-safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium-High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Medium-High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Active Shooter/Active Assailant,
Terrorism/ Weapons of Mass
Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Improve Preparedness for Jewish
Community from Attacks
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
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Improve Power Infrastructure to Reduce Fire Hazard
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position DTE, OP
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Very Expensive
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium-High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium-High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Improve Power Infrastructure to Reduce Fire
Hazard
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
The jurisdiction did not have previous mitigation actions.
Completed Mitigation Actions
Regional Study of Water Tankers
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide a regional supply of water tankers to be
shared with neighboring communities when there is
no water or when water pressure is low due to power
failures and/or failures of the Detroit Water and
Sewerage Department.
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
Completed
Replace Older Backup Generators
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State
and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Replace the older backup
generators at the City's public safety
department.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Complete, date unknown
Provide Backup Electrical Power for Community Center
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Summer Storms,
Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide backup electrical power for the
community center to provide shelter during
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power failures and other emergency
sheltering needs.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Complete, date unknown
Provide New Aerial Ladder for Firefighting
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide a new aerial ladder for firefighting due
to the age of existing equipment and the
acquisition of new properties containing multi-
story residences.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Complete, date unknown
Construction of New Public Safety/City Hall Building
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown. The new building is complete
and currently being occupied by the Public Safety
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Department. The generator is installed and operating
properly.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest)
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The City of Oak Park is starting construction of a new
public safety/city hall building. Currently they share the
building with the 45-B District Court. Upon completion, they
will move to their own building and many of their security
issues will be decreased due to the traffic of the court
offices. The new building will also have
automatic/dedicated generator backup for continuity of
services during a power outage.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Complete, date unknown. The new building is complete
and currently being occupied by the Public Safety
Department. The generator is installed and operating
properly.
Community Center Renovation
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal
Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown. The renovations in the
Community Center are complete.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
The City's community center is also due for
renovation that will improve the services available
to Oak Park residents during power outages or
times of extreme temperatures.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Complete, date unknown. The renovations in the
Community Center are complete.
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LED Street Light Installation
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Oak Park
Lead Agency / Organization / Position DTE, Department of Public Works, Assistant
City Manager
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$625,000
Potential Funding Source City Fund
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased road safety, decreased road
accidents
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
End of 2017, early 2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
The City is currently replacing all street lights
to LED lighting. This project looks to increase
safety and reduce accidents along the
roadways.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Initiated. As of December 2017,
funds have been secured and the project is
underway.
2023 Update: COMPLETED
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38. Oakland Township
Community Profile and Description
Oakland Township has the distinction of being one of Michigan's oldest townships. It was
first named by the Land Ordinance of 1785. It was one of the original 25 townships in the
Territory of Michigan when counties were further divided into townships in 1827. As of the
2020 U.S. Census, the population is 20,067. The total area is 36.8 square miles.
Hazards
Thunderstorms, High Winds, and Heavy Rain Incidents:
• The threat of thunderstorms accompanied by high winds and heavy rains is a
significant concern for the residents of Oakland Township.
• The primary risks include trees or branches falling on power lines, leading to power
outages, and blocking Township roads, impeding traffic and emergency response.
Flooding Incidents:
• Flooding due to heavy rains is a recurring problem in Oakland Township.
• Roads vulnerable to flooding include Canyon, Gallagher, Collins, and Orion Roads,
necessitating measures to address and manage floodwater effectively.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• The potential for a hazardous material emergency exists in the Township, raising
concerns about the safety of residents and responders.
• Specific training and proper equipment are crucial to effectively respond to all hazmat
emergencies, prompting the need for robust hazmat preparedness programs.
Natural Gas Pipelines and Chemicals Stored by Farmers:
• The presence of natural gas pipelines and chemicals stored by farmers poses potential
hazards in Oakland Township.
• Ensuring proper monitoring, maintenance, and safety measures are in place to
mitigate the risks associated with these facilities and materials is vital.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
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• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Needed Assistance in Preventing Flooding
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Road Commission
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities to flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Riverine Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide needed assistance in preventing
flooding of area roads flood during heavy
rain.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing. Potential for this
issue remains, but has not been a recent
threat.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Seek and Provide Training for Hazmat Incidents
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline
Accidents
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Seek and Provide Training for Hazmat Incidents
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Annual training
2023 Update: Ongoing
Tactical Training
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland Township Fire
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 1,3,4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protection of life (both civilian and
responders), safety of critical assets.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Annual training effort
Actual Completion Date Ongoing
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Criminal Acts: Mass Shootings/Active
Assailant, Terrorism and Sabotage
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Tactical training to respond to active
shooter situations within the Township,
especially at a school or daycare.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
Removed Mitigation Actions
Implement Additional Hazmat Training
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oakland Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date Completed. The 2012 plan created a new
mitigation action for this continuing action.
For clarity, this action was "removed."
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed. The 2012 plan created a new
mitigation action for this continuing action.
For clarity, this action was "removed."
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39. City of Orchard Lake
Community Profile and Description
The City of Orchard Lake Village is a small, exclusive suburb of Detroit. Prior to 1928, the
community now known as the City of Orchard Lake Village was part of West Bloomfield
Township. The residents of the community voted (92 in favor, 5 against) on March 19, 1928,
to incorporate as Orchard Lake Village. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 2,238.
The total area of the City of Orchard Lake Village is 4.12 square miles. About 43 percent of
the City of Orchard Lake Village is occupied by lakes and ponds. The City surrounds its
namesake, Orchard Lake, but also includes a portion of Upper Straits Lake and borders,
along its northern limits, the waters of Cass Lake.
Hazards
HAZMAT Incidents:
• The City of Orchard Lake faces the potential for hazardous material emergencies,
primarily due to trucks carrying hazardous materials through the community.
• The roads most frequently traveled by these vehicles are Orchard Lake Road, Pontiac
Trail, and Commerce Road, requiring enhanced safety measures and response plans.
• Orchard Lake Road is a major thoroughfare through the city under the jurisdiction of
the Road Commission of Oakland County. Large trucks access this road through the
city.
Fuel Storage at Local Facilities:
• Fuel storage at local facilities is another hazard in Orchard Lake, particularly
concerning due to its proximity to a school.
• Measures to ensure proper storage, monitoring, and safety protocols are necessary to
mitigate potential risks.
Response to Major Emergencies:
• Orchard Lake representatives express concerns about the city's response to major
emergencies, especially related to hazmat incidents.
• Adequate hazmat training and sufficient manpower are critical to effectively handle
emergencies and protect the community.
Thunderstorms and Power Outages:
• Thunderstorms pose a major concern to the citizens of Orchard Lake due to their
potential to cause power outages.
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• Preparedness measures to handle power disruptions and ensure timely restoration
are essential for the city's resilience.
• Large amount of trees, old growth, vulnerable to lightning strikes.
High Winds
• Large amount of trees, old growth, vulnerable to wind damage.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Orchard Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
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Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Tree Removal and Tree Trimming
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Orchard Lake
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County Road Commission
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $50,000
Potential Funding Source Taxpayer
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Safe Travel
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Tree Removal and Tree Trimming of old
growth trees along Pontiac Trail and
Commerce Road.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide Joint Hazmat Training
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Orchard Lake
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Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed
Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide joint hazmat training with police
and fire departments and neighboring
police departments.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Complete, date unknown
Provide Additional Manpower for Emergencies
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Orchard Lake
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
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Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide additional manpower for emergencies as needed
per mutual aid agreements.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Complete, date unknown
Removed Mitigation Actions
Provide for Emergency Electrical Power for Certain Flood Pumps
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Orchard
Lake
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Removed, date
unknown
Pursue Improvements to the OakWin Radio System
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Orchard Lake
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Orchard Lake, County
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Pursue improvements to the OakWin Radio System such
as portable repeaters to be used for fire emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need to
replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that offers
more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with the
State of Michigan). The identification and implementation of
an improved radio system would address the
aforementioned deficiencies identified in this action.
2023 Update: REMOVED
Seek Training Opportunities to Address Water Rescues
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Orchard Lake
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date West Bloomfield provides Fire Rescue
services, so this mitigation action is no
longer necessary for the City of Orchard
Lake.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Marine
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Seek training opportunities to address the
deficiencies with regard to water rescues on
the City's lakes.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
West Bloomfield provides Fire Rescue
services, so this mitigation action is no
longer necessary for the City of Orchard
Lake.
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40. Orion Township
Community Profile and Description
Orion Township was established in March of 1835. The official motto of the township and
village is "Where living is a vacation". As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 38,206.
The total area of Orion Township is 35.9 square miles. The Township has three
unincorporated communities: Eames, Lake Orion Heights and Gingellville.
Hazards
Structural and Natural Fires:
• Orion Township faces potential dangers from both structural and natural fires,
necessitating effective fire prevention and response strategies.
Tornadoes:
• The occurrence of a tornado could have devastating effects on people and property in
Orion Township.
• Residents living in the mobile home park off Brown Road, west of Lapeer Road, are at
the greatest risk during tornado events.
Winter Weather Hazards:
• Winter weather, especially ice storms, poses risks to the community, with M-24 being
a heavily traveled road prone to accidents during such weather conditions.
Natural Gas Pipeline Hazards:
• The presence of a natural gas pipeline running through a small portion of the
Township poses a potential hazard for hazmat incidents.
Dam Failure and Flood-Related Hazards:
• Concerns exist about the potential failure of the Lake Orion Dam and Duck Lake Dam,
as well as flooding at specific locations like Buckhorn Lake, Lake Orion Dam (Paint
Creek), and Duck Lake Dam (Clarkston Rd.).
Subsidence (Sinkhole) Incidents:
• Orion Township is at risk of subsidence due to the interconnection of many lakes in
the area, requiring monitoring and mitigation measures.
HAZMAT Incidents:
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• The General Motors Plant is a concern for potential future HAZMAT incidents,
necessitating preparedness and response plans.
Infrastructure Failure Incidents:
• Concerns about the ITC Transmission Lines and the single GIWA water feed
transmission main call for proper maintenance and contingency planning.
Oil and Gas Well Incidents:
• A large consumer gas main running through the community presents a potential
hazard, requiring safety protocols and monitoring.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Indian Lake Rd. Bridge
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Orion Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Orion Township Planning and
Zoning, Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flood
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New
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Public Education in Orion Living Magazine
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Orion Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Orion Parks, Orion Library, Chamber, DDA
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$25,000
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) TBD
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Public Education in Orion Living Magazine
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Direct Bury Power Lines
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Orion
Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Utilities
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Potential Funding Source Fees
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated All Hazards
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New
Secondary Connection to GIWA for NOCWA
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Orion Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Supervisor's Office
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety, resiliency
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Extreme Heat, Public Health
Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic,
Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Orion Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
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Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Continue educating people on hazardous weather conditions so they can be
prepared for bad weather.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Orion Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Orion Township Fire Rescue Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 5,6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increasing awareness, education and
preparedness of public, business, non-profit,
government, etc. about hazards
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Winds/Severe Winds, Tornadoes,
Winter Storm and Blizzards
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue educating people on hazardous
weather conditions so they can be prepared
for bad weather.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
First Responder Training
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Orion Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Orion Township Fire Rescue Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Staff time, possible travel and/or instructor costs, material
costs
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased first responder capability, increased public safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Orion Township is actively seeking additional training
opportunities to increase the capabilities of their first
responders. Specific trainings the Township is interested in
include:
Active Shooter
Gas Line Safety
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Research the feasibility of a backup water supply system
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Orion Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Research the feasibility of a backup water supply
system that can be utilized in times of
emergencies, especially when pressure is
diminished in the Detroit Water and Sewerage
Department.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Complete, date unknown
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41. Village of Ortonville
Community Profile and Description
The Village of Ortonville lies on the northern edge of Metro Detroit. The Village was
founded in 1848 by Amos Orton and incorporated as a village in 1902. As of the 2020 U.S.
Census, the population is 1,376. The total area of the Village of Ortonville is 0.98 square
miles.
Hazards
Tornado Incidents:
• Local representatives express concerns about insufficient warning systems and
resources to respond to tornado emergencies effectively.
Structural Fire Incidents:
• The advanced age of many buildings in the downtown area makes the Village
vulnerable to potential devastating fires.
Vehicle Accidents on M-15:
• M-15, the major road in the community, experiences numerous vehicle accidents,
posing risks to motorists and pedestrians.
Ice Storms and High Wind Events:
• Ice storms are a significant threat, causing prolonged power outages for residents.
• High winds are also a major concern, leading to fallen trees and power lines,
exacerbating the impact of storms.
Frontier (Verizon) Switching Station:
• The Frontier (Verizon) switching station at M-15 and Narrin Road corner presents a
possible hazard, especially concerning battery backup systems.
Crude Oil Pipeline:
• A crude oil pipeline running south of M-15 and Grange Hall Road is a potential hazard
to the community.
Propane Supplier Tanks:
• The presence of two 30,000-gallon propane tanks at a supplier poses a risk to the
community.
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Dam Failure:
• Concerns exist about the potential failure of the Lake Louise dam, which covers
Kersley to Flint Watershed, posing a flood-related hazard.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
New Fire Wells for Water Supply Throughout Village
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Ortonville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Brandon Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Village of Ortonville
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$200,000
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Water supply for structure fires
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2024 Summer
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Wildfires, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site, Infrastructure Failure,
Structural Fire, Transportation Accidents:
Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Especially for an old mill that is a historical
building
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
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Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Ortonville
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Phragmite Invasion Reduction
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Brandon Township, Village of
Ortonville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Brandon Township, Village of
Ortonville
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Grants / local funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduce the damage caused to roots
blocking drainage tiles and culverts.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to
5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flood (Urban/Flash Flooding),
Invasive Species
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Reduction of invasive species,
phragmites.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide confined space rescue equipment.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Ortonville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Subsidence, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Infrastructure Failure,
Transportation Accidents: Highway
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
There is a need for equipment to properly
respond to vehicle accidents and other hazards.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Complete, date unknown
Address flooding that causes road closures on Poli Road.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of
Ortonville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
Plan to Install Fire Suppression Well
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Ortonville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Plan to install a fire suppression well in
downtown Ortonville to help with a
possible fire in the downtown area.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Complete, date unknown
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Provide Additional Tornado Sirens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Ortonville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Ortonville
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal
Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing from 2012 plan. Additional
siren installed in Village/TWP limits. Also, Stations #1
and #2 sirens have been updated with new radio
receivers. Would like to update siren with new
design.
2023 Update: Completed
Removed Mitigation Actions
Install Additional Outdoor Warning Sirens
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Ortonville
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed. This action was
ongoing from 2005.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms,
Tornadoes
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Install additional outdoor warning
sirens for full coverage in the
Village.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Removed. This action was
ongoing from 2005.
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42. Oxford Township
Community Profile and Description
Prior to the 1820s, what is now Oxford Township was known to be a hunting ground of the
Nepessing Tribe of the Chippewa Indians, who inhabited large areas of what became
Oakland, Lapeer and St. Clair counties. Oxford Township was not officially created until after
Michigan became a state in 1837. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 22,419. The
total area of Oxford Township is 35.2 square miles. The Township has three unincorporated
communities within its boundaries: Oakwood, Thomas and Waterstone.
Hazards
Tornado Preparedness:
• Tornadoes are a primary hazard of concern for Oxford Township.
• Manufactured home residential areas are particularly vulnerable to tornado damage,
covering over two hundred acres of Township land.
Power Outage Risks for Senior Living Facilities:
• The two senior living facilities in the Township rely on generator-based power and are
at risk during extended power outages.
Traffic Accidents and HAZMAT Incidents:
• M-24, a heavily traveled road in the Township, poses risks of traffic accidents,
especially involving trucks transporting hazardous materials.
• Local industrial facilities and hazardous materials on M-24 create the potential for
hazardous material emergencies.
Energy Pipeline Hazards:
• The energy pipeline running through the Township has required repairs at multiple
locations, raising concerns about potential hazards to the community.
• Malfunctions in the pipeline could significantly damage the environment and
residents.
Winter Storm Hazards:
• Blizzards, heavy storms, and ice storms/sleet can cause blowing and drifting in rural
areas, leaving residents snowed in for extended periods.
Extreme Cold Events:
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• Two large, manufactured home parks face freezing pipes and plumbing challenges
during extreme cold weather.
High Winds and Tornadoes:
• Two large, manufactured home parks risk additional damage during high winds or
tornado events.
Subsidence (Sinkhole) Incidents:
• Multiple gravel pits and housing developments built on reclaimed gravel pits create a
risk of subsidence incidents.
Active Shooter Incidents:
• A mass shooting occurred at Oxford High School in November 2021, highlighting the
need for preparedness against active shooter incidents.
Oil and Gas Well Incidents:
• The presence of a large pipeline (Enbridge) across the township increases the risk of
oil and gas well incidents.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Conduct a community survey on the potential hazards for Sink holes
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Oxford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Supervisor
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Potential Funding Source Explore outside funding sources
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety, asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
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Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Subsidence
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Conduct a community survey on the
potential hazards for Sink holes based on
the soil makeup and the number of gravel
pits
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New
Conduct a Study for Impact of Radon on Community Systems
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Oxford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Supervisor
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Potential Funding Source Explore outside funding
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Conduct a study to better understand the
impact of Radon on community systems,
including water systems in residential areas
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Oxford Township
Lead Agency/ Organization Fire
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
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Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Fund Specialized Training and Provide Equipment for Hazmat Incidents
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Oxford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oxford Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
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Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline
Accidents
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Fund Specialized Training and Provide
Equipment for Hazmat Incidents
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Provide Additional Equipment to Assist in Truck Accidents
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Oxford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oxford Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Transportation
Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide Additional Equipment to Assist in
Truck Accidents
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Continue to Work/Communicate with Pipeline Representatives
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Oxford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oxford Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase coordination and cooperation
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
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Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Petroleum
and Natural Gas Pipeline Accidents
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Continue to work/communicate with the pipeline
representatives to assure safe conditions along the
pipeline within the Township. Fund Specialized
Training and Provide Equipment for Hazmat
Incidents
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Install Standby Generator at Oxford Library
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oxford Township, Village of Oxford
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oxford Township, Village of Oxford Administration
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000); $75,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Cold, Extreme Heat, High Winds/Severe Winds,
Ice and/or Sleet Storms, Thunderstorms (Lightning),
Tornadoes, Winter Storm and Blizzards, Infrastructure
Failure: Electrical System Failure Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Install standby generator at Oxford Library so the
building can function as a shelter in the event of power
outage caused by ice, wind, storm, or tornado. By having
the standby generator, the library could function as a
shelter. Our community is growing, and the need is there
for a larger shelter.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
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Completed Mitigation Actions
Install Additional Tornado Sirens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Oxford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms,
Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Complete, date unknown
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43. Village of Oxford
Community Profile and Description
The Village of Oxford was incorporated in 1876 by the County Board of Supervisors and re-
incorporated in 1891. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 3,492. The total area of
the Village of Oxford is 1.47 square miles.
Hazards
Traffic Accident Risks:
• M-24 is a heavily traveled road running north and south through the Village.
• The large number of trucks using this route increases the potential for traffic
accidents.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Many trucks traveling on M-24 transport hazardous materials, posing additional risks
to the community.
• The presence of hazardous materials on this route raises concerns about potential
hazardous material emergencies.
Industrial Facilities:
• Local industrial facilities in the Village could be potential sources of hazardous
materials.
• Proper hazard mitigation plans should be in place to respond to emergencies in these
facilities.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Oxford
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Fund Specialized Training and Provide Equipment for Hazmat Incidents
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Oxford
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oxford Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline
Accidents
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Fund Specialized Training and Provide
Equipment for Hazmat Incidents
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Provide Additional Equipment for Truck Accidents
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Oxford
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oxford Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Transportation
Accidents: Highway
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide Additional Equipment for Truck
Accidents
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Install Standby Generator at Oxford Library
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Oxford Township, Village of Oxford
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Oxford Township, Village of Oxford Administration
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1,4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000); $75,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2020
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Cold, Extreme Heat, High Winds/Severe Winds,
Ice and/or Sleet Storms, Thunderstorms (Lightning),
Tornadoes, Winter Storm and Blizzards, Infrastructure
Failure: Electrical System Failure Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Install standby generator at Oxford Library so the building
can function as a shelter in the event of power outage
caused by ice, wind, storm, or tornado. By having the
standby generator, the library could function as a shelter.
Our community is growing, and the need is there for a
larger shelter. Fund Specialized Training and Provide
Equipment for Hazmat Incidents
The library is located in the Charter Township of Oxford of
which the Village of Oxford is in the township. The
proximity of the library to the Village (100 feet) makes this
a project that the entire community would benefit from.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Install Additional Tornado Sirens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Oxford
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
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Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if applicable
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Complete, date
unknown
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44. City of Pleasant Ridge
Community Profile and Description
Pleasant Ridge began with the subdivision of the Mayday farm by Burt Taylor in 1906. It was
incorporated as a village in 1919 and as a city in 1928. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the
population is 2,627. The total area of the City of Pleasant Ridge is 0.57 square miles.
Hazards
Electrical Disruptions:
• The City is vulnerable to electrical disruptions due to infrastructure system failures or
severe weather.
• Power outages have severely impacted the community, and the response time from
the local utility company has been unsatisfactory.
Active Shooter Incidents:
• There is an elementary school located within the City, and the Pleasant Ridge police
have undergone training for active shooter incidents to be prepared in case of such an
event at the school.
Infrastructure System Failures:
• The City is at risk of electrical, sewer, and stormwater infrastructure system failures.
• The electrical distribution system is on overhead wires along rear property lines,
leading to frequent outages during severe weather events due to downed lines.
Burying power lines could be an optimal solution.
• The combined sewer system is part of the GWK drainage district serving 12 SE
Oakland County Communities.
o The system becomes overwhelmed during flashier and frequent large storms,
causing basement backups.
Traffic-Related Hazards:
• The City is at risk for traffic-related hazards, bisected by Woodward Avenue and
borders I-696.
High Winds
• Our City contains many mature trees. During high wind events trees can topple,
potentially falling on houses or property, and blocking streets. Downed trees or tree
limbs can also cause power outages due to our overhead electrical distribution
system.
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Hazardous Materials
• The CN Railroad passes along the east edge of the City, with the train tracks being
located within 150 feet of residential structures. A train derailment could cause
significant public safety impacts if hazardous waste is spilled into the community.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pleasant Ridge
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
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Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Additional Manpower and Equipment for Vehicular Accidents
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pleasant Ridge
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City Manager
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide additional manpower and
equipment to deal with vehicular
accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Provide Emergency Funding for Water for Citizens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pleasant Ridge
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City Manager
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Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Winds/Severe Winds, Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure: Electrical System Failure Incident,
Infrastructure Failure: Water System Failure Incident,
Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide emergency funding to provide water to
citizens in cases of power outages.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing.
2023 Update: Ongoing. In the process of installing a
backup generator in the community center. This
center will serve as a shelter during emergencies
which will enable the city to provide water and other
resources.
Provide Ongoing Training for Public Safety
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pleasant Ridge
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City Manager
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated All Hazards
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Provide ongoing training for public
safety to provide a safe community.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
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Storm water Infiltration
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pleasant Ridge
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County Drain Commissioner - GWK
District
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations 12 GWK communities
Applicable Goal(s) 1,3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Flooding,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Deploy green infrastructure improvements to
infiltrate storm water in place before it enters
the combined sewer system.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide Dedicated/Automatic Switch-over Generator
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pleasant Ridge
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Pleasant Ridge
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of operations by ensuring essential functions are
operational
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Completed
Actual Completion Date Completed
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
Medium
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide a dedicated/automatic switch-over generator for
the city hall and additional generators for the community
center.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Completed
Removed Mitigation Actions
Provide Additional Manpower, Training, and Equipment
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pleasant Ridge
Lead Agency / Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest)
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide additional manpower, training
and equipment to be properly prepared
for a civil disturbance.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority
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45. City of Pontiac
Community Profile and Description
Pontiac is the County Seat for Oakland County. The first settlers arrived in what is now the
City of Pontiac in 1818. Two years later there were enough people there to form a village
named after the famous Indian Chief who had made his headquarters in the area only a few
years before. Pontiac was Michigan's first inland settlement. The village was officially
recognized by the state legislature in 1837 and it incorporated as a city in 1861. As of the
2020 U.S. Census, the population is 61,606. The total area of Pontiac is 20.28 square miles.
Pontiac has a tremendous amount of manufacturing, heavy industrial, retail, and residential.
There is a downtown area spanning 2 square miles. Three hospitals are located in Pontiac,
two of which are fully active.
Hazards
Tornadoes and Winter Weather Hazards:
• Tornadoes and winter weather hazards are significant concerns for the residents of
Pontiac.
• Pontiac has a large population of seniors and low-income residents that may be
vulnerable to extreme heat and cold due to their inability to pay heating/cooling bills
and have inadequate housing insulation.
Hazmat Incidents and Traffic Accidents:
• Hazmat incidents and traffic accidents are also areas of concern in the city.
Fire Services:
• The Waterford Regional Fire Department provides fire services in Pontiac.
Train Delays:
• A major concern is the frequent delays in responding to emergency situations due to
trains blocking streets.
• The lack of a solution to this problem is a genuine concern for the community.
• The presence of a rail yard within the city increases the potential for hazardous
materials incidents or terrorist attacks.
Crime and Inmate Release:
• The high frequency of crime is a significant issue in Pontiac, like in many large cities.
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• The practice of assigning inmates released from the Oakland County Jail to halfway
houses and facilities in Pontiac, instead of returning them to their own communities,
concerns city representatives.
Active Shooter / Active Assailant
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pontiac
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
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Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Designated Special Hazmat Route
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pontiac
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Pontiac Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000) $100,000
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate
casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue efforts to clean up and manage
woody debris in the Clinton River. Annual
Review.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The OCSO does
enforce the hazmat trucking restriction in
the downtown district.
2023 Update: Ongoing
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Seek Funding to Provide County-Wide Wireless Internet Security Cameras
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pontiac
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Pontiac Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Criminal Acts: Arson, Criminal Acts: Mass
Shootings/Active Assailant, Criminal Acts:
Vandalism
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Seek funding to provide County-wide wireless
internet security cameras to be placed in high
crime areas for police and fire departments.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Rehabilitate or Demolish Vacant, Dangerous, or Condemned Buildings
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pontiac
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Pontiac Community Development
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1,3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Winds/Severe Winds, Tornadoes, Winter
Storm and Blizzards
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Vacant, dangerous, and condemned buildings
need funding for rehab or demolition, to
protect residents and neighboring property.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Create a Plan to Eliminate Traffic Tie-ups at Railroad Crossings
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pontiac
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown. Lawrence street issue is
complete. Lawrence is now split at the tracks, by a large
concrete wall.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Create a plan to eliminate traffic tie-ups at railroad
crossings to provide unimpeded emergency vehicle access
(particularly at the Johnson, Lawrence, and Sanford Street
railroad crossings).
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Complete, date unknown. Lawrence street issue is
complete. Lawrence is now split at the tracks, by a large
concrete wall.
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Removed Mitigation Actions
Transfer Individuals Recently Released from Jail Back to Own Communities
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pontiac
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Pontiac
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Socio-
Political Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social
Unrest)
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Transfer individuals recently released from
jail back to their own communities rather
than placing them in a facility in Pontiac.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: REMOVE
Increase Public Safety
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pontiac
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Pontiac, Waterford Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
Low
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for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Funding is needed to increase public safety levels for the
City. With renewed growth of industrial, manufacturing,
retail, office space, and health care facilities, the South Blvd
Fire Station #10 will need to be reopened with staffing and
re-equipped.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: REMOVE
Additional Fire Prevention Officers
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Pontiac
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Waterford Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
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Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
With the continued growth of the City as noted in an earlier
comment the need for Fire Prevention and Inspection is
increasing. Funding is needed to provide additional Fire
Prevention Officers.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: REMOVE
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46. City of Rochester
Community Profile and Description
The City of Rochester is on the north side of the Detroit Metropolitan area. The City of
Rochester was settled in 1817 and the village became the City of Rochester in 1967,
breaking away from Avon Township. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 13,035.
The total area in the City of Rochester is 3.83 square miles.
Hazards
Tornado and Structural Fire Risks:
• The downtown historical area is vulnerable to tornadoes and structural fires due to
the age of the structures.
Structural Fire Incidents:
• There is a specific vulnerability to fires at the local senior citizen residential complex.
Flooding:
• Flooding of the Clinton River exists in the city's southern portion, particularly along
South Street, posing a risk to light industrial areas.
High Wind Events:
• High winds have become a major concern, knocking over trees and power lines,
causing significant damage in the past.
Electrical System Failure:
• There is a high risk of an electrical system failure incident due to poor power quality
from the local service provider.
Aging Infrastructure:
• Aging infrastructure poses hazards such as sewer system failure, stormwater system
failure, and transportation infrastructure system failure.
• Failure of potable water is a concern, as it is single-connecting for 2.8 square miles of
the city.
Ice Storms and Severe Winter Weather:
• Ice storms pose hazards for traveling, particularly affecting senior citizens.
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• Winter storms and blizzards can pose moderate to severe risks to historic buildings
depending on the storm's severity.
Traffic Hazards:
• Increased traffic on Rochester Road poses potential hazards due to hazardous
material transportation and the risk of multi-car accidents.
• There is a moderate risk of transportation accidents in the historic downtown area.
Extreme Weather Effects:
• Drought may lead to excessive use of the municipal water system.
• The increasingly aging population may be at greater risk during extreme cold and heat
events.
• Hail is not usually a risk, depending on the size of the hail.
Other Risks:
• There is a low risk of arson, and blight is under control.
• Mass shootings/active assailants, terrorism, and sabotage pose moderate to high risks
due to numerous large public events and crowds.
• There is an invasive species risk related to phragmites.
Flood-Related Hazards:
• Specific streets like Second, Third, and Fourth Streets from Main to Letica and Water
are subject to flooding based on historical patterns.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• There is a transmission pipeline for Enbridge carrying a variety of flammable liquids.
• 12 companies around the city carry or possess hazardous materials.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Construct Potable Water Storage Tank
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Fire / DPW
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Finance
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$750,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Potable water for community
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
6/1/2024
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Construct a 500,000-gallon potable Water
Storage tank due to a single supply line for
potable water. Recent failure highlights this
single connection shortfall
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Improve storm drains to prevent flooding
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Fire / DPW
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Finance
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$650K
Potential Funding Source NFIP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) $3,000K
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
9/1/2024
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Improve storm drains to prevent flooding in
intersection similar to Selong and Water, Thira
and Watel and Selong and Letica due to extreme
weather caused by global changes
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Study, Design and Implement Streambank Erosion Control Mitigation
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Emergency Management and DPW
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$500,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP, FMA
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Mitigate flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short-term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Extreme weather incidents have resulted in streambank
erosion and high-water in rivers. Baskets are being
undermined, eating into the bank causing streambank
erosion issues. Mitigation alternatives, such as replacing
gravel ballards, sheet pilings, and elevation, etc. need to
be studied and implemented.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Study, Design and Implement Mitigation Alternatives to Address Stormwater
Backflow
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Emergency Management and DPW
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$800,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP, FMA
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Mitigate flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short-term
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Stormwater drainage lacks capacity and drainage
piping needs to be replaced and elevated to minimize
backflow. In some areas, 12-inch piping needs to be
replaced with 30-inch piping. The specific areas of
concern include, but are not limited to: Clinton River
and Paint Creek.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Mitigate Streambank Erosion
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Emergency Management and DPW
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Potential Funding Source BRIC
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Mitigate streambank erosion; need a
study; add gravel ballards - not
working;
Baskets are being undermined,
eating into the bank
Add sheet pilings
River bend has lowered
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester
Lead Agency/ Organization Emergency Management
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Continue Efforts to Clean up and Manage Woody Debris
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester
Lead Agency / Organization / Position DPW
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Clinton River Watershed Council
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000) $100,000
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
($1,000,000.00)
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date Ongoing
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue efforts to clean up and manage
woody debris in the Clinton River.
Annual Review.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Improve security and maintenance at water systems.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester
Lead Agency / Organization / Position DPW
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Police
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (Greater than
$100,000) $400,000
Potential Funding Source City Budget, Explore outside sources
of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
($5,000,000)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
6/2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
Improve monitoring and security of
municipal water works
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Community Communication System
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Police/Fire/DPW
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
City of Rochester
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$4,000 per year
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Potential Funding Source City budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
1/1/2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Community Communication System
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Plan and implement improvements to prevent erosion along the soft shoulder of
the Clinton River.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position DPW
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Planning
Applicable Goal(s) Prevention and reduction of damage to
public and private property and
infrastructure.
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $750,000
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) $1,500,000
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date April, 2017
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Plan and implement improvements to
prevent erosion along the soft shoulder
of the Clinton River.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed in 2017
Removed Mitigation Actions
Continue current levels of cooperation from Oakland County
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Rochester Fire
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Police & DPW
Applicable Goal(s) Improve and support public and private organizational
response capabilities.
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$5,000
Potential Funding Source City Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date Ongoing Cooperation
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Cold, Extreme Heat, Fog,
Hail, High Winds/Severe Winds, Ice and/or Sleet Storms,
Riverine Flooding, Shoreline Flooding & Erosion
Subsidence, Thunderstorms (Lightning), Tornadoes, Urban
Flooding, Wildfire, Winter Storm and Blizzards, Criminal
Acts: Arson, Criminal Acts: Mass Shootings/Active
Assailant, Criminal Acts: Vandalism, Dam Failure, Gas/Oil
Shortages or Supply Disruption, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Infrastructure Failure:
Communication System Failure, Incident Infrastructure
Failure: Electrical System Failure, Incident Infrastructure
Failure: Sewer System Failure, Incident Infrastructure
Failure: Storm Water System Failure Incident,
Infrastructure Failure: Transportation (Bridges, Roads,
Overpasses), Infrastructure System Failure Incident,
Infrastructure Failure: Water System Failure Incident,
Invasive Species, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and
Gas Well Accidents, Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline
Accidents, Scrap Tire Fire, Structural Fire, Transportation
Accidents: Air ,Transportation Accidents: Highway,
Transportation Accidents: Marine, Transportation
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Accidents: Rail, Civil Disturbances, Terrorism and
Sabotage, Weapons of Mass Destruction,
Pandemic/Epidemic
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Removed 2023
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47. City of Rochester Hills
Community Profile and Description
The City of Rochester Hills is located on the northern outskirts of Metropolitan Detroit. Prior
to European settlement, the area now known as Rochester Hills was inhabited by Native
Americans, namely the Potawatomi. The first European settler was James Graham who
arrived in 1817. Rochester was incorporated as a village within the township in 1869. In
1966, village residents voted to become the City of Rochester, effective in February 1967. As
of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 76,300. The total area of the City of Rochester
Hills is 32.91 square miles.
Hazards
Flooding:
• Areas most vulnerable to flooding include Paint Creek near Dutton Road and
Livernois, Stoney Creek near East Tienken Road, and the Clinton River north of Hamlin
Road.
• Factors contributing to flooding include water originating from other communities
and private bridges blocked by debris, causing subsequent flooding.
• Riverine and shoreline flooding are concerns at specific locations.
Emergencies at Senior Citizen Facilities:
• Fires or tornadoes at senior citizen facilities present significant risks, with 17 facilities
in the community and 3 more scheduled to open.
• Lack of a specific plan for transporting residents to a safe area is an area of concern.
Extreme Cold and Heat:
• Multi-family residential and senior living complexes are threatened by extreme cold
and heat due to building infrastructure failure.
Tornadoes and High Winds:
• Tornadoes and high winds have caused damage in the past, impacting trees, power
lines, and manufactured home communities.
• Highly populated residential areas may also be at risk during tornado events.
Electrical Grid Failures:
• Electrical grid failures are a major concern due to the larger number of senior citizens
living there.
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Infrastructure Failure:
• M-59 poses a potential hazard due to high traffic volume and transportation of
hazardous materials.
• Efforts to replace major bridges have reduced the risk of transportation infrastructure
failure.
Other Weather-Related Hazards:
• Fog, hail, ice storms, sleet storms, thunderstorms, lightning, and blizzards may impact
various areas and structures.
Air Incidents:
• Being in the flight path for Oakland County Airport, Rochester Hills, may be impacted
by air incidents.
Public Health Emergencies:
• Large senior population and low-income housing buildings are vulnerable to extreme
cold/heat and public health emergencies.
• Presence of senior living complexes and universities may also pose a threat during a
pandemic/epidemic.
Active Shooter Incidents:
• Two universities and numerous schools make the community susceptible to active
shooter incidents.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• The Sunoco Pipeline and an inspection pump facility present the potential for
HAZMAT emergencies.
Invasive Species:
• The city is actively involved in Phragmite mitigation in green spaces.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
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• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Update the City's Emergency Operations Plan and Hazard Mitigation Plan
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Fire
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
All Departments
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Unknown
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2025?
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
HIGH
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog, Invasive
Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer Storms,
Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes, Wildfires,
Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure Failure,
Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well Accidents,
Public Health Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-
Political Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social Unrest),
Structural Fire, Terrorism/ Weapons of Mass Destruction,
Transportation Accidents: Air, Transportation Accidents:
Highway, Transportation Accidents: Marine, Transportation
Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Planning and Preparedness: Update the City's Emergency
Operations Plan and Hazard Mitigation Plan to better
understand the hazards/threats of the city
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Management of the Clinton River
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Parks and Natural Resources
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $305,000
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Streambank Management, Woody
Debris Management and Removal
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Coexisting With Wildlife
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Parks and Natural Resources
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $26,500
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Provide education and mitigation to the
public to reduce the number of
deer/vehicle accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Tree Management
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Parks and Natural Resources
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$202,500/annually
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
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Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Invasive Species
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Update the tree inventory on city-owned
property. Need to maintain to update records on
condition of critical trees along pathways and in
parks.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Phragmite Mitigation Program
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Parks and Natural Resources
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $270,000 per year
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Invasive Species
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Treat on city-owned property. Phragmites
can cause issues with drainage,
infrastructure, public safety and natural
habitats.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
SCADA Upgrades/Improvements
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position DPS
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Subsidence,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for
2023
Adams Road Study
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Planning and Economic Development
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County Road Commission
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 3, 4, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Overview of impacts of improvements
to Adams Road between Hamlin and
Walton.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
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Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide Transportation for Citizens in Emergencies
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester Hills
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Rochester Hills Fire Department, Oakland County
Sheriff's Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide transportation for citizens, especially seniors, in
cases of emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Collaboration with Rochester
Schools.
2023 Update: Ongoing.
Address Problem of Clinton River Flooding
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Rochester Hills Department of Public
Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Severe Summer Storms
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Address the problem of Clinton River flooding
from storm water runoff and dam/lake level
control structure releases upstream.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
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Seek funding to complete bank erosion repair of Clinton River.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Rochester Hills Department of Public
Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Seek funding to complete bank erosion
repair of Clinton River.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Work along the
Clinton River took place this summer, but
will be a continuous process.
2023 Update: Ongoing - State made
improvements in 2020
Seek Funding to Remove Woody Debris
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester Hills
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Rochester Hills Department of Public
Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Seek funding to remove woody debris
removal of the Clinton River and Paint
Creek.
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Subcontractors
clean woody debris from the Clinton River
on an as needed basis.
2023 Update: Ongoing. Subcontractors
clean woody debris from the Clinton River
on an as needed basis.
Emergency Warning Notification System
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester Hills
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Rochester Hills Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Rochester Hills MIS
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 4, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC/HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Develop an effective emergency warning notification
system to make residents aware of a community
emergency.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing - currently utilizing social media.
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Completed Mitigation Actions
Prohibit Building of Private Bridges
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Halted. Don't believe this mitigation action is
active.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Riverine Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Prohibit the building of private bridges that may
back up small streams and result in flooding,
particularly on Paint Creek, the Clinton River
and Stoney Creek.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed
Removed Mitigation Actions
Seek funding to address flooding on Livernois and Avon Roads.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Rochester Hills
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position City of Rochester Hills
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Protect infrastructure from
flooding
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in
1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Removed
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48. Rose Township
Community Profile and Description
Rose Township is celebrating its 180th anniversary. The Act of Legislature creating Rose
Township was approved on March 11th, 1837. There are at least 25 lakes within the
boundaries of Rose Township. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 6,188. The total
area of Rose Township is 36.4 square miles. A small part of the unincorporated Village of
Holly is located within the Township and has two unincorporated communities: Rose Center
and Rose Corners.
The area is rural & zoned residential (72%), Ag/Recreation/Park (20%) and
Gov./Industrial/Commercial (8%). We have large agricultural buildings such as barns, feed
storage, Ag fuel/chemical storage and large indoor riding arenas with stables. Only 1% of
our area is protected by hydrants. Other occupancies are Camp Grounds
Hazards
Tornadoes and Winter Storms:
• With over 6,000 residents, tornadoes and winter storms are major concerns for the
rural community.
Emergency Access to Manufactured Homes:
• Township officials addressed concerns about emergency access to mobile homes in
the northern part of the Township.
• Instances of trains blocking entrances to the Holly Shores Manufactured Home Park
have made emergency response difficult.
Train and Railroad Hazards:
• Concerns were raised about the possibility of chemical spills or fires in remote and
environmentally sensitive areas related to trains and railroads.
Natural Gas and Crude Oil Pipelines:
• The presence of a 36" and 18" natural gas pipeline, a crude oil pipeline, and a
pumping station pose potential hazards to the Township.
High-Voltage Tension Wires:
• High-voltage tension wires are identified as potential hazards in the community.
Communication Tower:
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• The communication tower is considered a potential target for disruption, posing a risk
to communications.
Aging and Inadequate Culverts:
• Aging and inadequate culverts are a major concern for residents due to their potential
to cause problems like a washout leading to a train derailment.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rose Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
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Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Tree Trimming and Replacements of obsolete electrical equipment
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Rose Township
Lead Agency/ Organization Supervisor
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Rose Township Administration
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset Protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Coordinate with utility companies to
expedite tree trimming and replacement of
obsolete electrical equipment
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Correct Problem of Trains Blocking Emergency Vehicles
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Rose Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Township Supervisor
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Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Canadian National Railroad
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway,
Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Correct the problem of trains blocking emergency
vehicles from entering and exiting Holly Shores
Mobile Home Park.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Does happen less
frequently due to discussions with train company.
2023 Update: Ongoing. Infrequent events but
when they happen all emergency vehicle access
is blocked. Happened during medical emergency
in 2023.
Seek Funding to Pave Rose Center Road
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Rose Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Rose Township, Road Commission for
Oakland County
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway,
Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Seek funding to pave Rose Center Road (the
only east/west roadway) and improve local
road/primary road intersections.
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Improve Communication/Coordinator with Adjacent Agencies
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Rose Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Township Supervisor
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog, Invasive
Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer Storms,
Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes, Wildfires,
Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure Failure,
Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well Accidents,
Public Health Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-
Political Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social Unrest),
Structural Fire, Terrorism/ Weapons of Mass Destruction,
Transportation Accidents: Air, Transportation Accidents:
Highway, Transportation Accidents: Marine, Transportation
Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan
and Project Description, if
applicable
Improve communication/coordination with adjacent
municipal police, fire and emergency response agencies,
including Genesee County, during emergency response
situations. Establish means of emergency communications
with Genesee County which does not use the OakWin Radio
System.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Ongoing. The county is exploring
the need to replace the OakWin Radio System with a system
that offers more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with the
State of Michigan). The identification and implementation of
an improved radio system would address the
aforementioned deficiencies identified in this action.
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2023 Update: Ongoing. Radio system replacement is funded
and underway. 2024 completion date projected.
Fire Protection Plan for High Fire Flow Areas
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Rose Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
North Oakland County Fire Authority
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Staff Time
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased protection in high fire flow areas
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2021
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Currently, there are a number of barns, stables,
agricultural structures, and other structures in high fire
flow areas. If a fire broke out in one of these locations,
there are no nearby water supplies, and an extensive
amount of water would be needed to fight the fire. This
mitigation action seeks to identify the best way(s) to
protect these structures and fight potential fires in the
area.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing. Underway and ongoing. Dry
hydrant with turbodraft installed and Davisburg Road and
500 GPM well in Hills of Davisburg. Other in the works.
Completed Mitigation Actions
Install tornado sirens in the Township.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Rose Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
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Actual Completion Date Complete, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Advocate for a central accountability system for all emergencies including hazmat
accidents.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Rose Township
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) Improve and support public and private organizational
response capabilities.
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2014 - Accountability system put in place
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Advocate for a central accountability system for all
emergencies including hazmat accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed in 2014
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49. City of Royal Oak
Community Profile and Description
Royal Oak was incorporated as a village, in 1891, and as a city in 1921. The popular 1990's
sitcom Home Improvement was set in Royal Oak. As of the 2022 U.S. Census Bureau 2022
Population estimate is 57,495. The total area of the City of Royal Oak is 11.79 square miles.
Royal Oak is home to the Woodward Dream Cruise, Arts, Beats & Eats Festival, and
approximately 30 other special events throughout the year. - Royal Oak is bordered by
Interstate 75, Interstate 696 and M-1 (Woodward Avenue)
Royal Oak plans to fully participate and integrate with the ongoing Oakland County HMP and
unlike 2017, will not have our own stand-alone plan outside the Oakland County umbrella.
Hazards
Gas Leak or Explosion at Industrial Facility:
• Concerns exist regarding insufficient personnel and emergency equipment to handle a
hazmat incident at a local industrial facility.
Need for Additional Emergency Shelters:
• City officials addressed the need for more emergency shelters to enhance
preparedness and response capabilities.
High Wind Events and Power Outages:
• Large, mature trees in residential and commercial areas and above-ground electricity
infrastructure make the city susceptible to wind-related power outages.
Terrorism/Active Assailant Incidents:
• Special events and high pedestrian flow in downtown Royal Oak make it a potential
target for terrorism or active assailant incidents.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Proximity to highways and railroads carrying hazardous materials increases the
potential for HAZMAT incidents like train derailments or chemical spills.
Major Transportation Incidents:
• The city's location at the crossroads of major highways and railroads poses risks of
major transportation incidents, including vehicular accidents and train-related
emergencies.
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Socio-Political Hazards:
• The city's progressive nature and frequent targeted protests on various political and
social topics pose socio-political hazards.
Weapons of Mass Destruction:
• The popularity, special events, and easily-accessible transportation routes in Royal
Oak make it a potential target for weapons of mass destruction incidents.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Purchase of mobile vehicular barriers to secure the perimeter of large scale events
in the city.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Royal Oak Police Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Royal Oak Department of Public Service
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$80,000-$125,000
Potential Funding Source FEMA via Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI), operation
Stone Garden
Benefits (Loss Avoided) These mobile vehicle barriers would protect against
vehicular attacks or accidents through vulnerable points in
an event perimeter.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2025
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
High
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each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Terrorism/ Weapons of
Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
The purpose of the mobile vehicle barriers would be to
place them on roadways and other positions along the
perimeter of an event that may be vulnerable to vehicular
attack. The City of Royal Oak is home to a significant
number of special events which require closure of
roadways and parking lots immediately accessible to key
roadways. Mobile vehicle barriers would provide a visible
deterrent to anyone considering the use of a vehicle to
effect a terrorist attack and likewise, protect citizens in the
event of a vehicular attack.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Conduct a Study for Storm Water Overflow
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Department of Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations WRC - Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Unknown
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Flood Damaged Properties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Conduct a study to determine feasibility and
efficacy of constructing a network of storm water
overflow basins using undeveloped vacant city
property (park land, etc.)
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Improve warming shelters and cooling shelters
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Public Safety Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source BRIC/HMGP
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Benefits (Loss Avoided) provide warming/cooling shelters during these events
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update
process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms, Extreme Heat, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Improve warming shelters and cooling shelters with
backup generators or additional alternative power
sources to improve resilience to power outages from
extreme heat or cold to improve our services to our
vulnerable population
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
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County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Purchase of AreaRae Rapid Deployment Kit and Remote Host for air and
radiological monitoring during large scale events in the city.
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Royal Oak Fire Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$95,000-$120,000
Potential Funding Source Grant Funding
Benefits (Loss Avoided) These monitors will protect against any airborne or
radiological threat at events.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short-term 2025
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Structural
Fire, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Rail, Terrorism/ Weapons of Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
The AreaRaes are air and radiological monitors that can
be deployed at key locations during any special event in
the city. They can be monitored in a central location up to
2 miles away. The City of Royal Oak is home to a
significant number of special events which attract
thousands of people. They would be placed it key
locations where large groups gather and other key
strategic locations to give real time results of air quality
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and background radiation levels. In the event of a
hazardous materials release or terrorist attack, they can
be used to determine safe evacuation routes and assist in
plume modeling with their integrated weather stations
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation actin for 2023
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Burying Utilities Ordinance
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations DET
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Construction Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced utility damage from hazards,
continued utility service to residents
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (2019)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure, Severe Summer Storms,
Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Establish local ordinance regarding burying of
utilities in new development, such as when
developer knocks down a house to build a new
one.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Expand Tree Planting Program
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations School District, Beaumont Zoo
Applicable Goal(s) 3, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding
to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced flooding, increased
green space
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (2021)
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Expansion of the tree-planting
program
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Permeable Pavement
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Department of Public
Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3,4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source MDEQ NPS Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (2021)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Use of permeable pavement in bike lanes
and parking areas to be implemented as
roadway is replaced.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
City Sewer Line Cleaning
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Department of Public
Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations DET
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000-$100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Cleaning of city sewer lines every 6 years to
maintain maximum flow of stormwater and
residential flow. Royal Oak is a combined
system.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Tree Trimming & Removal
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Department of
Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 - $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Explore outside sources
of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Power Failure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe
Winter Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Trimming & removal of trees as need
to reduce storm damage.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Snow & Ice Control on Streets
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Department
of Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 - $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Snow & ice control on city
streets
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
City Codes for Mitigation
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low (less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Property damages mitigated
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Change city codes for construction (new)
that require incorporating preventative
measures, built-in mitigation.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Update and Expand Infrastructure
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position GLWD/DTE/Consumers
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Explore outside sources of funding
to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Property Damages and Life Safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Update & expand infrastructure: water, sewer,
and electrical. S/E Michigan has infrastructure
that is old and operating at or beyond capacity.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Sewer Insurance Education
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Royal Oak Department of Public Services
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low ($5,000)
Potential Funding Source Community Outreach/General Fund
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased insurance coverage for private residents
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Educate the public on the sewer back-up insurance.
Many people were not covered in the 2014 flood
because they had flood insurance, but not the correct
insurance for a basement backup. Consider giving
something to new residents when they come in to turn in
assessing paperwork on a new house.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Mitigation Website & Education
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Royal Oak Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Beaumont, School District
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (Less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased awareness and education
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (2018)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Creation of hazard mitigation website and education
campaign. Include safety shorts - videos showing how
people can mitigate at home or explaining hazards.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Provide information to property owners in flood-prone areas and the need for NFIP
coverage
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations DET
Applicable Goal(s) 3, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low (Less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased awareness and education
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (2018)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
The city of Royal Oak will continue to participate in
the National Flood Insurance Program and
develop actions that will reduce the damage to
property due to flash flooding.
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Utility Awareness Reporting
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
All utility/DTE/Consumers Power
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (Less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety and Awareness
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter
Storms
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Increase public awareness & reporting. Encourage
utility companies to have proactive maintenance
programs, including inspection, preventative
maintenance and report, including aggressive tree
inspection and trimming.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Generators in Senior Centers and Assisted Living Facilities
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Royal Oak
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Assisted Living Centers/Nursing Homes
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Grants (PDM and HMGP)
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety and Compliance
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Ensure all senior centers and assisted living facilities have
an operating generator, perhaps with an ordinance
requiring they report to the city.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Generators for all City Buildings
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Royal Oak Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1,5,6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Grant (PDM and HMGP)
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Maintain public services during disaster
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (2019)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
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Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Backup generators for all city buildings (including City Hall
and Court).
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Rain Garden Installations
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Department
of Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High ($180,000)
Potential Funding Source Michigan DEQ NPS Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced basement flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Installation of rain gardens
throughout the city.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Backflow Prevention Valves
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Department of Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations DET
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 - $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Sewer/water fund, grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Basement and property damage reduced
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Backflow prevention valves installed leading into
basement - buy-in programs similar to tree planting.
Resident pays for installation. We buy in bulk at
beginning of year and sell at discounts.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Stormwater Requirements for Developers
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low (Less than $10,000)
Potential Funding Source MDEQ NPS Grants, Water Conservation
Grants, MDNR
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced urban flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (2019)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Require developers to mitigation stormwater
run-off on-site or pay into larger projects in
other parts of the city (i.e., parks, pavement).
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Stormwater Master Plan
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Department of
Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 2,3,5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High ($100,000)
Potential Funding Source MDEQ NPS Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Basement damages, road flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Development of a Stormwater Master
Plan as per Stormwater Task Force
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Stormwater Storage/Management Systems
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Royal Oak Community Development
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations County Water Resources Commission
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (More than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Grants, Sewer rates
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Basement flooding, claims reduced
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium/High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium/High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Construct stormwater storage or management
systems to reduce the impacts of flooding
(urban) by increasing the (sewer) system
flexibility/capacity.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Backup Generators and All School Buildings
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Royal Oak School District
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
State Department of Education
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High ($500,000)
Potential Funding Source Grants (PDM and HMGP)
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Loss of instructional time, damage to facilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Installation of back-up generators at all school buildings.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide additional manpower for large scale celebrations/crowds downtown.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Socio-Political Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social Unrest)
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2012 Update: Ongoing - In 2012, a public safety millage
was passed setting the staffing level of the Royal Oak
Police Department at 79 sworn officers, a maximum
staffing level which remains in effect in 2023. ROPD
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continues to work with our local, county and state law
enforcement partners for mutual aid as needed for large-
scale events and celebrations.
2023 Update: Completed
Provide the necessary training and equipment needed to address hazmat
emergencies.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed
Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed - Ongoing monthly
training. Coordinated efforts and equipment
through mutual aid and Oakway County
Consortium.
Seek Funding for Communication Boosters
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
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Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Cold, Extreme Heat, Fog,
Hail, High Winds/Severe Winds, Ice and/or Sleet Storms,
Riverine Flooding, Shoreline Flooding & Erosion
Subsidence, Thunderstorms (Lightning), Tornadoes, Urban
Flooding, Wildfire, Winter Storm and Blizzards, Criminal
Acts: Arson, Criminal Acts: Mass Shootings/Active
Assailant, Criminal Acts: Vandalism, Dam Failure, Gas/Oil
Shortages or Supply Disruption, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Infrastructure Failure:
Communication System Failure, Incident Infrastructure
Failure: Electrical System Failure, Incident Infrastructure
Failure: Sewer System Failure, Incident Infrastructure
Failure: Storm Water System Failure Incident, Infrastructure
Failure: Transportation (Bridges, Roads, Overpasses),
Infrastructure System Failure Incident, Infrastructure
Failure: Water System Failure Incident, Invasive Species,
Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Accidents,
Scrap Tire Fire, Structural Fire, Transportation Accidents:
Air ,Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail, Civil
Disturbances, Terrorism and Sabotage, Weapons of Mass
Destruction, Pandemic/Epidemic
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Seek funding for communication Ongoing monthly
training. Coordinated efforts and equipment through
mutual aide and Oakway County Consortium. boosters for
the OakWin Radio System to address dead zones in the
network.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Complete - Oakland County is currently in
the midst of moving to a new radio system and the OakWin
Radio System will no longer be used as of Fall 2023. All law
enforcement agencies will be on the new system. Royal
Oak is scheduled to transition to the new system in
September, 2023.
Increase green space throughout the city
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position City of Royal Oak
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Potential Funding Source Local funds and
grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Flooding Impact
Reduced
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) Ongoing
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Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update:
Initiated/New
2023 Update:
Complete
Generator for Department of Public Services
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position City of Royal Oak: Department of Public
Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source Grants (PDM and HMGP)
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of Operations
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Backup power for the Department of Public
Services to maintain operational response
during extended power outages.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Initiated/New
2023 Update: Completed - Generator
Obtained
GPS Tracking for Snow Plows & Salting
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position City of Royal Oak
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Potential Funding Source Local Funds and Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Stuck cars, personal property damage, injury
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term
Actual Completion Date
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Install real-time GPS tracking for snow plows
and salting. Can give up-to-date information to
residents to help them make smarter travel
decisions.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Initiated/New
2023 Update: Completed - GPS Trackers and
continue map updating in effect
Emergency Alert Promotion
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
City of Royal Oak
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
School District, Beaumont Zoo
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low ($10,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increased residential awareness during emergencies
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (2019)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Emergency alert (email & messenger) promotion
campaign. It is set up, but it is not widely signed up for.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated/New
2023 Update: Complete
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Hardening for High Profile and Vulnerable Events
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position City of Royal Oak
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Potential Funding Source Local Funds and Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Active
Shooter/Active Assailant
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Target hardening for high profile and
vulnerable special events (mobile barriers,
retractable barriers, etc.)
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Initiated/New
2023 Update: Completed
Dangerous Animal Escape Plan
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Detroit Zoological Society
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Potential Funding Source Local funds and Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety for people and animals
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Public safety/animal escape (dangerous): How to
handle and protect the public in the event of a
dangerous animal escape, how to notify the public,
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barricade/quarantine areas to minimize injury/death, if
need - how to dispatch or tranquilize the animal.
Look into drainage system in some exhibits to reduce
flooding to help prevent animal escape.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated/New
2023 Update: Completed - Plan created and
adapted. Ongoing coordination with Royal Oak PD
Stormwater Web site & Education
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
City of Royal Oak
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Clinton River Watershed Council
Applicable Goal(s) 2, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($20,000)
Potential Funding Source MDEQ NPS Grant
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Basement Flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Create stormwater specific webpage with information on
installing residential rain gardens, directing downspouts,
and installing rain barrels. Rain gardens/rain barrel
education programs.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated/New
2023 Update: Completed
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Compile a list of contractors with heavy equipment able to provide immediate
assistance in emergency situations, particularly tornadoes and train derailments.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms,
Tornadoes, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Completed - List compiled and
completed through Oakland County. Royal Oak
has access to that list.
Flood Drainage Improvement at School Buildings
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Royal Oak Schools
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations State Department of Education
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (More than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Grants (PDM and HMGP)
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Local High School
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Winds, Thunderstorm and
Lightning, Tornado, Winter
Storm/Blizzard/Ice Storm
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Flooding (Urban/Flash)
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Completed
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Removed Mitigation Actions
Bulletproof Doors
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Royal Oak
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Royal Oak School District
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations State of Michigan Department of
Education
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High ($800,000)
Potential Funding Source Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Loss of life
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Socio-
Political Hazards (Civil Disturbance,
Social Unrest)
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
Active shooter: installation of
bullet/entry proof doors at all entrances
of each school.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: This project is no longer
applicable and should be removed
Purchase a new trailer with a special affects video system to expand the
community education program about tornadoes and other hazards.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s)
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Actual Completion Date
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
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for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Action Removed - As a city employee since
2001, I have never seen or been aware of a city-owned
"Trailer with Special Effects Video System" and believe this
to be an erroneous entry. The trailer does not exist at this
time nor do I ever recall a time it did exist.
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50. Royal Oak Township
Community Profile and Description
Royal Oak Township is a suburb of Detroit. Royal Oak Township was established in 1833 as a
regular, 36-square-mile civil township, and at one time consisted of all or parts of the
following modern cities and villages of Hazel Park, Ferndale, Oak Park, Madison Heights,
Pleasant Ridge, Huntington Woods, Royal Oak, Berkley, and Clawson. The township began to
shrink beginning in 1921 with the incorporation of the cities above. To provide greater
protection from easy annexation, the township incorporated as a charter township in 1972.
The population according to the U.S. Census for 2020 is 2,374. The total area of Royal Oak
Township is 0.55 square miles.
Hazards
Structural Fires and Tornadic Events:
• Many structures in the community, particularly older wood houses east of Wyoming
to Mitchelldale, and the senior citizen high rise at Wyoming and Eight Mile Road, are
especially vulnerable to fires and tornadoes.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• The Township faces potential risks from accidents involving trucks carrying hazardous
materials.
Flooding Incidents:
• During periods of heavy rain, the Co-Op area tends to flood, posing a risk to residents
and properties in that region.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Royal Oak Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Continue Contracting with Ferndale Fire Department
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Royal Oak Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Royal Oak Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Maintain response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue contracting with Ferndale Fire
Department to handle all fires and hazmat
emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Continue Mutual Aid Agreement
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Royal Oak Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Royal Oak Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance regional capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue mutual aid agreement with
Michigan State Police to handle traffic
accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing. Oakland County
is no longer on the contract.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Truck Route
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Royal Oak Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Oakland County Road Commission
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Royal Oak Township
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Large trucks (some of which may be carrying
hazardous materials) will be restricted only to
Wyoming, making the rest of the Township’s
roads safer for drivers.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
December, 2017
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Road signs will be erected indicating that large
trucks may only drive on Wyoming Road. This will
protect drivers in Township from trucks driving on
other, smaller roads.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Improve mutual assistance from surrounding communities in fighting building
fires.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Royal Oak Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
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Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Improve mutual assistance from
surrounding communities in fighting
building fires.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Complete
Provide Funding for Equipment to Respond to Hazmat Emergencies
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Royal Oak Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) Improve and support public and
private organizational response
capabilities.
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway,
Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Complete
Purchase an ambulance for the community.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Royal Oak Township
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
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Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown. The Township no longer wants to
purchase an ambulance. Instead, it contracts emergency
services out.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Complete
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51. City of South Lyon
Community Profile and Description
The City of South Lyon is located in Metro Detroit. South Lyon was founded in 1832 and was
called Thompson's Corners. South Lyon was incorporated as a village in 1873 and as a city in
1930. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 11,746. The total area of the City of
South Lyon is 3.73 square miles.
Hazards
Tornadoes:
• Residents of the mobile home park in the midtown area and those in assisted living
and nursing home facilities on Reynoldsweet Street are highly vulnerable to
tornadoes.
Flood-related Hazards:
• Heavy rain causes street overtopping at specific intersections, including South
Lafayette and Liberty St, and North Lafayette & Maple St during heavy rain or Spring
thaw.
• The Colonial Acres Subdivision, located south of Eleven Mile Road and west of
Lafayette Street, experiences frequent flooding due to insufficient drainage. Colonial
Acres Adult Community residents at 25015 Potomac Court are particularly vulnerable.
Other areas prone to urban/flash flooding include Lafayette (Pontiac Trail) between
Detroit Street and Reynoldsweet Parkway and Lafayette south of Heritage Blvd.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Several companies store hazardous materials at their facilities in the City. Trains
passing through the center of the City also carry hazardous materials.
Natural Gas Pipeline:
• A natural gas pipeline running through the City and a pumping station at Nine Mile
Road pose potential hazmat hazards.
Extreme Cold Events:
• The Colonial Acres senior community, with over 300 residents aged 55, is at risk
during extremely cold weather.
Active Shooter Incidents:
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• Six South Lyon Community Schools and instructional buildings are considered
vulnerable locations for potential active shooter incidents.
Infrastructure Failure Incident:
• The CSX rail line bisects the City and can block emergency responders during rail
crossing incidents.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of South Lyon
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
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Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Upgrade Generators for Police Station and City Hall
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of South Lyon
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of South Lyon
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations South Lyon Police Department
Applicable Goal(s) 3,4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of operations by ensuring essential
functions are operational
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Upgrade generators for the police station and city
hall to provide power during emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Police Department has
transfer switch and port for portable commercial
generator. Water department supplies the
generator as needed. City Hall has no generator.
2023 Update: Ongoing / Completed PD Only in
April 2022
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Continue a High Level of Preparedness to Respond to Tornado Emergency
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of South Lyon
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of South Lyon Police Department,
City of South Lyon Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue a High Level of Preparedness to
Respond to Tornado Emergency
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Generator at North Mill St Water Tower
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of South Lyon
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of South Lyon Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1,3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000); $10,000
Potential Funding Source HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Communication failure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Tornadoes, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Install generator at City of South Lyon water tower
on North Mill Street. Need to power fire
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departments communications and water
department SCADA communications.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Improve drainage to prevent future flooding in the Colonial Acres senior
community
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of South Lyon
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) Prevention and reduction of damage
to public and private property and
infrastructure.
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Improve drainage to prevent future
flooding in the Colonial Acres senior
community
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Complete
Provide the Police Department with Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of South Lyon
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) Improve and support public and private
organizational response capabilities.
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed, date unknown. Encountered funding
issues.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Oil and
Gas Well Accidents, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Provide the police department with a self-contained
breathing apparatus to be better prepared for
hazmat accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
Completed
Generator Upgrade
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of South Lyon
Lead Agency / Organization / Position South Lyon Police Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of operations by ensuring
essential functions are operational
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date April 2022 (PD)
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure: Electrical System
Failure Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Upgrade portable generator system to a
permanent built-in gas operated system in
case of power outage.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing.
2023 Update: COMPLETE
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52. City of Southfield
Community Profile and Description
The City of Southfield was organized in 1830 and incorporated in 1958. As of the 2020 U.S.
Census, the population is 76,618. The total area of the City of Southfield is 26.28 square
miles.
Hazards
Natural Hazards:
• Tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, and ice storms are identified as primary hazards of
concern.
• Power outages due to high winds and falling trees are major concerns for residents.
Flooding:
• 26 miles of rivers in Southfield pose a riverine flooding issue during heavy rains.
• Tributaries of the Rouge River, such as Tamarack Creek and the Evans Branch, are
vulnerable to flooding, resulting in erosion and tree loss.
• Urban and flash flooding is an issue in Section 24/25, and basement backups are
common.
Highway Accidents:
• Many heavily traveled roads in Southfield result in frequent highway accidents.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• The large number of trucks carrying hazardous materials on roads like I-696,
Northwestern Highway, Southfield Road, and Telegraph Road presents a potential
hazard for hazmat emergencies.
Infrastructure Failure:
• The City needs to update and maintain many roads and transportation infrastructure.
• Southfield's sewer, stormwater, and water systems have aging infrastructure that
needs replacement.
Invasive Species:
• Phragmites are invasive species clogging up stormwater infrastructure and natural
areas.
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Criminal Activities:
• Concerns about criminal activities, especially in Twelve Mile and Telegraph Roads, are
addressed by the city representatives.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Change City Vehicle Fleet to EV
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency/ Organization City of Southfield
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1,2,3,4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source Federal/State, Grants, Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Provide for a reliable vehicle during a major emergency.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Winter Storm and Blizzards, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure Failure,
Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Implementing a fleet with EV will provide a resilient and
reliable power source for critical infrastructure. Allow for
rapid deployment and accessibility during emergencies.
Enhanced coordination and connectivity in disaster
management. Long-term benefits like reduced carbon
footprint and improved air quality.
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Expand Tree Planting Program
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency/ Organization City of Southfield
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County Water Resources
Commission
Applicable Goal(s) 3, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (More than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Grants, US Forestry Service
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced Flooding, Increased
greenspace
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Winds/Severe Winds, Flood:
Riverine Flooding, Flood: Urban/Flash
Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Expand tree planting program.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority This is a new mitigation action for the
jurisdiction.
Install stream gauges along the Rouge River and its tributaries.
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency/ Organization City of Southfield
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations City of Southfield, OCWRC, USGS, Alliance
of Rouge Communities
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low , $20,000
Potential Funding Source USGS, FEMA, Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Pre-plan for flooding events
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Dam Failure, Flood: Riverine Flooding, Flood:
Urban/Flash Flooding, Infrastructure Failure,
Transportation Accidents: Highway
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Install stream gauges throughout the City to
protect the community and infrastructure
against potential flooding events.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the
jurisdiction.
Install Green Infrastructure and purchase additional greenspace for stormwater
mitigation and BMPs.
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency/ Organization City of Southfield
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations OCWRC, Alliance of Rouge Communities, Friends of
the Rouge, State/Fed agencies
Applicable Goal(s) 2,3,4,5,6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Prevent flooding, improve water quality, protect
infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Dam Failure, Invasive Species, Flood: Riverine
Flooding, Flood: Urban/Flash Flooding, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Install green infrastructure and stormwater best
management practices throughout the City to protect
against flooding, provide habitat and wildlife and
protect infrastructure. Purchase additional
greenspace for stormwater management.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Adopt a stormwater utility
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency/ Organization City of Southfield
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County Water Resources Commission
Applicable Goal(s) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source Grants, Utility Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Provide for funding for stormwater
management/infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
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Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Dam Failure, Invasive Species, Flood: Riverine
Flooding, Flood: Urban/Flash Flooding, Infrastructure
Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Adopt and Implement a stormwater utility to provide
for a funding source for stormwater management
projects and maintenance for stormwater
infrastructure long term.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Bring all City facilities and infrastructure to compliance with the American with
Disabilities Act.
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency/ Organization City of Southfield
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Federal/State
Applicable Goal(s) 1,2,3,4,6,7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source ADA Funds/State and Federal Transportation
Funds/General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Allow for all residents to access facilities in times of
need.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Transportation Accidents:
Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Update City facilities and infrastructure to meet
ADA requirements. Many City facilities were
constructed before these requirements were in
place and need to be updated.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
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Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Provide means for detaining storm water to avoid area flooding.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Southfield Department of
Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1
to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Provide means for detaining storm
water to avoid area flooding.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Provide Additional Manpower and Training for Hazmat Emergencies
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Southfield Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide additional manpower and training to
deal with potential hazmat emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
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Provide Continuing Training for Potential Hazmat Emergencies
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Southfield Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide Continuing Training for Potential
Hazmat Emergencies
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Provide Funding to Continue to Upgrade Emergency Equipment
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Southfield Fire Department, City of Southfield Police
Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide funding to continue to upgrade emergency
equipment to deal with all types of emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Reduced flooding in Combined Sewer Areas
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Southfield Department of Public
Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1,3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Property loss
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Reduce flooding and basement backups
in the combined sewer areas.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Implement Projects in the City of Southfield Storm Water Master Plan
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Southfield Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1,3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Multi Millions
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Potential Funding Source Local/State/Various, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduce flooding, protection of infrastructure and
property. Protection of local rivers, streams, fish and
wildlife habitat.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Implement projects listed in the Southfield Storm
Water Master Plan. A copy of the plan can be provided
if needed. There are many projects listed within the
plan. Specific projects will be listed as additional
mitigation measures.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Woody Debris Management
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Southfield Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Private Property Owners
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Varies
Potential Funding Source Local, Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protection of waterways, reduce erosion and flooding,
protection of property adjacent to waterways
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Severe Summer Storms, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Program to implement woody debris management along
the Rouge River. The Rouge River can become flashy and
water levels can rise rapidly during rainstorms which can
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lead to streambank erosion and tree fall along the river.
These fallen trees, while some protect habitat and the river
system, can cause erosion, flooding, impacts to property
and infrastructure. Funding for a program to mitigate the
impacts of woody debris on our river system is needed.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Streambank Erosion
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Southfield Department of Public
Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Various
Potential Funding Source Local/State, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Reducing erosion along our waterways
would prevent loss of property and potential
impact to critical infrastructure.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Flood Mitigation - detention/retention
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Southfield Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Various
Potential Funding Source Local, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced flooding, basement backups, streambank erosion
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
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Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
There are many detention basins within the city that are
critical to the City’s storm water system. These detention
systems are in place to prevent flooding and to protect our
water resources. Many of the basins within the city are
failing and/or are not being maintained. Funding is needed
to update these basins and maintain them properly. An
inspection program should be implemented, and a staff
should be hired. Funding for staff is needed.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Tamarack Basin
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Southfield Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000); $2,000,000
Potential Funding Source EPA Funding/Local/State
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced flooding and erosion to downstream properties.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure, Invasive Species
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
This basin has experienced deterioration, sediment
buildup and additional flow from 10 Mile Road and private
properties that has resulted in a lack of functionality.
Proposed basin improvements include open channel
rehabilitation, stabilization of the existing open channel
and removal of debris and sediment.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
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Storm Water Asset Management Plan
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Southfield Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Various
Potential Funding Source SAW/State Grant
Benefits (Loss Avoided) An asset management plan will allow the City
to be able to evaluate all of its storm water
assets and plan projects accordingly.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Dam Failure, Infrastructure Failure,
Invasive Species
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
A storm water asset management plan would
allow the City to manage its assets property
and according to need and priority.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Section 26 Flood Mitigation
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Southfield Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local/State, Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Reduced flooding and correction of drainage issues
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure
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Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Section 26 experiences very poor drainage and flooding
issues in the streets and into the front and rear yards.
Improvements to the storm system by way of green
infrastructure, or other storm water BMPs, would
improve drainage and reducing flooding hazards in this
area.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Invasive Species Management
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Southfield
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Southfield Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Varies
Potential Funding Source Local/State, Explore outside sources of funding to
support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Invasive species management provides for a
healthier environment and ecosystem, while also
protecting the city's built infrastructure.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Infrastructure Failure, Invasive Species
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Southfield has many areas within the city that have
issues with invasive species control. These areas
should be managed to protect our natural
resources and the city's infrastructure.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
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53. Southfield Township
Community Profile and Description
Southfield Township, originally known as Ossewa Township, came into existence on July 12,
1830. The name was changed to Southfield Township seventeen days later. As of the 2020
U.S. Census, the population is 14,886. The total area of Southfield Township is 8.1 square
miles.
Southfield Township contains the Villages of Beverly Hills, Bingham Farms, and Franklin. As
such, the only properties that the Township has direct day to day response control of
include a cemetery, a shopping plaza, 8 private homes, and some residential backyards.
With this in mind, the Township has advised that they have no plans for mitigation activities
and would prefer to rely on their Villages to cover the needs of the Township.
Southfield Township would like to add hazards that are specific to township-only areas
which are not included in the Franklin or Beverly Hills Village plans. The Township does rely
upon and have special assessments in place for emergency services provided by the villages'
police and fire departments and will receive immediate response from those department in
the event of a hazardous situation.
Hazards
Flood-related Hazards:
• Flooding and risk of slope failure along Franklin River in the northwest corner of the
township, particularly along W. 14 Mile Rd.
• Additional flooding along W. 14 Mile Rd. due to insufficient/appropriate drains and
culverts.
Active Shooter Incidents:
• Concerns about the Township office being a soft target for this hazard.
Cybersecurity Incidents:
• Concerns about the Township office being a soft target for cybersecurity incidents.
• Southfield Township works with CISA and has a response plan with an IT Vendor.
Infrastructure Failure Incidents:
• Flooding and risk of slope failure along Franklin River in the northwest corner of the
township, potentially impacting a large water and natural gas main.
o The water and natural gas main could also influence the flood slope and vice
versa if a flooding incident occurs.
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Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
Note: All decisions regarding hazards and mitigation for Southfield Township will be made
by Township officials in consultation with and conjunction with the Villages, which provide
emergency services.
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Southfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
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County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
The jurisdiction did not have previous mitigation actions.
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
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54. Springfield Township
Community Profile and Description
Springfield Township was established on March 2, 1836 by the Legislature of the State of
Michigan. Springfield Township has had a long-standing commitment to Zoning and Planning
dating back to the early 1950’s. The primary basis for the Township’s Planning, Zoning and
Land Use decisions for at least the last 20 years has been the protection and preservation of
our abundant and very special natural resources. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population
is 14,703. The total area of Springfield Township is 36.7 square miles.
Hazards
Dam Failure:
• Springfield Township is actively removing the Mill Pond Dam to address the risk of
flooding and dam failure. Removing the dam will mitigate potential hazards associated
with its failure and reduce flood risks.
Wildfire:
• The Township's natural parks and wooded areas pose a risk of wildfire incidents.
• Implementing wildfire prevention measures, such as vegetation management,
creating firebreaks, and conducting public education on fire safety, can help reduce
the risk and impact of wildfires in these areas.
Infrastructure Failure Incidents:
• Springfield Township has several roadways needing repair due to infrastructure
failure.
• Prioritizing infrastructure maintenance and investing in necessary repairs will help
prevent accidents and hazards related to failing roads, ensuring safer transportation
for residents.
Major Transportation Incidents:
• Springfield Township covers a section of I-75 considered one of Michigan's most
dangerous stretches.
• To improve transportation safety and reduce the risk of major incidents on this
highway, the Township should focus on measures such as enhanced signage, traffic
management strategies, and public awareness campaigns.
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Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Improve traffic and access routes at Springfield Oaks Park
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Springfield TWP and Oak City Parks
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Parks
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Springfield TWP
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Unknown
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) speed of execution for emergency access and egress
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Extreme Heat, Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes,
Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Infrastructure Failure,
Public Health Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-
Political Hazards (Civil Disturbance, Social Unrest),
Structural Fire, Terrorism/Weapons of Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Improve traffic and access routes at Springfield Oaks
Park due to high traffic and access limitations
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Adding Large Capacity Wells for Fire Protection
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Springfield TWP
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Fire Department
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Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Springfield TWP
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $45,000 per well
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Millions of dollars loss saved and protect
wildfires
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Within 4 months of award
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Extreme Heat, Severe Summer
Storms, Tornadoes, Wildfires,
Infrastructure Failure, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Adding Large Capacity Wells for Fire
Protection because there is no water
infrastructure
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Springfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
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Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Continue to Provide Training for Hazmat Situations
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Springfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Springfield Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance Training and response Capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Transportation Accidents: Highway,
Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue to Provide Training for Hazmat
Situations
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing.
2023 Update: Ongoing
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Pipeline Infrastructure Monitoring
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Springfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Springfield Township, Pipeline Companies
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Staff Time
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance Training and response Capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Oil and Gas Well Accidents
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Springfield Township monitors the pipelines that travel
beneath its jurisdiction. The Township works in
conjunction with the companies that own and maintain
the pipelines to ensure all infrastructure is operating
safely and aged infrastructure is replaced when
needed.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Install Additional Tornado Sirens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Springfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Low
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or Ongoing) N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date
unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted for each
mitigation action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer
Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
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Provide an emergency response system, bus transportation and an evacuation
plan for school children in case of a railroad hazmat spill.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Springfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown. Have worked with bus
garages to develop site specific plans with hazmat
issues. Have Holly & Clarkston School Districts that
have agreed to assist. Also a few churches that have
buses and drivers who have agreed to assist. Still
keeping up to date.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident,
Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Provide an emergency response system, bus
transportation and an evacuation plan for school
children in case of a railroad hazmat spill.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Provide Funding to Transport Individuals Involved in Multi-Vehicle Accidents
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Springfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown. Have 2
Bravo units licensed to transport.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High) Low
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
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55. City of Sylvan Lake
Community Profile and Description
The City of Sylvan Lake was incorporated as a village in 1921 and as a City in 1947. The lake
and tree lined streets in the City of Sylvan Lake enchants homeowners with a peaceful
setting and small town charm. The area gives residents the best of both worlds offering
safety and quality of life. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 1,723. The total area
of the City of Sylvan Lake is 0.83 square miles, with 0.32 square miles being water.
Hazards
Blizzards, Heavy Snow, or Ice Storms/Sleet:
• Sylvan Lake's limited sidewalks pose a risk to non-motorized transportation during
heavy snow and ice storms. Improving pedestrian infrastructure and snow removal
efforts can mitigate these hazards.
High Wind Events:
• Residential areas with large, mature trees are vulnerable to damage during high wind
events. Tree maintenance and removal of hazardous trees can reduce the risk of
property damage and accidents.
Flooding:
• Flooding is a recurring problem in Sylvan Lake, particularly on Avondale and Garland
Streets. Implementing better stormwater management and drainage systems can help
alleviate the impacts of flooding.
Sanitary Sewer Backups:
• The sanitary sewers on Cheltingham and Avondale Streets have a history of backing
up after heavy rains. Ensuring proper maintenance and upgrades to the sewer system
can prevent backups and reduce the risk of property damage and health hazards.
OakWin Radio System Deficiencies:
• Sylvan Lake must address deficiencies in the OakWin Radio System to improve
communication during fire emergencies. Using portable repeaters can enhance
communication capabilities.
Water Rescue Preparedness:
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• The City should address deficiencies concerning water rescues on the lakes within
Sylvan Lake. Enhancing water rescue capabilities and providing adequate training to
emergency responders can improve preparedness for water-related emergencies.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Sylvan Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
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County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Address Deficiencies in Water Rescue Capabilities
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Sylvan Lake
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Sylvan Lake Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response
capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Marine
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Address deficiencies in water
rescue capabilities on area lakes.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Bury Power Lines
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Sylvan Lake
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Utility Companies
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Utility Construction Budget
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Benefits (Loss Avoided) Ongoing utility service
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
This is already being done for
many construction projects.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Address sewer back-ups on Cheltingham, Garland and Avondale Streets.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Sylvan Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the update
process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Address sewer back-ups on
Cheltingham, Garland and
Avondale Streets.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Provide engineering assistance necessary to control the flooding in the area of
Avondale and Garland Streets.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Sylvan Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
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Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Provide engineering assistance
necessary to control the flooding in the
area of Avondale and Garland Streets.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Removed Mitigation Actions
Provide Funding for Portable Repeaters to Address Deficiencies in OakWin Radio
System
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Sylvan Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
City of Sylvan Lake
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. The county is exploring the need to
replace the OakWin Radio System with a system that offers
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more interoperability, capacity, and improved
communications with outside agencies (specifically with
the State of Michigan). The identification and
implementation of an improved radio system would
address the aforementioned deficiencies identified in this
action.
2023 Update: Removed
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56. City of Troy
Community Profile and Description
The earliest recorded purchases of land in what was known as Troy Township occurred in
1819. Troy Township was established in 1827. In 1955, Troy was officially incorporated
primarily as a strategy for preventing border cities from taking more land. The City of Troy is
the 11th largest city in Michigan by population. In 2011, Troy was ranked the safest city in
Michigan.
The City of Troy is located in the southeast potion of Oakland County, Michigan and is
surrounded by Bloomfield Township, Birmingham, Clawson, Madison Heights, Sterling
Heights, and Rochester Hills. The City has a land mass of 33.47 square miles.
According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the City of Troy has a population of 87,294 residents.
From 2011-2015, approximately 5.1% of the population was identified as individuals under
age 65 years old with functional needs. Many of these individuals reside in congregate care
centers, but others reside in non-group homes where help is provided as needed or on-call.
Geographic features include Rouge River, Clinton River, Lake Charnwood, Walker Lake,
Pebble Lake, Lake Andale, Emerald Lake, Crystal Lake, Sandshore Lake, Troy Lake, Sylvan
Lake, River Rouge, Sprague Ditch/Branch, Sturgis Ditch, Lane Ditch, Gibson Drain, and
Spencer Drain.
Hazards
Flooding and Storm Hazards:
• The City experiences major flooding, causing urban flooding and sewer backups.
• Strong storms and high winds periodically damage buildings, trees, and power lines.
• Winter hazards lead to accidents each year.
High-Risk Areas and Industries:
• Hazard and threat analysis identified high-risk areas near chemical facilities,
commercial facilities, hospitals, transportation systems, etc.
• The major industries in Troy, such as Automotive, Advanced Manufacturing, Financial
Services, Health Care, IT, and Communications, raise concerns about potential
manmade and natural disasters.
SARA Title III, Tier II Sites:
• 59 sites report hazardous substances, with 23 containing extremely hazardous
substances.
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• Off-site emergency response plans are in place to address the specific hazardous
substances on these sites.
Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CIKR) Sites:
• The City has several unique areas and CIKR sites that may require extra attention and
planning during emergencies.
• These sites include highways, transit centers, gas pipelines, schools, commercial
facilities, water systems, and healthcare facilities.
Special Events:
• Specific events like Troy Family Daze Festival and holiday celebrations at malls may
pose high-risk situations.
Identified Hazards and Incidents:
• Hazmat incidents, particularly spills on I-75 during rush hour or construction, are a
concern.
• Active shooter incidents, terrorism, civil disturbances, and mall mass shootings are
potential hazards.
• Tornadoes and structural fires are primary concerns for the City of Troy.
• Multi-vehicle traffic accidents and hazardous material releases occur frequently on
heavily traveled roads like Crooks Road and I-75, especially during snow and ice
storms.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Troy
Lead Agency/ Organization Emergency Manager, Lt. Hall
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Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Continue Educational Programs Regarding Tornadoes, High Rise Building Fires
and Other Hazards
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Troy
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Emergency Manager/Lt. Hall
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
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Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increasing awareness, education and
preparedness of public, business, non-
profit, government, etc. about hazards
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes,
Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue Educational Programs Regarding
Tornadoes, High Rise Building Fires and
Other Hazards
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Ongoing
Seek Funding for Citizens Emergency Notification System
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Troy
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Emergency Manager/Lt. Hall
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
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Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Seek funding for a citizen’s emergency notification system
(i.e., reverse 9-1-1) to notify residents by phone, text or e-
mail of emergency (e.g., hazmat accidents, traffic
accidents, hazardous material accidents or natural disaster.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
City has a notification system now. They use CodeRed. The
action is to get residents to sign up.
Tree Trimming and Management
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Troy
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
DTE
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low (Under $10,000); $5,000
Potential Funding Source Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Regular maintenance and upkeep of utilities can help
prevent wind damage.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Establish standards for all utilities regarding tree pruning
around lines and incorporating inspection and
management of hazardous trees into the drainage system.
To protect power lines and infrastructure, the City of Troy
will implement regular maintenance and upkeep of utilities
from wind damage. Establishing standards for all utilities
regarding tree pruning around lines and incorporating
inspection and management of hazardous trees into the
drainage system. This policy can be implemented within
1-2 years.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing: The city has added urban forestry positions to
address this concern.
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Property Owner Flood Mitigation Education
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Troy
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Residents and Businesses
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Prevent reverse-flow flood damages
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Educate property owners regarding options for
mitigating their properties from flooding through
outreach activities.
Educate property owners regarding options for
mitigating their properties from flooding through
outreach activities by encouraging homeowners and
businesses to install backflow valves to prevent reverse-
flow flood damages, and asking residents to help keep
storm drains clear of debris during storms.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Visit a command center in another community with experience in disaster
response to learn how problems were handled.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Troy
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
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Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Visit a command center in another community with
experience in disaster response to learn how problems
were handled.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Seek funding to provide additional training and equipment for officers to actively
and aggressively intervene in mass shooting situations.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Troy
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) Completed
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2015
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Active Shooter/Active Assailant
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Seek funding to provide additional training
and equipment for officers to actively and
aggressively intervene in mass shooting
situations.
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2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed in 2015
Removed Mitigation Actions
Study the feasibility of implementing an emergency warning system that could
provide different tones for different types of emergencies.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Troy
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Removed. The City has determined that this mitigation
strategy is not feasible given the constraints on the use of
existing outdoor warning sirens, therefore, the City will not
pursue this strategy.
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Study the feasibility of implementing an emergency
warning system that could provide different tones for
different types of emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Removed. The City has determined that this mitigation
strategy is not feasible given the constraints on the use of
existing outdoor warning sirens, therefore, the City will not
pursue this strategy.
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57. City of Walled Lake
Community Profile and Description
Walled Lake was a village inhabited by Ojibwa and Potowatamie people until 1830. As of the
2020 U.S. Census, the population is 7,250. The total area of the City of Walled Lake is 2.37
square miles. Resting spots along the Underground Railroad, where runaway slaves could
sleep and eat, were called "depots". One of these was the Foster Farmhouse (built in 1833)
in Walled Lake, which served as a refuge for those making their way to freedom in Canada.
The Foster Farmhouse was located on Pontiac Trail near 15 mile road until 1997, when it
was moved to Riley Park in downtown Walled Lake to avoid demolition.
Hazards
Tornadoes and Ice Storms:
• Tornadoes and ice storms are identified as primary hazards of concern.
• Fawn Lake Mobile Home Park and Walled Lake Villa Senior Complex are most
vulnerable to tornado impacts.
• Tornados can cause physical damage to infrastructure, such as buildings and power
lines, and they can also cause flooding, which can damage roads and other
infrastructure.
• Tornadoes can cause injury/death.
• The City has a mobile home park.
High Winds:
• High winds can damage buildings, structures, and other infrastructure in the city. It
can result in roof damage and even collapse of structures.
• The City has a mobile home park and it is highly vulnerable to high wind damage.
Additionally, strong winds can disrupt power lines and cause widespread power
outages.
• It will take time to restore power and cause not only inconvenience but also potential
safety risks.
• The city has a large elderly population, and an extended power failure would lead to
many safety concerns for them. High winds can damage trees and debris.
• High winds can uproot tress or large branches and debris to fall. This can damage
buildings, vehicles, and obstruct roads, posing risks to public safety. Additionally,
fallen trees can damage power lines, exacerbating the power outage situation.
• These incidents also highly take a toll on emergency services, as storm events cause
added response incidents and will severely tax emergency services. Communication
disruptions can also occur.
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• Systems like phone lines, cellular networks, and internet connectivity. This may hinder
emergency response efforts and impede communication between residents,
businesses, and local authorities.
• Transportation disruptions:
o High winds can make driving hazardous, especially for high-profile vehicles. It
can lead to reduced visibility, difficulty in maintaining control, and potential
accidents. In extreme cases, road closures may be required until it is safe to
travel, impacting transportation within the municipality.
Floods:
• Floodwaters can damage roads, bridges, buildings, and other critical infrastructure
within a municipality. The force of the water can erode soil, undermine foundations,
and weaken structures, leading to potential collapse or long-term damage.
• The City of Waled Lake has multiple flood sources from lakes and ponds in our
jurisdiction as well as the Greenway Drain a Rouge River tributary. The drain runs
Parallel to the City Municipal complex with includes City offices, Fire Dept., Police
Dept. offices.
• The flooding of the drain would impair City services greatly. This could lead to a
disruption of essential services.
• The Tri-A Neighborhood, which was built before the City was established is a flooding
potential hazard. This neighborhood is also affected by the Greenway drain system.
• Flooding can disrupt essential services such as water supply, sewage systems, and
power grids. Sewage could back up, causing health hazards.
• Power outages can occur, affecting communications networks, traffic lights, and
emergency res response systems.
• Flooding can also cause public health risks:
o Floodwaters can carry contaminants, pollutants, and disease-causing agents,
posing health risks to the population.
o Increased risk of waterborne diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, can
occur. Standing water can become breeding grounds for mosquitoes and other
disease vectors.
Structural Fires:
• Several interconnected and old downtown buildings pose a risk of structural fires.
• A fire in this area could impact the entire downtown region.
Traffic Accidents:
• West Maple and Pontiac Trail are the main routes through the City, with a history of
traffic accidents, including severe injuries.
HAZMAT Incidents:
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• A local industrial facility presents a risk of hazardous material incidents.
• Trucks carrying hazardous materials on West Maple and Pontiac Trail may lead to
hazmat incidents.
Infrastructure Failure:
• A natural gas pipeline is a major concern for public safety.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Flood Mitigation
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Walled Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Water Resource Commission
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $249,363.15
Potential Funding Source Downtown Development Authority
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Flood Abatement
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
2023
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Replacement of storm sewer system
with pre-treatment, removal and
replacement or
relocation of surrounding pavement,
curb and gutter, sidewalk, and a
dumpster enclosure
in an area surrounding Mercer Beach
in the City of Walled Lake.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
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Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Walled Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Continue Training in Response to Tornadoes, Fires, Hazmat Accidents, Etc.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Walled Lake
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
City of Walled Lake Fire Department, City of Walled Lake
Police Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Continue training in response to tornadoes, fires, hazmat
accidents and other emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Provide Funding to Upgrade Generators
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Walled Lake
Lead Agency / Organization / Position City of Walled Lake Fire Department,
City of Walled Lake Police Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC,
HMGP
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Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continuity of operations by ensuring
essential functions are operational
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term,
or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description,
if applicable
Provide funding to upgrade the
generators at the police station and
the fire hall.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing
Hazard Training
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Walled Lake
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Walled Lake Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Walled Lake Police Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000); $50,000
Potential Funding Source General Fund, donations, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Provide increased training for emergency responders in
the area of fire, hazmat, natural disaster response, to
better protect the community.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2022
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident, Structural Fire, Transportation
Accidents: Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Continue training in response to tornadoes, fire, hazmat
incidents and other emergencies.
Identify community fire hazard and overall community
vulnerability. Promote fire prevention education outreach
programs that target schools, citizens, businesses and
senior living centers. Provide free smoke alarms for
residents. Increase funding for additional hazmat training
for emergency responders. Conduct outreach activities to
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increase awareness of tornado risk. Educate citizen.
Conduct tornado drills in schools and public buildings.
Teach school children about the dangers of tornadoes and
how to take safety precautions. Identify local tornado
shelters. Distribute tornado shelter location information to
the public. Support severe weather awareness week.
Promote use of NOAA weather radios.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Upgrade the current emergency radio system to provide better communication
between police and fire departments and with neighboring communities.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Walled Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Upgrade the current emergency radio system to provide
better communication between police and fire departments
and with neighboring communities.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
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Provide funding to purchase an ambulance to transport accident victims to area
hospitals.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Walled Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Low
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Provide funding to purchase an ambulance to transport
accident victims to area hospitals.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
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58. Waterford Township
Community Profile and Description
Waterford Township was organized in 1834. The township was named Waterford because
of the vast number of lakes covering the township. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the
population is 70,565. The total area of Waterford Township is 35.3 square miles and 11.22
percent of the Township is water. Waterford Township has five unincorporated
communities: Clintonville, Drayton Plains, Elizabeth Lake, Four Towns, and Waterford
Village.
Hazards
Flooding:
• The Township is home to 34 lakes covering 2,923 acres and the Clinton River, leading
to area flooding.
• The eastern side of Scott Lake has experienced property damage due to flooding.
Dam Failure:
• Six dams in the township could impact the safety of humans and wildlife upon failure.
Aviation Accidents:
• A plane crash at The Oakland County International Airport is a potential hazard for the
Township.
Structural Fires:
• Vacant buildings pose a particular concern, as there may be a delay in contacting
emergency services.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• Thirteen water treatment plants are at risk of hazmat incidents.
• A 36-inch crude oil pipeline on the west side of William Lake Road represents a
potential hazmat incident affecting surrounding lakes and rivers.
• The risk of hazardous material accidents on heavily traveled roads like M-59 or at
industrial facilities that use or store hazardous materials is a significant concern.
Infrastructure Failure:
• Eighteen groundwater wells that feed water treatment plants could be a potential
hazard.
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• The Township has nearly 6 miles of rail lines, including 6 highway crossings, which
could be vulnerable to infrastructure failure incidents.
Terrorism Incidents:
• Thirteen water treatment plants could be potential targets for terrorist attacks.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Shelter Hardening Facility
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford TWP
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Parks Rec / Building
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source Local funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Prevent loss of life
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, High Hazard Dams, Extreme Heat,
Flooding, Severe Summer Storms, Severe Winter Storms,
Subsidence, Tornadoes, Cybersecurity, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Infrastructure Failure, Public
Health Emergencies: Pandemic/Epidemic, Structural Fire,
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Transportation Accidents: Air, Transportation Accidents:
Highway, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Shelter Hardening Facility, Waterford TPW Rec Center
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
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underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Address Flooding Concerns Adjacent to Lakes and Rivers
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Waterford Township Department
of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from
flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
This is a continuous on-going
evaluation.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
Address Flooding Concerns
Adjacent to Lakes and Rivers
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: This is a
continuous ongoing evaluation
Provide Funding to Upgrade Current, or Purchase New, Hazmat Equipment as
Needed
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Waterford Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
This is a continuous on-going evaluation.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide Funding to Upgrade Current, or
Purchase New, Hazmat Equipment as
Needed
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing - need more
information on this action
Implement Additional Training to Mutual Assistance
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Waterford Township Fire Department, Waterford Township
Police Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance regional capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
This is a continuous on-going evaluation.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Implement additional training to mutual assistance in time
of mass emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Two were completed during 2017.
One was hazmat at a rail yard and the other was the
Airport.
2023 Update: Ongoing - Not sure what they wanted from
this. Look like they included 2 fire responses
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Maintain Mutual Assistance Agreements
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Waterford Township Fire Department, Waterford
Township Police Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside
sources of funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance regional capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
This is a continuous on-going evaluation.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Air
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Maintain mutual assistance agreements for a
potential emergency at the Oakland County
International Airport.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Mutual Aid systems known
as MABAS has been implemented and our
OAKWAY partner are engaged with the public
safety department in Waterford.
2023 Update: Continuing
Provide Funding for Protection and Security to Ground Water Wells
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Waterford Township Department of Public
Works, Waterford Township Police
Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
This is a continuous on-going evaluation.
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure, Terrorism/ Weapons of
Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide funding for protection and security to
the 18 ground water wells in the Township.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. All ground water
well sites have had security upgrades
including cameras and alarm systems.
2023 Update: Ongoing - sites need new
cameras and auto shut offs
Provide Funding for Additional Manpower
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Waterford Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials Incidents:
Transportation Incident
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide funding for additional manpower
for public safety for flooding issues and
possible hazmat accidents.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing
2023 Update: Ongoing - covered by prior
mitigation actions
Reline Water and Sewer Mains
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Waterford Township Department of
Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect/mitigate infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
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Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater
than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Relining of water and sewer mains to
ensure long term integrity of the system.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
SCADA Upgrades
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Waterford Township, Utility Companies
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
SCADA system upgrades to provide real-
time data and monitor water and sewage
systems.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Replace Fire Station #2
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Waterford Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
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Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long Term (to be completed in greater than 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Fire Station #2 does not meet the needs of the fire service
as it is nearly 70 years old. This station needs to be
replaced. Funding is needed to complete this project.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Security Systems at all Fire Stations
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Waterford Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Improve infrastructure
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
Medium
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for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Security systems are needed at all fire stations. Funding is
needed to complete this project.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide funding to install generators for emergency power at the waste water lift
stations.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed, date unknown.
Note that Waterford Township does not have waste
water treatment facilities. There are waste water lift
stations; the action has been altered from installing
generators at facilities to generators at lift stations.
All lift stations have emergency backup generators.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Provide funding to install generators for emergency
power at the waste water lift stations.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
Completed
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Sewer Slush machine used to clean and ensure proper sewage flow through the
system and to prevent sewage back up.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Waterford Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Waterford Township
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Potential Funding Source N/A
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date 2017
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Sewer Slush machine used to clean and
ensure proper sewage flow through the
system and to prevent sewage back up.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed in 2017
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59. West Bloomfield Township
Community Profile and Description
West Bloomfield Township was organized in 1833. The area is known throughout metro
Detroit for its large homes, nature areas, and large Jewish population. As of the 2020 U.S.
Census, the population is 65,888. The total area of West Bloomfield Township is 31.2 square
miles, with 3.9 square miles (12.49 percent) being water. Westacres is an Unincorporated
community in the Township.
Hazards
Natural Hazards:
• Tornadoes and high winds have caused significant damage, leading to the need for
extensive debris removal.
• Lightning strikes have resulted in structural fires.
Emergency Access to Medical Facility:
• The primary medical facility in the Township has only one road for access and egress.
• If this route is blocked, emergency personnel may have difficulty reaching the medical
facility or evacuating patients if needed.
• There is a need to widen Maple Road to ensure emergency personnel can access the
medical facility promptly.
Stormwater Management:
• Stormwater management is a priority in the Township to prevent raw sewage release
when the sewer system is at capacity.
• Collaboration with neighboring communities is ongoing to improve infrastructure and
protect waterways.
Hazards from Radioisotope Transportation:
• The transportation of radioisotopes between medical facilities within the Township
poses a potential hazard in the event of a traffic accident.
Communication System Deficiencies:
• The OakWin Radio System used by police and fire has some deficiencies in the
Township, leading to communication challenges.
Terrorism Concerns:
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• High-profile individuals identified as people of concern may pose a potential terrorist
hazard.
Underwater Rescue Capabilities:
• The Township lacks sufficient resources to handle underwater rescue situations.
• Currently, all underwater rescues are managed by the Oakland County Sheriff's Office.
Winter Road Maintenance:
• The Township officials emphasize the need to maintain an adequate salt supply during
winter months for safe roadways.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Regional Storm Water Flooding
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction W. Bloomfield / Oakland Community
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Fire
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Oakland County Drain Commission
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $1 Million
Potential Funding Source General Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Property Loss
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Regional stormwater flooding in the
township. Flooding the results of
extreme rain events
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
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Private Bridges in Subdivision
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction W. Bloomfield TWP
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position W. Bloomfield TWP
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
$1 Million
Potential Funding Source Private / Municipal
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Property Loss
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Unknown
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure, Structural Fire
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Private bridges in subdivision are failing and will
not support emergency vehicles (fire/EMS) and
Sewer Jet and Vactor trucks of water and sewer
utilities department. Bridge improvements
necessary.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction West Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
High
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each mitigation action during the
update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Acquire Equipment to Allow Radio Communication
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction West Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
West Bloomfield Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase communication and coordination capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
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Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Acquire Equipment to Allow Radio Communications
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: The installation of systems to ensure the
amplification of radio signals on new construction is
required if it is determined that the new construction will
result in loss/disruption of service. Additional efforts are
under way to ensure the overall radio system is improved.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Planning for Extreme Temperatures
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction West Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position West Bloomfield Township Administration
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1,3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Winter Storms, Extreme Heat,
Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
- Ensure plans for extreme heat/cold
during power outages
-Ensure adequate shelters
-Identify warming and cooling facilities for
at-risk populations
-Motioning system for housebound at-risk
populations
-Monitor SCADA on water and sewer
systems
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2023 Update: Shelters have been
identified, SCADA monitoring complete,
alternative power sources are ongoing
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Bury Power Lines
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction West Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Utility Companies
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Utility Construction Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Ongoing utility service
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description, if
applicable
This is already being done for
many construction projects.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide specialized technical training (e.g., confined space entry) and equipment
to members of the Township public safety departments.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction West Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Competed, date unknown
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
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Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Provide specialized technical training (e.g., confined
space entry) and equipment to members of the Township
public safety departments.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Find a solution for the flooding problems in the Township, particularly in the area
of Parkland and Springwater Streets.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction West Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete. The WRC completed a flood
control project to address this issue.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Find a solution for the flooding problems in
the Township, particularly in the area of
Parkland and Springwater Streets.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed
Acquire equipment to remove debris following tornadoes and/or high-wind storms.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction West Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
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Actual Completion Date Complete. Accomplished through relationships
with the Township's Parks and Rec and Water and
Sewer Department. These departments have
heavy equipment that can be used for these
purposes.
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Acquire equipment to remove debris following
tornadoes and/or high wind storms.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
Completed
Continue to advocate for the widening of Maple Road to improve and maintain
access to Henry Ford Hospital.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction West Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete. Project was completed in 2017. A secondary
access road has also been approved for construction.
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
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Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Continue to advocate for the widening of Maple Road to
improve and maintain access to Henry Ford Hospital.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed in 2017
Mitigate flooding on Pocono Drive: The drain on the golf course is not adequate
and has debris. Results in overland flooding on the roadway.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction West Bloomfield Township
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position West Bloomfield Township
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Local Funds
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protect infrastructure from flooding
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Flooding
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
The drain on the golf course is not
adequate and has debris. Results in
overland flooding on the roadway.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed
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60. White Lake Township
Community Profile and Description
White Lake Township was established in 1833 with approximately 10 settlers In 2016, White
Lake Township was named the 6th safest place to live in Michigan. As of the 2020 U.S.
Census, the population is 30,950. The total area of White Lake Township is 37.2 square
miles, with 3.5 square miles (9.44 percent) covered by water. The Township has three
unincorporated communities: East White Lake, Oxbow and White Lake.
Hazards
Dam Failure:
• Pontiac Lake Dam at the headwater of the Huron River poses a risk to residential
homes and roadway infrastructure in case of failure.
• Lake Neva Dam is also of particular concern.
Wildfires:
• Two state parks, one campground, and one metro park are vulnerable to wildfires.
• Some areas are difficult for emergency responders to access.
Active Shooter Incidents:
• Many locations, including big box stores, school districts with multiple schools, and
religious institutions, are considered vulnerable soft targets.
HAZMAT Incidents:
• A gas plant located on Young Road raises concerns about potential hazardous
materials incidents.
• M-59 running through the community adds to the risk of HAZMAT incidents.
Infrastructure Failure Incidents:
• Five pump houses provide municipal and fire suppression water supply without a
backup generator, posing risks during power outages.
• Long-term power outages could lead to significant challenges for residents and
businesses, affecting fuel and water access.
Structural Fire Incidents:
• Senior living apartments, assisted living centers, and memory care facilities are at
increased risk during structural fire incidents.
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Tornadoes and High Wind Events:
• Advanced warning measures are needed to address tornado risks.
• Four manufactured home parks lack specific shelters.
• High winds are also identified as a significant hazard.
Aviation Accidents:
• The Oakland County International Airport's proximity poses concerns about potential
plane crashes in heavily populated areas.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Design and Construction of Hardened Storm Shelter
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position White Lake Board of Trustees
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Police and Fire Departments
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety, protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2025
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Active
Shooter/Active Assailant, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site, Infrastructure Failure,
Terrorism/Weapons of Mass Destruction
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Design and Construction of Gardened Storm
Shelter in new public safety building (which will
house police and fire staff and command)
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Design and Construction of Hardened Storm Shelter within new Fire Station #2
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position White Lake Board of Trustees
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations WLT Fire Departments
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety, protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2026/27
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Active
Shooter/Active Assailant, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site, Infrastructure Failure,
Terrorism/Weapons of Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Design and Construction of Hardened Storm
Shelter Within New Fire Station #2
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Design and Construction of Hardened Storm Shelter within new Fire Station #3
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position White Lake Board of Trustees
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Police and Fire Departments
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life Safety, protection
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
2026/27
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes, Active
Shooter/Active Assailant, Hazardous Materials
Incidents: Fixed Site, Infrastructure Failure,
Terrorism/Weapons of Mass Destruction
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Design and Construction of Hardened Storm
Shelter within New Fire Station #3
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
New mitigation action for 2023
Two Additional Back-Up Generators
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position White Lake TWP Department of
Public Services
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3,
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $50,000
Potential Funding Source BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Maintenance municipal water supply
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2025
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Two Additional Back-Up Generators
within pump houses / municipal water
supply.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
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Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction. Inclusion
of this action is a reflection on the increasing need to
ensure residents are better prepared for natural hazards,
and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Install Additional Tornado Sirens
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position White Lake Township Department of Public
Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC, HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation action
during the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Sever Summer Storms, Tornadoes
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Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Install additional tornado sirens
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Checking on the
status to see if this is still needed.
2023 Update: Still needed - ongoing. Pontiac
Lake State Park - Tornado in WLT in July of
2021. Highland Rec, Indian Springs
Hire Additional Public Safety Officers
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
White Lake Township Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (greater than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore outside sources of
funding to support implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Increase response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
Low
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Hire additional public safety officers to meet the increasing
needs of the Township.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Currently at adequate levels for
police & fire. Also have some part-time, paid on-call
firefighters. Still attempting to improve staffing at Fire
Station 3.
2023 Update: Ongoing - no longer have paid on call
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Provide Additional training for Responding to Airplane Crashes
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position White Lake Township Department of Public
Safety
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Air
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Provide additional training for responding to
potential airplane crashes at the Oakland
County International Airport.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Training in October
with Waterford
2023 Update: Ongoing
Provide Training for Closed Space Rescue
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
White Lake Township Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date (Short-
term, Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Air
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide training for closed space rescue.
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Been some training. Technical
Rescue Team ready to enter confined spaces. White
Lake team who are not on the Team don't enter confined
spaces, the training is focused on informing White Lake
staff on what do to between their arrival on scene &
Technical Rescue Team arrival.
2023 Update: Ongoing - looking to add more personnel
to Tech Rescue team as well as one department
Provide Proper Training to Respond to Emergencies
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
White Lake Township Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Provide proper training to respond to such emergencies as
multi-vehicle accidents and trench or building collapse
emergencies.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Continue to do accident response
training. Specialized team members get training to respond
to trench training.
2023 Update: Ongoing
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Continue to Provide Training to Public Safety Officers
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
White Lake Township Department of Public Safety
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, HSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Enhance training and response capabilities
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Continue to provide training to public safety officers
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing. Required to do two trainings a
month that cover a variety of topics. For example, active
shooter.
2023 Update: Ongoing - hosted an active shooter training
in 2022
Storm Debris Management
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
White Lake Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3,4, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
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Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) More cohesive response following debris generating
events.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Severe Summer Storms, Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
Roads in White Lake Township fall under three types of
ownership: those that belong to the Township, the County,
and private residents. As the Township does not have a
Public Works department, it can be difficult to ensure
those who are responsible for clearing the road do so in a
timely manner following events with widespread debris
(such as a tornado or high winds). Additionally, the
Township is considering if/how potential debris generators
can be mitigated before a storm (such as informing the
owners of private roads regarding trees that may need to
be removed).
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing - experienced a tornado in 2021
Replace Fire Station #3 Generator
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization / Position White Lake Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 4
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000) $25,000
Potential Funding Source Fire Department Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Ensure a continuous power source for Fire Station
#3.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5 years); 2019
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
The generator in Fire Station #3 needs to be
replaced to ensure those responding from the
station have continuous access to power. The
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current plan is to get a used generator to save on
costs.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes
in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing
Civic Center Complex Sheltering Capability
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
White Lake Township Fire Department / Police Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
White Lake Township Officials
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High (more than $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Ensure that the new complex can be used as a community
shelter.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2025 (2024 Ground Breaking Anticipated)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during
the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The new Civic Center Complex will be built in the
Township. The Fire Department will work to ensure the
complex is built in such a fashion that it can be used as a
community emergency shelter. For Police and Fire
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2023 Update: Ongoing - design in 2023
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Mobile Home Shelter Options
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction White Lake Township
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
White Lake Township Fire Department
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Potential Funding Source Annual Budget
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Protection of mobile home residents
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2021
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Tornadoes
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if applicable
The Township has been discussing this concern over the
past few years and a suitable arrangement has not been
identified. With nearly 2,000 mobile homes in four parks
throughout the Township, this presents a significant
concern for first responders and mobile home park
residents. The Township will continue to look for potential
solutions to address this concern.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017: Initiated. This project was initiated in the HMP in
2017, however the conversation has been ongoing.
2023 Update: Ongoing
Completed Mitigation Actions
This is not applicable to this jurisdiction.
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61. City of Wixom
Community Profile and Description
The settlement of Wixom dates back to the 1830s. The establishment of Wixom as a place
started in the early 1870s when the Holly, Wayne and Monroe Railroad was constructed
through the area. Willard Wixom platted land on either side of the railroad near the Novi
and Commerce Township border. The construction of a railroad depot and the naming of
the area as Wixom fixed Wixom as a destination. The village of Wixom was incorporated in
the 1950s following the announcement of plans to construct the Wixom Assembly Plant in
Novi Township. The city was home to the former Wixom Assembly Plant, which produced
the Lincoln LS, the Ford Thunderbird, the Ford GT, and the Lincoln Town Car. The plant
closed its doors on May 31, 2007. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 17,193. The
total area of the City of Wixom is 9.36 square miles.
Hazards
Major Transportation Incidents:
• I-96 roadway incidents, including possible spills or accidents, are a concern to the City
of Wixom.
• The railroad is also identified as being at risk for transportation-related incidents.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
The heart of the mitigation plan is the mitigation strategy, which serves as the long-term
blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation
strategy describes how the community will accomplish the overall purpose, or mission, of
the planning process. In this section, mitigation actions/projects were updated/amended,
identified, evaluated, and prioritized.
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
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New Mitigation Actions
Railroad Overpass on Beck Road
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Wixom
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Wixom Department of Public
Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations NOVI
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of
funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) North / South Transport for
Railroad
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Long-term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Railroad Overpass on Beck Road
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New mitigation action for 2023
Wastewater Plant Upgrades
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Wixom
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Wixom Department of Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) $6 Million
Potential Funding Source Federal and Self Funded, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Asset Protection and Resiliency
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Long-term
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed
Site
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Wastewater Plant Upgrades
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority New Mitigation Action
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Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Wixom
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
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Ongoing Mitigation Actions
The jurisdiction did not have previous mitigation actions.
Completed Mitigation Actions
Provide Funding for Hazmat Training and Equipment
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Wixom
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and
Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Transportation
Incident, Transportation Accidents: Highway,
Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
Completed
Provide additional barricades, for emergency response personnel protection, to be
used at multi-vehicle accidents.
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Wixom
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position City of Wixom
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds,
State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Complete, date unknown
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
Medium
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Hazard(s) Mitigated Transportation Accidents:
Highway
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority Completed
Obtain portable radio repeaters to provide cohesive and consistent
communication between emergency response personnel.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Wixom
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
City of Wixom
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed. The City of Wixom identified the issue with
poor performance of the system and the County
evaluated and agreed it was an issue, followed the
appropriate processes and installed a new cellular
antenna and the performance of the system has been
much improved.
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Obtain portable radio repeaters to provide cohesive and
consistent communication between emergency response
personnel.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Complete
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Provide large scale disaster response training for all first responders in the City of
Wixom.
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Wixom
Lead Agency/ Organization /
Position
City of Wixom
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 6
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
N/A
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
N/A
Actual Completion Date Completed. A tabletop exercise was conducted
addressing a train derailment and associated challenges.
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Provide large-scale disaster response training for all first
responders in the City of Wixom.
2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
Completed
Well House Abandonment will take place at 46916 Liberty and 29730 South Wixom
Road, and other locations as needed.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction City of Wixom
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position Oakland County, Great Lakes Water
Authority
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
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Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
$60,000
Potential Funding Source Water Enterprise Fund
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Preserve/Protect life and mitigate casualties
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
March 31, 2018 and August 2018
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
Medium
Hazard(s) Mitigated Subsidence, Infrastructure Failure
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description
Well House Abandonment will take place at
46916 Liberty and 29730 South Wixom
Road, and other locations as needed.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2018 Update: Wixom Business and Wixom
West Tech Abandoned
2019 Update: Completed in 2019
2023 Update: still have two wells available:
Grand Oaks Well and Maple Forest Well
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62. Village of Wolverine Lake
Community Profile and Description
Wolverine Lake is named after the wolverine, from which Michigan acquired its unofficial
nickname of Wolverine State. Wolverine Lake was created in the 1920s through a private
damming and inundation project funded by local dentist and developer Howard Stuart.
Wolverine Lake was created from six small lakes; Spring, Mayie, Pork Barrel, Bickling, Taylor
and Bradley, all surrounded by marsh land. The Village of Wolverine Lake was incorporated
in 1954. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population is 4,544. The total area of the Village of
Wolverine Lake is 1.68 square miles.
Hazards
Failure of the Wolverine Lake Dam:
• The dam, located just north of Glengary Road, poses a significant risk as its failure
could lead to the flooding of 120 homes.
• An Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is in place to address and respond to potential dam
failure emergencies.
Tornado / Severe Winter Weather:
• Tornadoes and severe winter weather events are identified as hazards of concern for
the Village.
• Power outages resulting from these events could disable local drinking water wells,
threatening the community's access to safe drinking water.
Invasive Species:
• Phragmites are an invasive species concern.
• These invasive plants can negatively impact local ecosystems and water bodies,
potentially leading to ecological imbalances and environmental issues.
Mitigation Strategies and Actions
The heart of the mitigation plan is the mitigation strategy, which serves as the long-term
blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation
strategy describes how the community will accomplish the overall purpose, or mission, of
the planning process. In this section, mitigation actions/projects were updated/amended,
identified, evaluated, and prioritized.
Each jurisdiction’s mitigation actions are organized as follows:
• New Mitigation Actions - New actions identified during this 2023 update process
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• Ongoing Mitigation Actions - These ongoing actions were included in the previous
update, and have yet to be completed. Some of these actions have no definitive end.
During the 2023 update, these "ongoing" mitigation actions and projects were
modified and/or amended, as needed, to better define the action/project.
• Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions - Completed or removed actions since
2005
New Mitigation Actions
Develop and Implement Public Education Programs and Outreach on Natural
Disaster Awareness, Readiness, Best Practices and Resources Available to the
Public
Year Initiated 2023
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Wolverine Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Oakland County Emergency Management & Homeland
Security Department
Applicable Goal(s) 1, 3, 4, 5
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
Low
Potential Funding Source Local Funds, Staff Time, SHSGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Life safety and greater resilience amongst residents,
especially those who are underserved and/or have
functional and access needs.
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date N/A
Priority and Level of Importance
(Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description
Develop and implement public outreach and education
programs on disaster awareness and resilience. Oakland
County will assist participating jurisdictions in their
outreach and education efforts. Activities may include:
• Warning, public information, and education
materials, such as OakAlert.
• Family disaster plans and supply kits.
• Preparedness events.
• Web site or content for county and municipality
websites and social media.
• Content for county and municipal newsletters,
brochures, etc.
• Trainings
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
This is a new mitigation action for the jurisdiction.
Inclusion of this action is a reflection on the increasing
need to ensure residents are better prepared for natural
hazards, and that the community's most vulnerable and
underserved populations are supported with the
necessary resources and tools to ensure their safety.
Ongoing Mitigation Actions
Study Potential Effect of Dam Failure
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Wolverine Lake
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Wolverine Lake
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Commerce Fire, Oakland County Sheriff,
Wolverine Lake Police, DPW
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, BRIC,
HMGP
Benefits (Loss Avoided) 120 homes downstream loss avoided
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Hazard Dams
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Study the potential effect of a dam failure
on the proposed development located
downstream.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing.
2023 Update: Ongoing - There has been
some minor maintenance and repairs in
the last couple years.
Continue to Plan a Response in the Event of Dam Failure
Year Initiated 2005
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Wolverine Lake
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Wolverine Lake Police
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations Police, DPW, Commerce Fire
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium,
High)
Medium
Potential Funding Source Explore outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) 120 homes impacted downstream
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term,
Long-term, or Ongoing)
Ongoing
Actual Completion Date Annual
Priority and Level of Importance (Low,
Medium, High)
High
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(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility
Analysis conducted for each mitigation
action during the update process)
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Hazard Dams
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Continue to plan a response in the event of a
dam failure on properties located downstream.
Continue inspections annually and keep
response info updated
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in
Priority
2017 Update: Ongoing.
2023 Update: Ongoing - the dam had some
minor maintenance and repairs to it in the last
couple of years.
Address Phragmites
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Wolverine Lake
Lead Agency / Organization / Position Village of Wolverine Lake Department of
Public Works
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations N/A
Applicable Goal(s) 3
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, Explore
outside sources of funding to support
implementation
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Prevent/mitigate losses from invasive
species
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High) High
Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-
term, or Ongoing)
Short Term (to be completed in 1 to 5
years)
Actual Completion Date TBD
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis
conducted for each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Invasive Species
Action/Implementation Plan and Project
Description, if applicable
Address the growth and expansion of
phragmites (invasive species)
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: Ongoing - Some of the
Phragmites have been cut and burned
to eliminate them.
Completed Mitigation Actions
Update the Dam EAP with current contact info for flow charts.
Year Initiated 2017
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Wolverine Lake
Lead Agency/ Organization / Position
Supporting Agencies/ Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 2
Estimated Cost & Analysis (Low, Medium, High) N/A
Potential Funding Source
Benefits (Loss Avoided)
Benefits Analysis (Low, Medium, High)
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Projected Completion Date (Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
November, 2017
Actual Completion Date November, 2017
Priority and Level of Importance (Low, Medium, High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or Feasibility Analysis conducted
for each mitigation action during the update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated High Hazard Dams
Action/Implementation Plan and Project Description Update the Dam EAP with
current contact info for flow
charts.
2023 Plan Update Status and Changes in Priority 2017 Update: Initiated,
Completed - Completed in
2017
Generators for Community Well Houses
Year Initiated 2012
Applicable Jurisdiction Village of Wolverine Lake
Lead Agency / Organization /
Position
Village of Wolverine Lake
Supporting Agencies/
Organizations
Applicable Goal(s) 1
Estimated Cost & Analysis
(Low, Medium, High)
Medium ($10,000 to $100,000)
Potential Funding Source Internal (Local/County) Funds, State and Federal Grants
Benefits (Loss Avoided) Continued water service for residents
Benefits Analysis (Low,
Medium, High)
High
Projected Completion Date
(Short-term, Long-term, or
Ongoing)
2018
Actual Completion Date 2022
Priority and Level of
Importance (Low, Medium,
High)
(Based on STAPLEE and/or
Feasibility Analysis conducted for
each mitigation action during the
update process)
High
Hazard(s) Mitigated Drought, Earthquake, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Fog,
Invasive Species, High Hazard, Dams, Severe Summer
Storms, Severe Winter Storms, Subsidence, Tornadoes,
Wildfires, Active Shooter/Active Assailant, Cybersecurity,
Hazardous Materials Incidents: Fixed Site, Hazardous
Materials Incidents: Transportation Incident, Infrastructure
Failure, Nuclear Power Plant Accidents, Oil and Gas Well
Accidents, Public Health Emergencies:
Pandemic/Epidemic, Socio-Political Hazards (Civil
Disturbance, Social Unrest), Structural Fire, Terrorism/
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Transportation Accidents:
Air, Transportation Accidents: Highway, Transportation
Accidents: Marine, Transportation Accidents: Rail
Action/Implementation Plan and
Project Description, if
applicable
Acquire more generators for our community well houses.
We only have one currently.
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2023 Plan Update Status and
Changes in Priority
2017 Update: Initiated
2023 Update: COMPLETED All municipal water wells
have new generators installed (2022)